Iraqi Journal For Economic Sciences

The Iraqi reality misses the foundations of good governance in Iraq, as well as the comprehensive development programs that produce economic and financial reforms, especially in the federal budget, which is characterized as a fragile, weak and vocal budget. Therefore, it came as a modest attempt to shed light on the justifications for achieving good and good governance and efficient planning for the federal budget in its expenditures and revenues. The public, which contributes to building the state and achieving sustainable development that helps solve the main community problems, reduce poverty indicators, reduce unemployment, provide housing and basic services for all components of Iraqi society, and one of the doors to good and rational governance is the efficient management of the federal budget in Iraq, which is represented by efficient planning for managing public money. And protecting it from corruption is in addition to the many problems that fiscal policy suffers from, including weak non-oil financial revenues and dependence on oil revenues, and the growing deficit in budget planning and reliance in particular on foreign debt in the face of the deficit, and solutions are not impossible but need a national administration to achieve them

The index of the total productivity factor is one of the most important measures expressing the efficiency of resource use, and an important indicator of technological development among the countries of the world. His great contribution to economic growth reveals his ability to lead economic growth.
The strong negative changes taking place in the total factor productivity of the country confirm a series of successive events such as the decline in economic growth (negative growth), for example the decline in total productivity during the Great Depression of 1929, and the slowdown in total productivity in the United States of America in the seventies. On the other hand, achieving distinct real economic growth means improved efficiency and performance and a clear rise in the efficiency of resource utilization accompanied by a distinctive technological development for the country concerned, as has happened in China for the past two decades

The research aims to identify the most important structural imbalances that impede the process of economic development, and then the most important requirements and conditions for the transition from a unilateral economy to a diversified economy capable of achieving sustainable and self-growth economic development.
The research found the need to raise the contribution of the commodity sectors to the gross domestic product, and then reduce the proportion of rentier resources in this output by removing the structural imbalances that stand in the way of raising the contribution of the non-oil economic sectors, and it is also necessary to reconsider the state’s general budget by diversifying public revenues. And the rationality of disposing of public money and making this a priority of fiscal policy and refraining from relying on the public administration to create job opportunities by supporting the private sector and increasing the proportion of investment in the budget at the expense of reducing unnecessary expenditure items from current expenditures, given that supporting and developing the private sector and raising the proportion of investment expenditures in the budget It will create new real job opportunities and reduce unemployment

This research aims to diagnose the reality of the contribution of public investment spending to the structural transformation in the Iraqi economy by using the descriptive analytical method. The weak relationship between public investment spending and structural transformation has been found as a result of weak investment allocations directed to the productive sectors that can contribute to correcting the imbalance in the production structure.
On the basis of this, the research stressed the need to increase public investment spending in order to stimulate the work of the investment multiplier and accelerator, which would contribute to correcting the production structure and achieving structural transformation in the Iraqi economy

The research aims to diagnose the obstacles that hinder the implementation of the economic reform program in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq, with reference to the reasons for the failure of previous economic reform programs in the region, and to indicate the extent of citizens’ confidence in implementing the economic reform in the region, as well as evaluating the economic reform law of the new government for the year 2020. The research reached a set of results, including:
1- There is no time limit for implementing the economic reform process.
2- Efficient and specialized cadres in the field of economic

Iraq faces great challenges, the most important of which are terrorism, economic corruption, and the rentier economy. The countries have disintegrated and collapsed after 2003 after the US occupation and the change of the previous political regime. The Iraqi economy has faced rampant corruption in various economic sectors, economic mafias, and the inability of successive Iraqi governments to address the imbalances in the Iraqi economy, and then terrorist organizations spread. Conflicts, destruction, displacement, and large financial spending on military operations and on fictitious and unproductive projects began since 2003 until Iraq’s victory over terrorism, which destroyed the country and the people, especially the Western regions of Iraq. Accordingly, the start of comprehensive economic reform, while limiting the phenomenon of financial and administrative corruption in the joints of the economic sectors in Iraq, and the reconstruction of cities and areas liberated from terrorist gangs, as well as developing appropriate plans and strategies to enhance the economy’s ability to advance the deteriorating reality and depends mainly on oil revenues. , and this needs to expedite the development of solutions and treatments to advance the economic reality, through diversifying the Iraqi economy in order to increase and diversify exports, reduce imports to provide hard currencies derived from oil revenues, encourage foreign investments in various economic sectors, and build adequate housing for the majority of the Iraqi people who suffer From economic corruption, terrorist operations, and building an economy that depends primarily on local natural and human resources.

This study aimed to estimate and analyze the productivity of a sample of commercial banks in Yemen, and the technical relationship and its substitution between the inputs on the one hand, and between them and the outputs on the other hand, with an indication of the efficiency of these banks, where the focus was placed on the two production functions with fixed substitution elasticity by approximating a potential, and a function Cobb-Duclas production based on balanced cross-sectional time-series data during the period (2000-2014); The number of views of the study was 90 views.
The results of the study showed that the production function (Cobb-Duclas) is the most appropriate in estimating and explaining the behavior of the production process of the commercial banks in the study sample. and that the productive share of the capital component is greater than that of the labor component. Finally, the results showed that it is possible to replace and exchange between production elements.

The research aims to measure the impact of the capital deposited for non-Iraqi investors and the investor in the shares of companies listed in the Iraqi Stock Exchange on the market value of those companies, as well as studying the impact of the total foreign capital deposited in the sectors listed in the market on the market value of those sectors, and analyzing the value of the capital deposited and the market value of the sample companies. To achieve the research objective, (15) listed companies were selected for the period (2012-2020). The research relied on four main hypotheses, the most important of which is “there is no significant effect of deposited foreign capital on the market value of companies.” The results of the (F) statistical test revealed the presence of the effect of deposited capital for non-Iraqis on the market value of companies.

This research talks about the financial technology that has recently begun to appear in the financial sector around the world, and which promises that it will either be the most important competitor to this sector, or the best available way for it to develop. This research talks about the impact of that technology on the Iraqi banking sector in terms of being an opportunity or a threat to it. The problem that this research addresses is: Is the adoption of financial technology, despite its risks, by the Iraqi banking sector will benefit it? Or will those risks be predominant in the end? It stems from the premise that financial technology is one of the most important opportunities available to the Iraqi banking sector. The research reached several conclusions, the most important of which is that financial technology is indeed an opportunity that is not a threat to the Iraqi banking sector (at least for now), but rather it is one of the most important opportunities available to it, so it must follow an offensive remedial strategy by the banking sector using its strengths that Including high levels of security and confidence, which creates the appropriate environment to exploit its opportunities.

The banking system is one of the key elements of building the economy and enhancing the financial stability of the country, and this importance comes from the role of banks operating in it as depository institutions and intermediaries between supply and demand units, in addition to modern banking services and payment systems that increase the efficiency and effectiveness of economic activity. Therefore, we find that liquidity risk indicators are important indicators that reflect the activity of banks, which at the same time may reflect a misleading picture of the positions of banks in terms of the strength of their balance sheets and the extent to which they adhere and adhere to the standards and instructions issued by the Central Bank, and thus bank liquidity is the basis of the work of banks and is considered the backbone of them, but depends on the work of banks, which reflects their impact on the financial stability situation. This importance led us to choose the subject of the study where the study aimed to determine the impact of bank liquidity risks on financial stability, this study was conducted on the Iraqi banking system and for the period 2019-2005, and the descriptive analytical approach was adopted based on data and information about government and private banks and taken from the official bodies represented by the Central Bank of Iraq. The research at the end of the study found a set of conclusions, including that both government and private banks suffer from limited credit and investment activity, causing a rise in liquidity ratios and liquid assets, which of course means the accumulation of non-profit liquid funds, which greatly affects their financial stability and exposes them to different risks that ultimately affect the stability of the financial system and this proves the validity of the study hypothesis

The importance of the research lies in revealing the ability of private Iraqi commercial banks to maximize bank returns by attracting investments in the Iraq Stock Exchange, and the aim of the research is to how to manage the investment portfolio of private Iraqi commercial banks in the Iraq Stock Exchange and in a manner that achieves the highest return and the least risk, in addition In order to know which of those banks has an optimal portfolio, the research assumed that there was an effect of forming an investment portfolio in maximizing the return and reducing the risks for the banks. Statistical methods such as the variance rate, standard deviation and (beta) coefficient were used in measuring the return and risk of stocks to analyze the data. In the fluctuation of the achieved return of shares and the achieved return of the market from one year to another within the period, as well as the change in risk for bank shares from one year to another and during the period and the researcher made some proposals in the form of recommendations to increase the effectiveness of these banks in their investments, the most important of which was how to manage the investment portfolio in banks and increase investment awareness The investors and the need to adhere to the instructions of the Iraq Stock Exchange, as well as work to attract harm Invest in order to increase circulation in the market.