Kirkuk Journal of Science

In this study , a solar collector has been costructed by using prous media (emery) as
absorbeing and storing surface. The solar collector is inclined of (
 45
) of the horizon.
Heat is absorbed from the solar collector by forced convection of air. The solar collector
was applied on building with dimensions (10 x 7 x 2.5 m ).The solar collector has been
studied in the active system. This has shown that it is of a medium performance that it
gives the highest rate of solar heat fraction ( SHF) about (0.52), which is a less value
than what is neede, so the solar collector needs a high auxiliary heater to keep the hall
temperature at (18 oC).

The igneous mass in Mawat Ophiolite Complex (MOC) is built up by various basic
and ultrabasic intrusions that are associated with minor acidic, intermediate and basic
intrusion. The present study was examined the minor acidic intrusions (plagiogranite),
with associated basic igneous rocks in order to understand the possible origin of these
rocks. The plagiogranite in MOC composed mainly of quartz and alkali feldspar with
rare Ca-plagioclase. These rocks are metaluminous, low-K calc-alkaline with
mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of oceanic plagiogranite (trondhjemite).
They are characterized by high Sr, Ba, Th, concentration and low Ni, and Cr contents.
They are also display chondrite – normalized REE patterns characterized by LREE
enrichment, moderate to minor HREE fractionation. Trace element distribution patterns
show that these rocks are distinctively enriched in large ions lithophile element LILE
compared to high field strength elements HFSE. This feature is commonly apparent in
volcanic arc granite. The origin of plagiogranite in MOC explained as a result of partial
melting of hydrated basaltic / gabbroic rocks.

The research aims for the selection of a suitable retaining wall amongst two
types of precast concrete walls under dynamic loads (wave pressure). The first wall is of
a triangular cross section and has the dimensions (3)m (in height) by (2.2) m (in width)
by (0.25-0.3) m (in thickness) and the width of piece (1.44) m. The second wall has
dimensions of (6.4)m (in height) , (3.5) m (base width) and thickness (0.18-0.3) m with
the width of piece (2) m .Tests were carried out on both to establish the stability
characteristics by the factor of displacement for the composite walls of both specimens,
and comparing the results with those of the theoretical analysis. The first specimen
showed very little displacement under dynamic loads resulted from a load of (125) kg of
charge weight at a distance (10) m , and compares reasonably with the analytical
calculations which give only (3-5) cm. The second specimen, with steel frame showed a
displacement of (5) cm compared to the calculated displacement of (14) cm when tested
from a load of (125) kg of charge at distance (15) m. The rotational characteristics and
overturning behavior for the walls, in both specimens showed no signs of rotation or
overturning .This was predicted by analysis since the subjected loads were well below
the required loads which caused rotation or overturning. The subjected loads were a
third and half of the required load for (rotation and overturning) for the first and second
specimens respectively. The results of the equations for both pressure and displacement
are greater than the experimental results. Also it was shown that the presence of
retaining precast walls did not prevent negative wave pressures and this is natural as it is
less effective than the positive wave pressure and its impact is limited on reinforced
concrete structures. The linear acceleration measured by linear acceleration devices
showed an acceleration equivalent to five times the earth gravitational acceleration
which reflects itself by shaking of the concrete walls. The vertical angle of inclination
of (20o) showed clear effect in dissipating wave pressure.

The Chia Gara Formation (M.Tithonian-Berriasian) from the well K-109 has been
studied in detail sedimentologically and from hydrocarbon potentiality point of view.
The studied rock samples obtained from the North Oil Company, Kirkuk. The formation
consists of alternation of dark fissile calcareous shale and organic-rich limestone layers
(argillaceous limestone). The limestone beds are thin and lacking any bioturbation. The
lower contact is conformable with the Barsarin Formation and the upper boundary is
gradational with the Karimia Formation. The radiolarian mudstone-wackestone is the
major microfacies in the succession. Nearly all radiolarians are filled by calcite as a
major diagenetic process.The TOC% has a range between 0.62% and 7.26%, with high
values in the lower part of the Formation. The type of organic matter is mostly brown
amorphous as seen in palynological slides and the TAI is about 3+.The Rock-Eval
Pyrolysis results indicate low value of HI and the type of kerogen is type II-S & III.
Several diagrams used for determining the type of kerogen,maturity and oil or gas
potentiality.The kerogen is mature and in oil zone.The sulfur content as determined
from CNS analyzer is high in the lower part of the sequence. All sedimentology and
organic geochemistry data reveal that the formation deposited in deep shelf basin
(Late Jurassic passive continental margin of the Arabian Plate) with quiet and warm
water. The euxinic environment can be concluded from the absence of microboring and
high rate organic matter preservation as well as the abundance of pyrite. The Chia Gara
sediments could be considered as an important source rock for petroleum in
accumulated oil in Kirkuk structure.

The Chia Gara Formation (M.Tithonian-Berriasian) from the well K-109 has been
studied in detail sedimentologically and from hydrocarbon potentiality point of view.
The studied rock samples obtained from the North Oil Company, Kirkuk. The formation
consists of alternation of dark fissile calcareous shale and organic-rich limestone layers
(argillaceous limestone). The limestone beds are thin and lacking any bioturbation. The
lower contact is conformable with the Barsarin Formation and the upper boundary is
gradational with the Karimia Formation. The radiolarian mudstone-wackestone is the
major microfacies in the succession. Nearly all radiolarians are filled by calcite as a
major diagenetic process.The TOC% has a range between 0.62% and 7.26%, with high
values in the lower part of the Formation. The type of organic matter is mostly brown
amorphous as seen in palynological slides and the TAI is about 3+.The Rock-Eval
Pyrolysis results indicate low value of HI and the type of kerogen is type II-S & III.
Several diagrams used for determining the type of kerogen,maturity and oil or gas
potentiality.The kerogen is mature and in oil zone.The sulfur content as determined
from CNS analyzer is high in the lower part of the sequence. All sedimentology and
organic geochemistry data reveal that the formation deposited in deep shelf basin
(Late Jurassic passive continental margin of the Arabian Plate) with quiet and warm
water. The euxinic environment can be concluded from the absence of microboring and
high rate organic matter preservation as well as the abundance of pyrite. The Chia Gara
sediments could be considered as an important source rock for petroleum in
accumulated oil in Kirkuk structure.

The Chia Gara Formation (M.Tithonian-Berriasian) from the well K-109 has been
studied in detail sedimentologically and from hydrocarbon potentiality point of view.
The studied rock samples obtained from the North Oil Company, Kirkuk. The formation
consists of alternation of dark fissile calcareous shale and organic-rich limestone layers
(argillaceous limestone). The limestone beds are thin and lacking any bioturbation. The
lower contact is conformable with the Barsarin Formation and the upper boundary is
gradational with the Karimia Formation. The radiolarian mudstone-wackestone is the
major microfacies in the succession. Nearly all radiolarians are filled by calcite as a
major diagenetic process.The TOC% has a range between 0.62% and 7.26%, with high
values in the lower part of the Formation. The type of organic matter is mostly brown
amorphous as seen in palynological slides and the TAI is about 3+.The Rock-Eval
Pyrolysis results indicate low value of HI and the type of kerogen is type II-S & III.
Several diagrams used for determining the type of kerogen,maturity and oil or gas
potentiality.The kerogen is mature and in oil zone.The sulfur content as determined
from CNS analyzer is high in the lower part of the sequence. All sedimentology and
organic geochemistry data reveal that the formation deposited in deep shelf basin
(Late Jurassic passive continental margin of the Arabian Plate) with quiet and warm
water. The euxinic environment can be concluded from the absence of microboring and
high rate organic matter preservation as well as the abundance of pyrite. The Chia Gara
sediments could be considered as an important source rock for petroleum in
accumulated oil in Kirkuk structure.

In this study which has been done between November 2005 and March 2006, 50
frogs (Rana ridibunda ridibunda ) were collected from Kirkuk governorate (Kirkuk city
, Dubis , Taza and Kara injeer ) and examined for digenetic trematodes .Three species of
digenetic trematodes Haematoloechus medioplexus , Pleurogenoides medians and
Gorgoderina vitelliloba were observed. These species were first recorded in Iraq.

The present study is concerned with quantitative analysis of Iodine in drinking water
of Nasrya and Kirkuk areas by using amplification reaction s-spectrophotometer
method. As a result of the differences in geological setting of both areas, an appreciable
increase in Iodine relative to the stations at Nasrya comparison of stations at Kirkuk .
The detail analytical data show a decrease in Iodine content during treatment of raw
water at the pumping stations of both areas , where as comparison of analytical data
points out higher Iodine content ( once and half times ) in drinking water at Nasrya
relative to Kirkuk areas .The geographical location of Nasrya area nearby Al-Ahwar
region , the sea source of the dominant local foods and the nature of the local soil in
addition to higher Iodine content its drinking water, favor reduction in the IDD patients
at Nasrya relative to Kirkuk areas . Such conclusion is confirmed by the available
statistics of the numbers of IDD patients at both areas during (1985-1990), however , at
later period (1991-1997) , this trend of statistics differs noticeably , as showing by the
ratio of the number of patient at Nasrya to Kirkuk area ranged between (0.54 - 0.78)
compared to ( 0.20 – 0.52 ) during previous period ( 1985 – 1990 ) . The present
study discusses the effective factors in in the variation of statistic. Among such factors
is the increase in hardness of drinking water at Nasrya area ( 1.196 ml mohs / cm )
compared to ( 0.463 ml mohs / cm ) at Kirkuk area . Sulphide and other elements
contributes to the hardness of water , however , its abundance in water leads to
reduction of the available Iodine for absorption during human biological processes .

A rapid and sensitive high performance liquid chromatographic method has been
developed , validated and applied for the determination of famotidine and
ranitidine.HCl in pharmaceutical preparations.The effects of pH, mobile phase
composition and concentration of organic modifiers on retention of the investigated
drugs were studied. Famotidine and ranitidine.HCl were chromatographically separated
from tablets using two columns of different polarity ; Lichrosorb RP-18 ( 15cm x
4.6mm i.d ) 5μm particle size and Lichrosorb RP-8 (25cm x 4.6mm i.d ) 5-10 μm
particle size with mobile phase composed of 20:80 v/v of acetonitrile in 0.2% diethyl
amine in water (pH=3). UV detection was set at 270nm for famotidine and 322nm for
ranitidine.HCl . The calibration graph was linear in the concentration range of 20-70μg
.ml-1 for famotidine and 20-120μg .ml-1
for ranitidine. The RSD% was not more than
0.85% and relative error between -0.75-2.08% indicating a good precision and accuracy.
The limits of detection were found to be (1.13) and (0.83)μg.ml-1
for famotidine and ranitidine.HCl respectively with recoveries ranged from 98 to 99% .

The research deals with the proposing of robust formula for the
accumulate prediction error (APE) criterion which is used in selecting
regression model. The proposed formula evaluated with a simulation study. The
formula performed very well against outliers than other robust criteria used in
this area especially in the case of small samples.

In this paper, we consider the linear system of Fredholm integral equation of the
second kind. Three methods are used to solve this system, successive approximation
method, Aitken's method depending on successive approximation method and a new
procedure which is Aitken's method depending on Adomian decomposition method. A
comparison between approximate and exact results for two numerical examples
depending on the least-square error, are given to show the accuracy of the results
obtained by using these methods.

The best spectral CG-algorithm which is introduced by (Birgin &Martinez) and
(Andrei. N) is modified in this paper by a hybrid search direction to overcome the
lackness positive definiteness of the matrix defining the search direction.Two
successive scalar parameters are introduced in this paper which are satisfy QN-like
condition.These parameters are combined in such away to give a hybrid scaled search
direction.The new proposed algorithm is still global convergent both theoretically and
numerically.Computational results for (43) unconstrained test functions(Andri.N)show
that the new algorithm substantially outperform the well- known(Andrei.N) scaled
algorithm including the spectral (Birgin & Martinez) algorithm .

This study was carried out in Apricot Orchard in garderashe field – salahhadeen
university - Erbil. Two cultivators are used harrow disk & tine chisel with two forward
speeds are (4 km/ hr) & (6km/hr) with three depths are (5-8 cm),(8-12 cm)& (12-15 cm)
and affects this factors on; 1- Mechanization parameters: slippage percentage and weed
controlled percentage. 2- Plants parameters: the told of the trees, the told of the main
branch of the trees and number of fruits for one tree. Then using of randomized
complete block design. The statistical results illustrated; the effect of the cultivators on
all parameters: Superlative of the harrow disk significantly on all parameters than tine
chisel. The effect interaction between cultivators with speeds and with depths on all
parameters: The treatment of the harrow disk with second speed with second depth is
recorded highest ratio of weeds control (85.24%) and highest number of fruits for one
tree (530). The harrow disk is suitable in Orchard than the tine chisel.

This study was conducted at three locations differ in their textures and land uses at
Nineva Governorate to estimate the matric potential at wetting front under field
condition for both planted / unplanted soils, by applying some equation depends on
hydraulic functions during water infiltration in double ring infiltrometer. Results
indicated that the values of matric potential at wetting front as a function of volumetric
water contents were more accurate than the values of matric potential as a function of
the hydraulic conductivity . On the other hand , results indicated that the value of matric
potential as a function of both soil texture , saturated and unsaturated hydraulic
conductives were diffrent. Also, the value of matric as a function of measured and
calcluted air- entry were relatd to pore size distribution .

Our aim in this paper is: to give some properties of zero-symmetric left centrally
prime near-rings, then looking for those conditions which make zero-symmetric left
centrally prime near-rings abelian, so that several conditions are given under which
zero-symmetric left centrally prime near-rings become abelian.

Two hundred and twenty four Japanse quail females ( 42 days old ) were randomly
fed control diet and with thirteen diets contained two levels ( 0.4 and 0.8% ) of each
local mineral muds: M – T, K and A. S. B with or without 2.0mg of AF/kg diet for 8
weeks. The statistical analysis showed significant decrease ( P ≤ 0.05 ) the value of the
haematological and serum biochemical parameters and some blood enzymes activity
( GOT, GPT and ALP ) of the quail females fed diet contaminated with 2.0mg of AF/kg
diet. The addition of the natural adsorbents ( M–T,K and A. B. S ) led to significant
correct the abnormality of the haematological, serum biochemical parameters and
activity of some blood enzymes except the value of MCHC by addiding 0.8% of M – T
or K, mud noted there were no significant differences between the efficiency the three
kinds of natural muds used in this study.

The experiment was carried out at Karkuk Governorate through 2005 season to study
the response of yield and some of its components foe Lachata and Coker310 varieties to
different picking times using RCBDesign in split plots in time with tthree replications,
different picking of seed cotton were taken (as sup plots) from the two cotton varieties
(planted in main plots).Data were taken on traits: seed cotton yield per plant, number of
opened bolls per plant, boll weight, lint index, seed index and ginning outturn.The
results showed that the mean square for varieties was significant for all traits except boll
weight, and for picking times was significant for all traitsK and the interaction among
them was significant only for seed index and ginning outturn. The variety Lachata was
superior than coker310 for seedcotton yield, ginning outturn and number of opened boll,
while Coker310 was superior for seed and lint indices. The early picking date shown
higher values af all traits means except ginning outturn which reaches its lowest value at
early picking time. From trend analysis study for picking times effect, it was shown that
the response of seedcotton yield, ginning outturn, seed index and number of opened boll
to picking times was cubic, while it was linear and quadratic for lint index and boll
weight respectively (determination coefficients for all these relationships ranged from
94.5% for lint index to 99.9% for boll weight).