Basrah Journal For Date Palm Research

The present study was conducted at the laboratories of tissue culture of the
Date Palm Research Centre-Basra University to determine the effect of the
interaction between the culture filtrate of the antagonistic fungus Trichoderma
harzianum and the type of the explants, as well as the growth regulators on the
formation of lateral buds of the date palm in vitro.
The results of the present study were as follow:
1-The obtained results approved the positive effect of the culture filtrate of the
fungus T. harzianum in reducing the browning percentage of the treated callus,
the percent was 53.3% in the control treatment and reduced up to 36.6% in the
percent of 20% of the culture filtrate. The culture filtrate of 30% led to decrease
the time requirements for the formation of lateral buds up to 206.6 days
compared to other concentrations.
2- The results showed that the type of the explants had a significant effect on the
following tested parameters: the percentage of browning; lateral bud formation
and the time requirements for bud formation. The quarters of apical bud as
explants showed the most promising results for the above-mentioned parameters
compared to the area of the under meristem or auxiliary bud as explants. In
addition, the types of cytokinins had a positive effect on the induction of the bud
formation and decrease the time requirements for bud formation, especially with
the concentration of 2 mg/l of 2ip.

The present study were conducted for estimation of fatty acids oil seeds for
four cultivars of date palm(Phoenix dactylifera L) Dayeri , Ashrase, Chibchab
and Sukry . The percentage of the oil seeds extraction found is: Dayeri ٨.٥ %,
Chibchab ٦.٧% , Ashrase ٦% and Sukry 5% . The fatty acids were
determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, the constituents of fatty
acids (calculated %relative to total fatty acid constituents) in Dayeri were:
Unsaturated fatty acids Oleic acid ٤٥.٢١ %and Linoleic ٨.٧١ % whilst the
saturated fatty acids were: lauric acid ١٣.٢٦%, palmitic acid , ١٢.١٠%, Myristic
acid ١٠.٢%, Stearic acid 4.31% . For Ashrase, the found fatty acids were:
Unsaturated fatty acids Oleic acid ٤٤.٣٠ %and Linoleic ٩.٢٦ % whilst the
saturated fatty acids were: lauric acid ١٣. ٥٠%, palmitic acid , ١٢.٧٠%, Myristic
acid ١١.٨١%, Stearic acid 4.3٦% . in Chibchab were: Unsaturated fatty acids
Oleic acid %٣٩.٩٢ and Linoleic ٢٣.٢١% whilst the saturated fatty acids were:
palmitic acid , ١1.67% , lauric acid 9.٣٤%, Myristic acid ٨.٧٤%, Stearic acid
4.٢٤% . in Sukry were: Unsaturated fatty acids Oleic acid ٤٥.٤٩ % and
Linoleic ٩.٥٠ % whilst the saturated fatty acids were: palmitic acid , ١٢.٧7%
, lauric acid ١٢.٦٥%, Myristic acid ١١.١٠%, Stearic acid 4.٣٢%, .
key Words :, date palm, date stones, , fatty acid , gas chromatograp

This present research has been conducted to estimate the activity of four insecticides
cypermethrin 10% EC, monocrotophos 40% SC, Methomyl 90% WP and Chlorfenapyr 24%
SL against saw grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis .
Results showed that cypermethrin has a highest toxicity among tested insecticides, the
LC50 was 0.0107 ppm, while monocrotophos has a lowest of toxicity and LC50 which was
0.105 ppm.
Results of activity of insecticides residues showed that cypermethrin has a significant
effect on the mortality which were 62.75 and 63.98 % for first and second treatment ,
respectively, while monocrotophos has a lowest level of mortality which were 35.00 and
36.51 % for first and second treatment, respectively , the concentration 300ppm has a highest
of mortality which were 53.30 and 54.12% for first and second treatment, respectively, while
the concentration 100ppm has a lowest level of mortality which were 46.10 and 46.17% for
first and second treatment, respectively. The period 1 day after treatment recorded a highest of
mortality which were 81.72 and 79.53% for first and second treatment, respectively, while the
period 21 days after treatment gave a lowest level of mortality which were 6.75 and 8.17 %
for first and second treatment, respectively.
Results showed that cypermethrin has a longest of LT50 which was 11.48days, while
monocrotophos has shortest of LT50 which was 3.67 days.

The oil content and fatty acid profile of five cultivars date seeds (Hallawi,
Barhee, Sayer , Khadrawi and Zahdi ) were measure by Gas Chromatography. Oil
content range ( 15.358-17.762%), 10 - 11 fatty acids were found and it was showed
that unsaturated fatty acids higher content ( 53.267 – 58.482%) than the saturated
fatty acids(41.516-46.733%) , while the main unsaturated fatty acid was oleic acid
(44.653 – 49.185%) then the main saturated fatty acid was lauric acid ( 16.594-
20.029%) , the differences between simples were refer to both varietal and culture
of conditions.
The result of study showed that date seed content a large quantity of oils and
unsaturated fatty acids so it could used in many performance production not only
used for animal feed.

Three species of Candida Spp.were isolated and identified as
Candida albicans ,Candida Sp. and C. tropicalis from 60 infection
patients with mucocandidiasis with isolation percentage of 50,40 and
10%respectively.Several phenolic compounds has been extracted from
different parts of date palm including fruits,seeds and meristels of the
zahdi cultivar.
Results showed non significuns differences among these parts in
their phenolic content. The inhibition activity of the total phenols against
the yeasts C. albicans , Candida sp.and C. tropicalis proved high
inhibition activites at concentration of 10,20,40,80 and100% mg/ml which
were10.78,15.89,23.33,23.8 and 45.22 respectively.
Also results showed that the tested phenolic compounds had no
toxic effect on the humman body .

This study showed that A. alternata has ability to cause the shoot holes
Disease on date palms Phoenix dactylifera L leaves. It also explained the
difference of date palm cultivars in their sensitivity to infection. Where cultivar
Sayer showed the highest rate of the disease. Terms of the average number of
holes 2.5 hole / leaflet While rate dropped infecƟon in culƟvars Bream and
Berhi to reach 1 hole / leaflet and 1.25 hole / leaflet, respecƟvely. As well as
the results showed the effectiveness of the fungicides Score, Mizeb S and
Vacomil MZ 72 in inhibiƟon of the disease with significant differences for the
treatment of Topsin M and Benlate, Where prevented Score and Mizeb S
pathogen infection of the events. While the average number of holes when
using Vacomil MZ 72 0.25 hole / leaflet. The results also show the
incompetence of the fungicide Topsin M in reducing the incidence of the
disease, where the rate of the number of holes in the treatment of this
fungicide 2.5 hole / leaflet compared to the control treatment, which was the
average number of holes 3 hole / leaflet.

This study showed that A. alternata has ability to cause the shoot holes
Disease on date palms Phoenix dactylifera L leaves. It also explained the
difference of date palm cultivars in their sensitivity to infection. Where cultivar
Sayer showed the highest rate of the disease. Terms of the average number of
holes 2.5 hole / leaflet While rate dropped infecƟon in culƟvars Bream and
Berhi to reach 1 hole / leaflet and 1.25 hole / leaflet, respecƟvely. As well as
the results showed the effectiveness of the fungicides Score, Mizeb S and
Vacomil MZ 72 in inhibiƟon of the disease with significant differences for the
treatment of Topsin M and Benlate, Where prevented Score and Mizeb S
pathogen infection of the events. While the average number of holes when
using Vacomil MZ 72 0.25 hole / leaflet. The results also show the
incompetence of the fungicide Topsin M in reducing the incidence of the
disease, where the rate of the number of holes in the treatment of this
fungicide 2.5 hole / leaflet compared to the control treatment, which was the
average number of holes 3 hole / leaflet.

This is study the experiment are make to estimate the effect of abamctin
pesticide, protius pesticide and sulfur agriculture on dust mite Oligonychus
afrasaiticus (Mc Gregor) (Tetranychidae ،Acari )laboratory and field
experimented at agriculture season 2013 in Basra, where the result show the
highest percent mortali es was 92.5% for abamc n treatment and the lowest
mortali es was 61.9% for pro us treatment at the laboratory condi on, also
the result show that effect of pesticide in the field experimented the highest
mortali es was 98.5% abamc n treatment and lowest mortali es was 55.1%
for protius treatment, the result effect of pesticide on the dust mite density
on fruit and where the lowest density was 0.0 living mite/ fruit for all
pesticide after 3 days for the experiment, while increased the density of mite
to recording highest at 14 days from treatment it 39.9 and 38.8 living mite/
fruit for protius and control treatment restively, but the pesticide effect on
the percent infection for fruit was reached highest infec on 52.5% for
treatment and lowest infec on was 2.0% for abamc n treatment.

The search was conducted in Insects Research Laboratory at the Faculty of
Education, University of Mosul in 6/2013 for the purpose of obtaining information
on the efficiency and the necessary doses of microwave on red flour beetle and
khapra beetle on the varieties date palm Khadrawi and Zuhdi .The results showed
that different stages of Khapra Beetle and Flour Red Beetle exposure to microwave
levels in class dates stock Khadrawi and Zuhdi that the percentage of mortality
increases with increasing duration of exposure and the highest rate was at the time
of exposure 90 seconds in Flour Red Beetle larva, pupa, and adult stages was 60.0,
71.1 and 63.0%, respectively in the class Khadrawi , while in the class Zuhdi it was
74.4, 91.1 and 67.7% noted that the pupal stage is the most sensitive in this insect,
in Khapra beetle the percentage was 68.3, 70.0 and 70.0% in the larval, pupal, adult
stages in class Khadrawi and in the class Zuhdi the percentage was 57.7, 70.0 and
95.0% respectively also in a duration of 90 seconds

The current study has been conducted to isolate and identify the fungal
contamination associated with date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) tissue cultures of
different date palm cultivars callus, and the attempt to find the best fungicide to
reduce them. Results explained that the most abundant fungal contaminant was
Aspergillus niger and reported the frequency percent of 25%, followed by the fungus
Penicillium sp2. Whereas, the genera of Alternaria, Penicillium and Rhizopus
reported the percents of 15%. The test of inhibitory efficiency of different fungicides
revealed the activity of Benlate in reduction of both fungal radial growth and dry
growth at the concentration of 1 g/l. All of tested contaminants failed completely in
their growth on solid and liquid PD media containing Benlate fungicide. Its
noteworthy, that the concentration of Benlate 1 g/l had no significant effect on the
callus growth, the fresh and dry weight of date palm cv. Asker did not differed in
both control and Benlate treatment. The percent of fungal contamination was
reduced significantly from 100% to a 45% at the treatment of Benlate at 1 g/l
concentration.