Abstract
This study was carried in a tissue culture laboratory of the Date Palm Research Centre - University of Basrah to propagate three cultivars of date palm (Boraim - Ashkar - Sayer) by tissue culture and then a process of acclimation laboratory.
callus taking fetal age 6 months and planted in the MS media ,were obtained on somatic embryos that were vegetative germination on the same media with modified components and obtain plantlets mentioned and explained the results of the study include:
1 – somatic embryos was very high in ashkar with significant difference in comparison with boraim and sayer resulting from vegetable cultivation 100 mg of callus was 19.56, while the 14.39 in the category of fetal Sayer, fell to 9.76 in the category of Boraim.
2 – it was found that Average number of roots in Boraim 4.05 and the rate of root length 6.49 cm with significant difference in comparison with Sayer and ashkar, while the average number of leaves increase in ashkar with significant difference in comparison with the other cultivars 3.40.
3 – the sand,peatmoss and perlite medium (2;1;1) showed a high efficiency on the acclimatized plantlets which reached 90% in ashkar with significant difference with the another cultivars (70%) in sayer and boraim.
4 - The content of the leaves tissue cultured plantlets of date palm derived from tissue culture was very small amount of chlorophyll, and that this ratio begins to increase gradually during the acclimation, the total amount of chlorophyll is 1.01 mg / 100 g fresh weight in the ashkar, 2.47 mg / 100 g fresh weight after 4 weeks of acclimatization and then amounted to 4.97 mg / 100 g fresh weight after 8 weeks.
callus taking fetal age 6 months and planted in the MS media ,were obtained on somatic embryos that were vegetative germination on the same media with modified components and obtain plantlets mentioned and explained the results of the study include:
1 – somatic embryos was very high in ashkar with significant difference in comparison with boraim and sayer resulting from vegetable cultivation 100 mg of callus was 19.56, while the 14.39 in the category of fetal Sayer, fell to 9.76 in the category of Boraim.
2 – it was found that Average number of roots in Boraim 4.05 and the rate of root length 6.49 cm with significant difference in comparison with Sayer and ashkar, while the average number of leaves increase in ashkar with significant difference in comparison with the other cultivars 3.40.
3 – the sand,peatmoss and perlite medium (2;1;1) showed a high efficiency on the acclimatized plantlets which reached 90% in ashkar with significant difference with the another cultivars (70%) in sayer and boraim.
4 - The content of the leaves tissue cultured plantlets of date palm derived from tissue culture was very small amount of chlorophyll, and that this ratio begins to increase gradually during the acclimation, the total amount of chlorophyll is 1.01 mg / 100 g fresh weight in the ashkar, 2.47 mg / 100 g fresh weight after 4 weeks of acclimatization and then amounted to 4.97 mg / 100 g fresh weight after 8 weeks.
Abstract
اﺠرﯿت ﻫذﻩ اﻟدراﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﺒر زراﻋﺔ اﻷﻨﺴﺠﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﻟﻤرﻛز أﺒﺤﺎث اﻟﻨﺨﯿل-ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ اﻟﺒﺼرة ﺒﻬدف إﻛﺜﺎر
ﺜﻼﺜﺔ أﺼﻨﺎف ﻤن ﻨﺨﯿل اﻟﺘﻤر )اﻟﺒرﯿم-اﻷﺸﻘر-اﻟﺴﺎﯿر( ﺒﺘﻘﺎﻨﺔ زراﻋﺔ اﻷﻨﺴﺠﺔ وﻤن ﺜم إﺠراء ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ
اﻷﻗﻠﻤﺔ ﻤﺨﺘﺒرﯿﺎً .
اﺴﺘﺨدم ﻛﺎﻟس ﺠﻨﯿﻨﻲ ﺒﻌﻤر ٦ أﺸﻬر وزرع ﻓﻲ وﺴط ﻏذاﺌﻲ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ اﻟﺼﻠب وﺘم اﻟﺤﺼول ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺠﻨﺔ
اﻷﺼﻨﺎف
واﻟﺤﺼول ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺒﯿﺘﺎت
اﻟﺨﻀرﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺘم اﻨﺒﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻔس اﻟوﺴط ﻤﻊ ﺘﻌدﯿل ﻤﻛوﻨﺎﺘﻪ
اﻟﻤذﻛورة وأوﻀﺤت ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ اﻟدراﺴﺔ ﻤﺎ ﯿﻠﻲ:
-١ﺘﻔوق ﺼﻨف اﻷﺸﻘر وﺒﻔﺎرق ﻤﻌﻨوي ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌدل ﻋدد اﻷﺠﻨﺔ اﻟﺨﻀرﯿﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻤن زراﻋﺔ ١٠٠ ﻤﻠﻐم
ﻤن اﻟﻛﺎﻟس اﻟﺠﻨﯿﻨﻲ إذ ﺒﻠﻎ ١٩,٥٦ ﺠﻨﯿﻨﺎً،ﻓﻲ ﺤﯿن ﺒﻠﻎ ١٤,٣٩ ﺠﻨﯿﻨ اﻲً ﻓﻲ ﺼﻨف اﻟﺴﺎﯿر واﻨﺨﻔض إﻟﻰ
٩,٧٦ ﺠﻨﯿ انً ﻓﻲ ﺼﻨف اﻟﺒرﯿم.
-٢ﺒﻠﻎ ﻤﻌدل ﻋدد اﻟﺠذور ﻓﻲ ﺼﻨف اﻟﺒرﯿم ٤,٠٥ ﺠذر وﻤﻌدل طول اﻟﺠذر ٦,٤٩ ﺴم وﺒﻔﺎرق ﻤﻌﻨوي
ﻋن ﺼﻨﻔﻲ اﻷﺸﻘر واﻟﺴﺎﯿر،ﻓﻲ ﺤﯿن ﺘﻔوق ﺼﻨف اﻷﺸﻘر ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌدل ﻋدد اﻷوراق ﻟﻛل ﻨﺒﯿت وﺒﻔﺎرق
ﻤﻌﻨوي ﻋن ﺼﻨﻔﻲ اﻟﺒرﯿم واﻟﺴﺎﯿر إذ ﺒﻠﻎ ٣,٤٠ ورﻗﺔ ﻟﻛل ﻨﺒﯿت.
-٣ازدﯿﺎد اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌوﯿﺔ ﻟﻠنﺒﯿﺘﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺄﻗﻠﻤﺔ ﻟﺼﻨف اﻷﺸﻘر ﻋﻨد زراﻋﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ وﺴط زراﻋﻲ ﺤﺎوي ﻋﻠﻰ
وﺒﻔﺎرق ﻤﻌﻨوي ﻋن ﺼﻨﻔﻲ اﻟﺒرﯿم
%٩٠
إذ ﺒﻠﻐت
١:١:٢
اﻟرﻤل واﻟﺒﯿﺘﻤوس واﻟﺒﯿرﻻﯿت ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ
واﻟﺴﺎﯿر.(%٧٠)
-٤ إن ﻤﺤﺘوى أوراق ﻨﺒﯿﺘﺎت ﻨﺨﯿل اﻟﺘﻤر اﻟﻤﻛﺜرة ﺒزراﻋﺔ اﻷﻨﺴﺠﺔ ذو ﻛﻤﯿﺔ ﻗﻠﯿﻠﺔ ﺠداً ﻤن اﻟﻛﻠوروﻓﯿل وان ﻫذﻩ ا ﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺘﺒدأ ﺒﺎﻟزﯿﺎدة ﺒﺼورة ﺘدرﯿﺠﯿﺔ أﺜﻨﺎء اﻷﻗﻠﻤﺔ،ﻓﻘد ﺒﻠﻐت ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﻛﻠوروﻓﯿل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺒﯿﺘﺎت ﻏﯿر
اﻟﻤؤﻗﻠﻤﺔ ١,٠١ﻤﻠﻐم١٠٠/ﻏم وزﻨﺎً طرﯿﺎً ﻓﻲ ﺼﻨف اﻷﺸﻘر ووﺼﻠت إﻟﻰ ٢,٤٧ ﻤﻠﻐم١٠٠/ﻏم وزﻨﺎً طرﯿﺎً
ﺒﻌد ٤ أﺴﺎﺒﯿﻊ ﻤن اﻷﻗﻠﻤﺔ ﺜم ﺒﻠﻐت ٤,٩٧ ﻤﻠﻐم١٠٠/ﻏم وزﻨﺎً طرﯿﺎً ﺒﻌد ٨ أﺴﺎﺒﯿﻊ .
ﺜﻼﺜﺔ أﺼﻨﺎف ﻤن ﻨﺨﯿل اﻟﺘﻤر )اﻟﺒرﯿم-اﻷﺸﻘر-اﻟﺴﺎﯿر( ﺒﺘﻘﺎﻨﺔ زراﻋﺔ اﻷﻨﺴﺠﺔ وﻤن ﺜم إﺠراء ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ
اﻷﻗﻠﻤﺔ ﻤﺨﺘﺒرﯿﺎً .
اﺴﺘﺨدم ﻛﺎﻟس ﺠﻨﯿﻨﻲ ﺒﻌﻤر ٦ أﺸﻬر وزرع ﻓﻲ وﺴط ﻏذاﺌﻲ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ اﻟﺼﻠب وﺘم اﻟﺤﺼول ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺠﻨﺔ
اﻷﺼﻨﺎف
واﻟﺤﺼول ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺒﯿﺘﺎت
اﻟﺨﻀرﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺘم اﻨﺒﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻔس اﻟوﺴط ﻤﻊ ﺘﻌدﯿل ﻤﻛوﻨﺎﺘﻪ
اﻟﻤذﻛورة وأوﻀﺤت ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ اﻟدراﺴﺔ ﻤﺎ ﯿﻠﻲ:
-١ﺘﻔوق ﺼﻨف اﻷﺸﻘر وﺒﻔﺎرق ﻤﻌﻨوي ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌدل ﻋدد اﻷﺠﻨﺔ اﻟﺨﻀرﯿﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻤن زراﻋﺔ ١٠٠ ﻤﻠﻐم
ﻤن اﻟﻛﺎﻟس اﻟﺠﻨﯿﻨﻲ إذ ﺒﻠﻎ ١٩,٥٦ ﺠﻨﯿﻨﺎً،ﻓﻲ ﺤﯿن ﺒﻠﻎ ١٤,٣٩ ﺠﻨﯿﻨ اﻲً ﻓﻲ ﺼﻨف اﻟﺴﺎﯿر واﻨﺨﻔض إﻟﻰ
٩,٧٦ ﺠﻨﯿ انً ﻓﻲ ﺼﻨف اﻟﺒرﯿم.
-٢ﺒﻠﻎ ﻤﻌدل ﻋدد اﻟﺠذور ﻓﻲ ﺼﻨف اﻟﺒرﯿم ٤,٠٥ ﺠذر وﻤﻌدل طول اﻟﺠذر ٦,٤٩ ﺴم وﺒﻔﺎرق ﻤﻌﻨوي
ﻋن ﺼﻨﻔﻲ اﻷﺸﻘر واﻟﺴﺎﯿر،ﻓﻲ ﺤﯿن ﺘﻔوق ﺼﻨف اﻷﺸﻘر ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌدل ﻋدد اﻷوراق ﻟﻛل ﻨﺒﯿت وﺒﻔﺎرق
ﻤﻌﻨوي ﻋن ﺼﻨﻔﻲ اﻟﺒرﯿم واﻟﺴﺎﯿر إذ ﺒﻠﻎ ٣,٤٠ ورﻗﺔ ﻟﻛل ﻨﺒﯿت.
-٣ازدﯿﺎد اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌوﯿﺔ ﻟﻠنﺒﯿﺘﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺄﻗﻠﻤﺔ ﻟﺼﻨف اﻷﺸﻘر ﻋﻨد زراﻋﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ وﺴط زراﻋﻲ ﺤﺎوي ﻋﻠﻰ
وﺒﻔﺎرق ﻤﻌﻨوي ﻋن ﺼﻨﻔﻲ اﻟﺒرﯿم
%٩٠
إذ ﺒﻠﻐت
١:١:٢
اﻟرﻤل واﻟﺒﯿﺘﻤوس واﻟﺒﯿرﻻﯿت ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ
واﻟﺴﺎﯿر.(%٧٠)
-٤ إن ﻤﺤﺘوى أوراق ﻨﺒﯿﺘﺎت ﻨﺨﯿل اﻟﺘﻤر اﻟﻤﻛﺜرة ﺒزراﻋﺔ اﻷﻨﺴﺠﺔ ذو ﻛﻤﯿﺔ ﻗﻠﯿﻠﺔ ﺠداً ﻤن اﻟﻛﻠوروﻓﯿل وان ﻫذﻩ ا ﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺘﺒدأ ﺒﺎﻟزﯿﺎدة ﺒﺼورة ﺘدرﯿﺠﯿﺔ أﺜﻨﺎء اﻷﻗﻠﻤﺔ،ﻓﻘد ﺒﻠﻐت ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﻛﻠوروﻓﯿل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺒﯿﺘﺎت ﻏﯿر
اﻟﻤؤﻗﻠﻤﺔ ١,٠١ﻤﻠﻐم١٠٠/ﻏم وزﻨﺎً طرﯿﺎً ﻓﻲ ﺼﻨف اﻷﺸﻘر ووﺼﻠت إﻟﻰ ٢,٤٧ ﻤﻠﻐم١٠٠/ﻏم وزﻨﺎً طرﯿﺎً
ﺒﻌد ٤ أﺴﺎﺒﯿﻊ ﻤن اﻷﻗﻠﻤﺔ ﺜم ﺒﻠﻐت ٤,٩٧ ﻤﻠﻐم١٠٠/ﻏم وزﻨﺎً طرﯿﺎً ﺒﻌد ٨ أﺴﺎﺒﯿﻊ .