Adab AL Rafidayn

Abda al-Tabib, a veteran poet who lived most of his life in pre-Islamic times and embraced Islam before his people embraced Tamim, a nine-year hijra in the greatest sense, and his conversion to Islam was good, and he witnessed Babylon a thirteen year of emigration, and he participated with Nu'man bin Muqrin in the Persian war in Al-Mada'in in the year 15 - 1- H. Al-Muthanna bin Haritha witnessed the fighting of Hormuz, and he was among those whom Saad bin Abi Waqqas delegated to instill fervor and enthusiasm in the hearts of Muslims, saying: (And you are Arab poets and those with their opinion, and we found them and their masters, so they walked among the people, so they mentioned them and incited them to fight). After the conquest of Al-Mada'in, Saad bin Abi Waqqas traveled from Al-Mada'in to Askar in Kufa in the year seventeen, and between the fall of Al-Mada'in and the descent of Kufa for a year and two months) and it seems that the same poet did not take the place in Kufa, so he traveled to his country after his analysis refused to leave with him to the desert and chose to stay in Kufa, so he mentioned it In the introduction to Amina). The poet witnessed the war of conquests for a period of no less than three years at the least and he fought it himself. As he organizes poetry about the conquests, he organizes a personal experience that he lived and acted upon and witnessed its victories and the armies, weapons, raids, battles and plans threatening and threatening all of this was the subject of his lamian poem, which is almost from The longest poems that were said in Fattuh Sadr al-Islam and it is the longest poem in his poetry in which his experience was clearly visible at times and disappeared behind the verses at another time. Islam is insignificant, represented in three verses, of which the connection is closely related between Islam and the poem. And experience predicts the close interdependence between religion and poetry, an interdependence concentrated in the dependence of each of them heavily on the soul, inspiration and intuitive reception.
The apparent meaning of the Lami poem is composed of six parts that revolve around the Islamic conquest composed of a tight thematic unit, and the parts are:
The first is the ghazal introduction, which consists of verses 1-7
The second: the description of the camel, consisting of verses with numbers ۹-
The third: The description of the bull beast, the dog, and the hunter, consisting of the verses 29-44
Fourth: The army’s journey to jihad and the leadership of the poet for his people, and it consists of verses 45-56
Fifth: The fishing trip and it consists of verses with numbers 57-65
 Sixth: Description of the majlis al-khmer, consisting of verses 66-81

The Book of Explanation and Explanation by Al-Jahiz is a book that has great weight in the world of literature. Many people were taught by Al-Jahiz, and many of them were disciplined with his book as well. He has twelve indexes for the statement, rhetoric, sermons, letters, and commandments, poetry, rhetoric, proverbs, languages, media, tribes, circuits, sects, countries, days of the Arabs, landmarks of civilization and books, and this is an unforgettable virtue and a great effort to be rewarded, God willing, but he did not mention two important indexes as the investigators do an index of Quranic verses, and an index According to the hadiths of the Prophet, the most important reasons for writing my research were:
 1- A strange defect was blocked when I saw Abd al-Salam Muhammad Harun produce poetry and ignore the hadith of the Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, and the hadith of the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, was the first to maintain and investigate the truth, but he mentioned in a very few places a group of graduates attributing them to al-Suyuti only.
 She said: Confirm the accusation that affixed Al-Jahiz to lies and the situation sometimes, and it turned out to be unstable, as we will show later.
 I suffered, but I did not find a single hadith that I accuse Al-Jahiz of having put it even though I found him narrating the weak hadith and the subject that others put forward, and the reason for that is that he was not one of the masters of the hadith and its men and this is weak and the subject that was narrated by a few, knowing that it weakens a group of hadiths or interpreted them to harmonize with his isolationist article and a victory for his doctrine as A statement of that will come. I have counted the hadiths of the book of statement and explanation, which we are about to produce.
His hadiths and I found them amounting to two hundred hadiths, some of which were repeated by Al-Jahiz in various places of his book. According to my limited knowledge, I did not gain anyone who dealt with the production of the hadiths of the Book of Al-Bayan and Explanation, and a true statement of his hadiths from their weak or subject matter, so I relied on God Almighty to do so, and I went to the Islamic Library part to look at its treasures and extract what was said about Al-Jahiz in terms of wounding and modification, and then what was said in hadiths His book is correct, weak, or otherwise, and producing hadiths is difficult, but I was overwhelmed by the feeling of fear of the people of hadith or imitating them, because imitating dignity is a success. The poet says good when he says:
 I would not ease the difficult or realize the semen, so the hopes were led only to Saber
The research was divided into two parts, the first of which was (Al-Jahiz fi Mizan al-Muhaddithin, through his book Al-Bayan and Al-Tabiyyin). In the first study, I mentioned what was said about him in terms of wounding and modification with a clear statement on that, and the second study in explaining the shortcomings of Al-Jahiz, and the third research in explaining his approach In listing the hadiths in his book, then the second section was called (the statement and clarification in the balance of the hadiths) and I made it the next day his hadiths and their graduation, and for that I developed a special approach that I used in the hadiths that I mentioned at the beginning of the aforementioned section. Peace be upon him only, without mentioning the suspended and interrupted hadiths, lest the discussion be prolonged. After examining the hadiths, I saw that some of them are weak or fabricated.

The value of our choice of this topic comes from its diagnosis of the impact of continuous readings in ancient Arab magazines, whose consideration played a major role in uncovering many creative personalities, including poets, critics, and story writers who did not take their broad range of appearances and contradictory brilliance for those who are less than them in knowledge, performance, idea and fame. In addition to examining the research results and fruits in a timely manner to realize their intellectual development at that time, and looking deeply into folded pages, roots and intellectual primitives, we find their content today a dwelling place hidden from our contemporary researchers who did not allow any of them to look into it, and devote to these valuable efforts and their symbols in thought, methodology and creativity. After its owners became, with constant trouble, among the leaders of the Arab statement and literature today.

Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and may peace and blessings be upon his faithful Messenger, his family and all of his companions. The reader of the Book of God Almighty pauses for the phenomenon of placing the apparent name in the place of the pronoun. What adds to the reader’s astonishment and amazement is that if he intends to any place where the name appearing on the pronoun and then tries to return speech to its origin by placing the pronoun in place of the pronoun, he will find that speech has He lost one of his features, and that the splendor and beauty that he first found were no longer the same.
And then he will admit with himself: that this method is a secret of the secrets of the Qur’anic systems, and one of its aesthetic aspects that humans are unable to do.
What does the nuclei find? Cut the cores like that of the nuclei, obeying the clues
That house, which carried Al-Asma`i (d.216 AH) to say in his own right: "For this house a sheep was laid for it to come upon it."
I have tried in my research this to postpone this method, and interrogate books of grammar, rhetoric and interpretation in revealing his eloquence in the Noble Qur’an, the largest Arabic book. From God alone, I seek help and success.

The zakat imposed by Islam is an economic system and a financial resource from the house of money in Islam that is spent in meeting the economic needs of individuals and works to secure the lives of the members of society from real and discretionary deficits and aims to purify the souls of the rich from the abomination of selfishness. And zakat them for it (Al-Tawiya: 109), and it aims to spread brotherhood and love among members of society.
And since it is an important pillar of Islam, researchers have to re-present everything that branches off from this pillar and what is related to zakat on religion, so the need for such research is very necessary and urgent in order to highlight what our scholars have composed in past eras and collect what was divided into the sources in an easy manner that can be studied and discussed Because the issue of Zakat on debt did not take its due from the interest of researchers, and due to the changing economic and social conditions and the intertwining of commercial transactions and their influences on market factors that increase or decrease the purchasing power of money, there are those who resort to borrowing and borrowing from others, whether borrowing is trade or filling the need What is the ruling on this money that is in the possession of the borrower, and what is the consequence of its owner, the owner? So this study came to answer what was mentioned and divided into topics that dealt with the first topic: the meaning of zakat on debt in language and idiomatically and the terms of money on which zakat is due, then we talked about it about the zakat of money that I saw with its people and was with it without explaining the sayings of the jurists when they looked at the state of the debt if it was wealthy and acceptable In debt and when it is insolvent, Sarah does not wish to deny or deny religion, and there is no evidence for it. As for the second topic: we talked about the owner and the type of money he owns and we mentioned the jurists ’division of money into an inner and apparent difference and their difference in the obligation of zakat on it. As for the third topic, we mentioned the difference in the view of the jurists To zakat in that it is even a mother of worship. As for the fourth topic: we talked about the reasons and motives that led to the borrowing of money and the link between it and the quality of money and its stability in liability. In it, the conditions and results that must be taken into account in religion when recommending it were mentioned. If this study hits the goal, then God Almighty and praise be to Him. .

The Arab nation passed through long eras in which the word was dispersed, which allowed foreign powers, including Persians and Romans, to control important and vital parts of the Arab land. The Persians controlled Iraq and the Arabian Gulf, while the Romans took control of the Levant and Egypt, and the foreign presence resulted in the rise of Arab awareness to counter this The challenge was represented by the collision of the Arab kingdoms on the outskirts of the Arabian Peninsula with the Sasanian and Byzantine states, and that was an expression of confronting these foreign powers, and the most prominent of which was the battle of Dhi Qar in which the Arabs won over the non-Arabs, and the Holy Prophet (PBUH) blessed them by saying (This is the first day in which the Arab Arabs did justice) .
This challenge and civilizational advancement developed with the emergence of Islam, as the Islamic faith pushed the Arabs to jihad and liberation after uniting the Arabs into one state and a unified belief.
The great Arab battles against the Persians and the Romans continued, especially the first battle of Qadisiyah in Iraq and the battle of Yarmouk in the Levant. In less than half a century, the Muslim Arabs were able to liberate all parts of the Arab world. .
However, the factors of challenge of these foreign powers did not stop at this point. Rather, the Roman attacks continued on the borders of the Arab state, which they confronted with all determination and strength. On the borders of the Arab state.

The Arabian Peninsula region received special attention from the major powers during the First World War, as it was the node of land, sea and air communications between Europe and the Far East, as well as the international competition in the southwestern region of the Arabian Peninsula for control of the coast extending to the Red Sea.
Contemporary historical studies have tended to study the history of this region by adopting the methodology of revealing British and Ottoman documents to reach historical facts to identify political events and developments in bilateral relations between the countries of the region. And the entire Middle East, without paying attention to the roots and basic structures of relations or crises between the House of Saud on the one hand and the forces surrounding them in the region. In this study, we tried to trace the Saudi-Yemeni relations in their first seeds at the beginning of the twentieth century after the international-regional changes that the Middle East witnessed at the end of the First World War and their effects on the political reality of the Arabs and their civilizational future. Al-Azmi, which escalated Saudi-Yemeni relations in their later historical stages, and what we are witnessing today of the escalating crisis on the common borders between the two countries.

To be concerned about the truth of this issue requires a certain amount of knowledge of the basic features of the US strategy towards Iraq and the region in general, and before considering the interpretations and predictions of the political and economic frameworks for this issue, we have to know American politics from the royal cradle through official and popular positions.

This study aims to identify the extent of the possibility of using the sequential indexing plan in producing alphabetical objective indexes for the classified index in Arab libraries, most of which lack such kind of services that prevent the beneficiary from completing his research and studying well, in addition to the fact that this lack leads to delays in research Studies and their lack of contemporaneity with the latest information in the fields of human knowledge, in addition to the lack of most Arab information sources and scouts, and this is one of the basic problems that the user faces in Arab libraries with regard to Arab information sources.
On this basis, this study will answer the following two questions:
 1. What are the features of sequential detection and what are its problems?
 2. How appropriate is the indexing sequence of Arab libraries?
This study relied on the descriptive study of the literature of the subject in the specialized information sources to reveal its features and problems of this plan, in addition to the use of practical examples based on the classification systems used in libraries, and through these examples we can identify the features and problems of the plan in a practical and concrete manner. The study also relied on surveying the opinions of workers in a number of Arab libraries through a questionnaire distributed for this purpose, in order to learn through it the possibility of using this plan in Arab libraries, and to come up with the appropriate results.

The following pages are an attempt to trace the idea of ​​the great diversity in fashion between peoples and regions, this diversity that seems to be heading towards receding in the face of the tyranny of uniform types of fashion, at least in its general lines - and at the same time identifying some of the front indications of popular fashion and the change that met these indications as an image Reflected on a changing cultural and social reality.
Determine the research problem
Folk costumes are one of the means of cultural expression in any society, as they have connotations that can be understood in light of the heritage by all those involved in it, and this means the association of folk costumes with elements of culture in society and because of their apparent material nature, they can express more clearly about that invisible sector of culture, About values, beliefs and ideas, and anthropological studies have shown us the existence of this link between fashion and its colors and what society stores, under the surface of fleeting observation.
This importance of folk costumes is now in danger of being excluded from the social and cultural field due to the rapid changes taking place in societies, and under multiple ideological and material pressures, many of the fashion symbols and their connotations will disappear, opening the way, of course, to new symbols and connotations with different implications.
Research goal
 This research seeks to record a general picture of the social connotations of folk costumes with the impact of cultural changes on them.
Research Methodology -
This research uses the descriptive and analytical method in an attempt to explore beyond the outward character and to know the social connotations of ethnographic material.

The purpose of this study is to record the most significant problems which encounter the graduate students in the Jordanian Universities. It aims also at exploring the variation of these problems according to the sex, age, social status, and the University of the students.
The results show that the graduate students face certain problems and that these problems vary in terms of its importance. It show also that male students suffer more than female that married students suffer more than the unmarried, and that Mu'tah students suffer more than the students of the other universites. Finally it show that the students from the age (28. 33) suffer more than the other students.

The purpose of this study is to record the most significant problems which encounter the graduate students in the Jordanian Universities. It aims also at exploring the variation of these problems according to the sex, age, social status, and the University of the students.
The results show that the graduate students face certain problems and that these problems vary in terms of its importance. It show also that male students suffer more than female that married students suffer more than the unmarried, and that Mu'tah students suffer more than the students of the other universites. Finally it show that the students from the age (28. 33) suffer more than the other students.

This study aimed to describe the structural variables prevailing in the families of juvenile delinquents. Family structural variables were operationalized as: family size, birth order, crowdedness in the house, broken homes, residential area, family type, father's occupation, father's education, mother's education, and family income, Moreover, it studied delinquent's demographical variables such as juvenile delinquent's job, education, and occupation. Further, it aimed to describe the relationship between juvenile delinquency and family structural variables.
This studyt consisted of 57 juvenile delinquents, with an age average of 15.167 who were institutionalized in Osamah Ben Zaid center for juvenile care.
Results showed that about half of familes of juvenile delinquents were living in Amman. Families of juvenile delinquents characterized as large, broken with the absence of one of the parents (mostly the father) crowded, nuclear, low income, low education, low social and cconomic status jobs. Most of juvenile delinquents were: students, middle birth order. A positive relationship were found between juvenile delinquency and family size, juvenile delinquent' job, polygyny, and the absence of one of the parents. A negative relationships were found between juvenile delinquency and delinquent's education and the education of father and the education of mother. Some practical applications were discussed.

L'influence de Charles Dickens (1812-1870) sur l'oeuvre d'Alphonse Daudet (1840-1897) a toujours suscité une large discussion. Les biogra- phes autant que les critiques des deux auteurs constatent que Daudet s'inspire de David Copperfield (1850). On dit qu'il connait l'oeuvre de l'écrivain anglais en question dans sa totalité; ceci l'incite à suivre les traces de son oeuvre. Quelques uns de ses biographes vont un peu plus loin en soulignant à plusieurs reprises que Daudet "a souvent refait des romans qu'on avait déjà écrits" (1). Un autre critique l'accuse de plagier les écrits de Dickens (2); dans un article intitulé "Un thème des romanciers naturalistes: La Mâtrone d'-Ephèse", G, Hainsworth souligne que "si génial que Daudet paraisse par certains côtés, on ne serait passer sous silence la question de nombreux emprunts littéraires

This controversy is centred on the dialogue of the play. Thus almost all critics focus on the dilemma of explaining what,the dialogue implies and conveys. In The Room what is said and what is implicated together form a meaning of the utterence which is not following ready made cliches. The problem of dialogue is to be solved because critics review it in two different first one is that it is natruralistic based on everyday speech and it is confusing on the other hand, This has giyen Pinter an aspect which distinguishes him from others by expressing the unexpressible. ycance, of PinterS The Room is anbigaous and highly ways.

This paper aims at studying connection used in the Bible of king Ja mes 1611 to examine how far coordination and subordination are used. Only the first ten chapters are tested of the Bible duc to the bulky size. The analysis of the data goes along the same lines adopted by Quirk et al., 1972 limiting the attention to clause level. Coordination and subordination phrase, word and morpheme levels fall outside the scope of the present paper. The study concludes with the preference of coordination to subordination due to the following points : 1- Simple style and structure. 2- The influence of the source language. 3- Language change ability.

A Metaphysical Con xeit in Emily Dickenson's Biographical Poem, "The Chariot" (1872) This paper finds much similarity between Emily Dickenson's approach to death in her poem "The chariot" and John Donne's poem: "A Valediction:Forbidding Mourning". The Similarity between Donne and Dickenson lies in their striking treatment of the theme of love in terms of death.

Il nous a semblé indispensable de définir tout d'abord la conception de la langue selon MARTINET. Pour MARTINET, "Une. langue est un instrument de communication selon lequel l'experience humaine s'an- alyse,differemment dans chaque communauté,en unités douées d'un contenu sématique et d'une expression phonique, Les: monèmes icatte expression phonique s'articule à son tour en unités distinctives et successives, les phonémes,en nombre déterminé dans chaque langue, dont- la nature et les rapports mutuels diffèrent eux aussi d'ue langue à une autre.