Basrah Journal For Date Palm Research

This study was effectuated at Date Palm tissue culture laboratory. (Date Palm Research Center –Basra University) to study the Effect of Polyvinyl pyrilodine and sucrose on multiplication ratio ,elongation and number and length of roots of date palm cv. Sayer in vitro
.different concentration of PVP was tested (0,1,2,3,4 g/L ) and different concentration of sucrose(30,40,50,60,70)G/LThese explants were cultured on nutrient medium supplemented 3 mg/l NAA and cytokines (2iP) 10 mg/l. Cultures were incubated in lights at 1000 lux at periods16 hours daily at 27±1 c0 and sub cultured was done every four weeks the results showed that:
1- Results showed that the use 2 g/l (PVP) was increased of multiplication ratio was reached(8.6%) and elongation(6.3cm) and led to have higher number of roots was reached (3.6) root/plantlet compared to the other concentration. While use 1 g/l led to have higher length of roots was reached 4.3 cm.

2-Used of 60 g/l sucrose was increased the multiplication ratio was reached (5.6%). and elongation (6.8cm)and led to have higher number of roots was reached (3.6) root/plantlet . while use 70 g/l led to have higher length of roots was reached 5.8 cm. significant compared to the other concentration

3-Results showed that the use(1 g /l PVP and 60 g/l sucrose ) was increased the multiplication ratio which (8.2%) and elongation (7.1cm)and led to have higher number of roots which (4.3) root/plantlet .significantly compared to the other treatments. While the treatment (2 g /l PVP and 60 g/l sucrose) superior significantly in the average of root length which 5.9 cm compared of other treatments .

The comparable of antimicrobial activity of ethyl and methyl extracts of Dom palm Hyphaene thebaica fruit were studied on gram positive and gram negative bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs)of extracts were determined. The more effective extract on all microorganisms was ethyl extract when compared with methyl extract. The more sensitive microorganisms to ethyl and methyl extracts were Saphylococcus aurues which have inhibition zone (28 and 21) mm respectively. While Pseudomonas aerginosa have less inhibition zone (10 and 8) mm for extracts for other bacteria.

This present study was under taken in date palm research center district which belong to the general company for horticulture determine the effect of indole butyric acid and indole acetic acid with a different concentration on root initiation in date palm Hillawi cultivar, the offshoots was dipped for two period in solution of plant growth regulators, the first period was ten minutes and the second period was fifteen minutes, the main results of this study were:
It was found that treatment with IBA at 1000 ppm for 15 minutes led to high average of root number and root length in comparison with the other tested concentration, the average of root number was 4.99 and 6.84 roots per offshoot after six and nine months from date of culture, while the results showed that treatment with IBA at a concentration of 1000 ppm for 15 minutes led to higher average length roots of 15.97 and 19.73 cm after six and nine months from the date of culture.

The present study was carried out at a private orchard , in Abu-Al-Khaseeb region –Basrah, during the season of 2008 .The aim was to investigate the effect of bunches bagging by brown papar and spraying of liquorice extract at three concentrations of ( 0 , 5 , 8 ) g l−1,Spraying the trees was done 50 days from Pollination , The study included the interaction effect of both factors on some Physical and Chemical Characterizes of two date palm cultivars ( Sayer and Hillawi ) , The results were summarized as follows: The treatments of bagging bunches, spraying with 8 g l−1 liquorice exteact , and Hillawi cultivar increased bunch weight significantly, whereas the interaction effect of spraying bagging bunches at concentrations of 8 g l−1 and the treatment of bagging bunches of Hillawi cultivar increased bunch weight significantly as compared with the other interaction treatments, The treatment of bagging bunches significantly increased fruit weight significantly, while the treatment of spraying with 8 g l−1 liquorice extract increased fruit weight significantly , The treatment of bagging bunches, treatment of spraying with 8 g l−1 liquorice extract and treatment of Sayer cultivar increased total soluble solids significantly, The interaction effect between the factors were spraying bagging bunches with 8 g l−1 liquorice extract significantly increased the total soluble solids as compared with other treatments,while the treatment of bagging bunches and Hillawi cultivar significantly decreased protein and tannin content,However , the treatment of spraying liquorice extract with 5 g l−1 decreased Tannin content significantly compared with other treatments .

This study was effectuated at Date Palm tissue culture laboratory. (Date Palm Research Center –Basrah University) to study the effect of of MS salts and sucrose on formation of lateral buds of date palm offshoots c.v sayer.The quarter apical buds was used which was obtained from offshots (2-3)years .different concentration of MS salts was teasted (half strength , full strength ,full half strength, dubel strength) and different concentration of sucrose(30,40,50,60) g/l. These explants were cultured on nutrient medium supplemented 1 g/l activated charcoal ,7 g/l agar ,3 mg/l NAA and cytokinins (2iP) 10 mg/l. Cultures were incubated in darkness for four months at 27±1 c0 and sub cultured was done every four weeks then the culture was transfer to lights at 1000 lux at periods16 hours daily the results showed that:
1- Results showed that the use full half strength of MS salts was stimulated to formation of lateral buds in short period was reached(187.6) days and led to have higher number of lateral buds(4.8) compared to the other concentration.

2-Used of 40 g/l sucrose which was reduced the period to formation of lateral buds was reached (190.5) days. significant compared to the other concentration. and led to have higher number of lateral buds(4.8).
3-Results showed that the use full half strength of MS salts and 40 g/l sucrose which was reduced the period to formation of lateral buds was reached (174) days. significant compared to the other concentration. and led to have higher number of lateral buds(7.3).

This study was carried out to determine effect of pesticides (Sulfur, Neoron (Bromopropylate 25% E.C.) and daily spring water)in some characteristics (physical, chemical & productivity)in date palm fruits CV Khadrawi.
Results showed that lower Abscission in Sulfur treatment was 9.02%while the higher
Abscission was 42.85% by baily spring water. The bigger moist weight of fruit & spath weight was (33.92,8320.89)gm respectively in neuron treatment pesticide.The results explained that the higher volume of fruit was (7.85)cm3 in Neoron pesticide treatment . The effect of different treatments in T.S.S. (Total solid solution) & total sugar in fruit was higher in Sulfur pesticide treatment (20.77,46.89)% respectively.

This study was conducted during growing season 2006 ,at three location in Basrah governorate (Abo Al-khaseeb ,Shatt Al-arrab and Al-Hartha)to study the distribution of ten rare cultivars of Date Palm (Al-khantar ;Am-Aldahen ;Al-Hasawi ;Al-ferssi ; Hewis ; Auidie ; Lelwy ;Assabeh Al-aross ; Nabayti ;and Al-khassab).
The questioniar was distributed in the three location of the study ,randomizely on specimen ,which was 30 orchards for each location. The result of study explained that the Shatt Al-arab location had the highest total area of the specimen (ten orchards),with significant difference than an other locations (Abo Al-khasseb and Al-Hartha),which reached 74.56 donum .Also, the result showed that Abo Al-kasseb location and Shaat Al-Arab recorded the highest total trees number per donum which were reached 72 and 69 trees/donum, respectively while they are 38 trees / donum in Al-Hartha location.
Abo Al-kasseb location was the first in the percentage of rare cultivars and yield average Kg/tree which reached 7.5 % and 42.86 Kg/tree, respectively.
The results proved that the Abo Al-kasseb location had the highest average of rare cultivars numbers per donum which reached 8 trees /donum , with significant difference than Shaat Al-arab and Al-Hartha which reached 4 and 3 trees/donum , respectively.

The Present study was conducted in the laboratory of plant tissue culture at the Palms and Dates Research Center, University of Basrah, to propagate some rare cultivars of date palm “ Phoenix dactylifera L.” grown in Basrah Governorate by tissue culture techniques. Apical and axillary buds and primordial leaves excised from 3-4 year-old healthy selected offshoots of cvs. , Khsab, Um Al-Dihin , Sheraify and Auwaidy were cultured on different MS nutrient media throughout the developmental steps of the meristematic explants. Media supplemented with 50 mg / l NAA and 3 mg/ l 2iP gave the highest percentage of primary callus inducement in all cultivars over the other treatments .Khsab cultivar gave the highest response in this respect as compared with the other cultivars .The combination treatment of 10 mg / l NAA and 3 mg/ l 2iP proved to be the best treatment for proliferation emberyogenic callus for all cultivars.The MS nutrient medium supplemented with 50 mg / l glutamine and 3 mg / l biotin gave the highest rate of embryogenic callus fresh weight for Um Al-Dihin cultivar. The use of 0.1 mg / l NAA and 5 mg /l 2iP in MS medium gave the highest percentage of somatic embryos formation from callus and also recorded the fastest appearance of embryos for all cultivars.Khsab and Um Al-Dihin cultivars differed significantly than Auwaidy and Sheraify cultivars in the period required for the appearance of somatic embryos . Um Al-Dihin cultivar recorded a significant increase in the number of somatic embryos while Auwaidy cultivar had the lowest number of embryos. The combination treatment of 0.1 mg / l NAA and 1 mg/ l 2iP recorded the highest rate of embryos germination for all cultivars .Increasing sucrose concentration from 30 to 45 gm/l in MS half strength media enhanced the germination of most embryos in Khsab cultivar.

This study was effectuated at Date Palm tissue culture laboratory. (Date Palm Research Center –Basrah University) to study the effect of age of offshots and type ,supplement time of explants on formation of lateral buds from quarter apical buds,sub meristemic regon and axillary buds of date palm offshoots c.v sayer. With different ages (1,2,3,4)years.
These explants were cultured on nutrient medium of (MS)salts full strength supplemented 30 g/l sucrose,1 g/l activated charcoal ,7 g/l agar ,3 mg/l NAA and cytokinins (2iP) 10 mg/l. Cultures were incubated in darkness for four months at 27±1 c0 and sub cultured was done every four weeks then the culture was transfer to lights at 1000 lux at periods16 hours daily the results showed that:
1-The best age of offshots for tissue cultuer (2 or 3) years which was reduced contamination and browning of explants and formation of lateral buds in few period was reached (168,175) days respectively.
2-Used of the quarter apical buds which was reduced contamination and browning of explants and stimulated to formation of lateral buds in short period was reached (178) days. significant compared to the other explants.
3-The best supplement time of explants for tissue culture was in (october) winter time, which was reduced contamination and browning of explants and formation of lateral buds in few period was reached (168) days. compared to the other supplement time.