Journal of the College of Education for Girls for Humanities

Establishing an investment project has several objectives; the most important of which are economic, financial and social. In order to achieve these objectives, it is necessary to study the economic feasibility of this project and to examine all indicators and standards used in evaluating the project in order to make the appropriate decision on whether to establish the project or not. The economic feasibility study is nothing but the process of collecting data and information about the project and analyzing it to determine the possibility of implementing the project and identifying the risks and obstacles surrounding it and overcoming them. It is a practical tool that provides the investor with all the necessary data to make the investment decision correctly. Plastic industry projects are among the projects that support the national economy, due to their diversity of products. Among these projects is the project of producing plastic bags and cups, as this industry produces a wide range of consumer products that are widely used in aspects of daily life, whether for short-term use, as is the case with packaging products, bags, single-use beverage bottles and medicines, or for long-term use. Plastic products are an integral part of the final product, as is the case in the manufacture of sports equipment and games, the interior lining of cars, and those that enter into the manufacture of electronics and home furniture, and what is used in the manufacture of laboratory and medical devices. The industrial sector in Iraq, like other sectors, is afflicted with laziness and inactivity, as the number of operating companies, most of which are characterized by the obsolescence of their machines and equipment and their failure to keep pace with the rapid technological development in the global industrial sector, has decreased to a large level, and import has become the only solution. This decline and deterioration in the industry has negatively affected the production process, which has led to the weakening of the ability of the local product to compete with imported products. Therefore, the industrial sector needs a stimulus to restore its activity again, and the project under study is a good stimulus if the nature of the final product and its consumer characteristics are taken into consideration, which is consistent with the saying that everything produced is sold.

The private sector is the axis of the development process and economic progress in both developed and developing countries, due to its advantages in management, operation and the best exploitation of resources. Therefore, the progress and development of countries is through the transition to a free market economy based on the private sector, and reducing state intervention in economic activity, which was confirmed by international organizations through restructuring and adaptation programs. In Iraq, the transition to a market economy took place after 2003, with the private sector being the axis of this transformation, and it also became the core of economic reforms in order to advance the Iraqi economy.

The ancient city of Kufa is one of the important cities in Iraq. It is located within the province of Najaf Ashraf. For historical and urban reasons, it has an ancient history and heritage, as it was the capital of the Islamic Caliphate during the reign of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) at that time. Here comes the importance of choosing its geographical location, which was later reflected in its growth and urban expansion. The ancient city of Kufa is also important for its region - because it is the center of administrative judiciary, and the presence of all administrative functions and local government departments, in addition to being the main market for the regions. This research is concerned with studying the historical or morphological stages of the urban and functional growth of the ancient city of Kufa, from its inception until the present time (the time of the study 2014 AD) and its reflection on the characteristics and size of the city. Therefore, the morphological stages of the city of Kufa will be studied, which were reflected in its inhabited area, such as area, street patterns, materials used in construction, and the changes that occurred to them, and their reflection on urban growth in it. Before delving into clarifying the historical (morphological) stages and what they included in terms of urban growth cases in its demographic and spatial dimensions, there must be an explanatory overview of the emergence and history of this Iraqi city with deep roots in history. Hence, the morphological growth of the ancient city of Kufa was the title and content of the subject of the study.

The research aims to know the extent of violence anxiety and its relationship to the motivation to learn among university students.

To achieve the research objectives, the researchers applied the violence anxiety scale after extracting its validity, reliability and the discriminating power of its items and applied the learning motivation scale after extracting its validity, reliability and the discriminating power of its items on a sample of (100) male and female university students who were selected randomly from the students of the University of Kufa - College of Education.

After processing the data statistically using the t-test for one sample and the remote test for two independent samples and Pearson's correlation coefficient, the research reached the following results:

* The research individuals are characterized by anxiety.

* The relationship is weak between anxiety and motivation to learn.

The study dealt with the appropriate historical presentation and analysis of the historical approaches between the fatwa of the great authority Muhammad Hassan al-Shirazi in 1891, known as the fatwa of tobacco, and the fatwa of Sayyid al-Sistani in 2014 "the sufficient jihad" in confronting the forces of evil and takfir represented by the terrorist ISIS gangs. The study is based on a hypothesis based on the following questions:
1. What are the data that can be employed through the fatwa of the authority in drawing an appropriate roadmap to solve political, security and economic problems and crises.
2. What are the dimensions, contents and outcomes that resulted from the fatwa of the authority in the past and present.
3. What are the limits of the approach between the fatwa of tobacco in 1891 and the sufficient jihad in 2014, in light of the course of events and their developments in Iran and Iraq.

The research aimed to know the effect of a program in vocational guidance in developing vocational awareness among middle school students in Najaf Governorate for the sample as a whole, and according to the gender variable. The research sample consisted of (72) male and female students, (36) male students and (36) female students in the morning shift, for the academic year 2014-2015. They were selected randomly, and were randomly distributed into six experimental groups and two control groups. To achieve the research objectives, a scale for vocational awareness was built, after extracting the types of validity [apparent validity, and structural validity through discriminant validity and internal consistency of the paragraphs and stability by retesting the scale, and building a program in vocational guidance with three models: personality theory (Ann Reo, developmental theory (self-concept (: Ginsberg), social behavioral theory (Bandura). The results revealed the superiority of the theories (Reo) (Bandura) (Ann, over the theory (Ginsberg), and as The results indicated the presence of statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) attributed to the gender variable in favor of females in the theory (Ann Reo, and in favor of males in the theory of Ginsberg), and the equality of males and females in the theory (Bandura). In light of the research results, the researcher presented a set of recommendations and proposals.

Childhood is the beginning of life and proper upbringing, as today's children are the men of the future. In order for them to be good citizens, they must be cared for within the family environment and provide appropriate conditions for their healthy and psychological growth, and strengthen their emotional ties with family members, so that their identity becomes clear in the future and they are armed with good morals when they go out to the larger society. The most important relationship in the family is the relationship between mother and child, which begins with breastfeeding. In a study by (Harbet Ringgold I., p. 63), she found that children raised by one mother showed positive social and educational behavior, unlike children in a group raised by different women in an orphanage, and they were more confident in themselves and others later. The child who gets pleasant experiences from his relationship with his mother in the feeding situation and the reward he gets when the mother meets his basic urgent needs, makes the mother herself a pleasant experience, because her presence is linked to meeting the need for hunger. According to the principle of generalization of the stimulus, the child turns to his mother when he is injured, feels cold, or sleepy. The strong trust that the child gives to his mother, considering that she can repel harm from him, makes him turn to other people around him, and from this standpoint he builds his social relationships with people in the future (2.158). The child's feeling that he is a loved person who is desired by the family members pushes him to adhere to the good morals that are acceptable to the group he lives among, for fear of losing that love. Several studies have been conducted to explain the deviation of behavior and delinquency in children, including the study of (John Bowlby) (3: p. 2) which explains the deviation of young children on the basis that the mother is the one who plays the role of building the child's personality and conscience in early childhood, and through her interest in him he is convinced to give up some of his desires and postpone the satisfaction of others, because he sees that maintaining good relationships with others helps him achieve his goals, and on this basis the beginnings of conscience arise and the child learns to rely on himself in forming his conscience. Bowlby also sees that early deprivation of maternal care leads to delinquency in most cases, because these children are unable to get out of the circle of their selves and emotional attachment to others. In the study of Ivy Bent (3: p. 3), the results were similar to Bowlby's study, which is that the child's exposure to severe excitement and painful rejection makes him lose the feeling of guilt or shame, and he does not find the motivation or desire to correct his behavior. He is also characterized by impulsiveness and the inability to control his motives or postpone their satisfaction. The researcher believes that the treatment of this condition is through the existence of a strong loving relationship that connects the child to one of the family members and is the basis for abandoning self-centered goals.

Monetary shocks are an important indicator for evaluating the performance of monetary policy in any country. The less a country is exposed to monetary shocks, the clearer the future visions of monetary policy makers and the knowledge of the state of the economy. Monetary decision makers can intervene by controlling many monetary variables to achieve monetary stability. However, failure to achieve monetary stability causes monetary shocks and their effects on output, prices and use. Monetary shocks include several types, including money supply shocks, money demand shocks, interest rate shocks and exchange rate shocks. The impact of monetary shocks is reflected in the markets. Some participants may adjust their cash balances through the goods and services markets, while others adjust their balances through stocks and bonds in the stock markets. The impact of these shocks on output, prices and use varies because these variables are affected unequally by the monetary shock and according to the time of the year in which the monetary shock occurs, as well as the extent of the independence of monetary policy. The study addressed the most prominent monetary problems in the Japanese economy, namely monetary shocks and their impact on the gross domestic product. The study concluded that shocks to the money supply, interest rate and exchange rate cause fluctuations in the gross domestic product.

Research objectives: The research aims to reveal the following:
1- The effect of a proposed motor education program and the followed program on some physical and motor characteristics of primary school students.
2- Differences in some physical and motor characteristics between students in the experimental and control groups.
3- The percentage of progress in some physical and motor characteristics for both the experimental and control groups.
1-4 Research hypotheses
1- The proposed motor education program and the followed program have a positive effect on some physical and motor characteristics of primary school students.
2- There are significant differences in some physical and motor characteristics between students in the experimental and control groups in the post-selection and in favor of the experimental group.
3- The percentage of progress in some physical and motor characteristics of students in the experimental group is better than the percentage of progress in some physical and motor characteristics of students in the control group.
1-5 Research areas
Human field: A sample of students from the University School for Girls.
Time domain: The period from 10/8/2014 to 12/17/2014.

Spatial domain: The sports field at the University School for Girls.

The researchers concluded that the proposed program for physical education has an effective and positive impact on all the physical and motor characteristics under study among fourth grade primary school students, and the experimental group students outperformed the control group students in all physical and motor characteristics.

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and peace and blessings be upon the Master of Messengers and upon his pure and good family.

Belief in Allah Almighty and the belief that He is the Creator of the universe and its originator from nothingness, and that He is aware of the actions and behaviors of man in secret and in public, makes man connected to Him, fearing Him, dreading Him, and submitting to His authority, so this man adheres to what Allah Almighty commands him to do, and avoids what Allah forbids him from doing, so he is adorned with moral virtues and keeps away from vices, and is upright in his behavior and behavior, thus faith is a deterrent to the individual, a judge over his behavior, and a monitor over him.

The aim of the research was to demonstrate the effect of faith in the upbringing of the individual and society, and its effect on the uprightness of his behavior and his behavior, so faith directs the behavior of the individual, makes him adorn himself with moral virtues and keeps him away from vices, and is an elevation for him because he believes that Allah Almighty monitors his behavior.
The research methodology was divided into an introduction, a preface, seven axes and a conclusion, as follows:

Preface: Definition of faith and means of developing faith.
Axes: It included the educational effects of faith, which are:

1. Glorifying God Almighty and adhering to His commands and avoiding

2. Nurturing moral virtues

3. Nurturing instincts

4. Psychological calm

5. The effects of faith on society

6. Integration of the individual's personality

7. The ability to bear calamities.

Technology has advanced and design and manufacturing are now done with the help of computers. Information connectors have been integrated into the fabric manufacturing stages to produce interactive textiles. All these concepts are no longer a luxury that is viewed superficially, but have become an important focus in human life because they pose a challenge to humans. Given the prevailing climatic conditions in Iraq, this has led to the desire to use modified (smart) textile materials in design that are compatible with the nature of the climate. The research included four chapters, the first of which dealt with the methodological framework of the research. The research problem was defined as the possibility of using smart fabrics in interior designs to achieve sustainability? What are smart fabrics in interior design? The aim of the research was to identify smart fabrics, their designs, and methods of applying them in interior design to achieve sustainability. The researchers defined the related terms, namely sustainability, smart fabrics, and interior environment. The limits of their research were set, which were smart woven and printed fabrics used in interior design, and produced in the United States of America, the European continent, and Australia, from 2005 to 2015. While the second chapter included the theoretical framework that contained topics such as sustainable development and its effectiveness in design, smart fabrics that are environmentally friendly, and smart technology. This was followed by a discussion and extraction of indicators that can be used in the procedures for analyzing the research sample. Then, the previous study was presented. The third chapter included the research procedures that included (the research community, the sample and the research tool, and the analysis of the research sample following the descriptive method in the analysis to reach the results that achieve the research goal, and the tool was represented by a form to determine the analysis axes, and the procedures also addressed the sample that was intentionally selected for considerations sought by the researchers related to the research topic for (5) models from the total research community (20) designs and at a rate of 20%, and the validity of the tool had an important effect and then the analysis followed. As for the fourth chapter, it included the results of the research, including that the need for use, whether lighting or sound units, complements the existence of the basic need for fabric, whether curtains or furnishings, and the conclusions included adapting to the environment by using smart fabrics, followed by recommendations, including moving towards sustainability by employing student graduation projects in the field of smart fabrics. The researchers presented some proposals, including conducting studies represented in employing smart fabrics in the military field.

Given the negative effects of attacks on facilities with dangerous forces on humans and their environment, the international community has sought to provide protection for them as much as possible, by including in international agreements regulating armed conflicts rules that protect these facilities. The rules of international humanitarian law include texts that prohibit attacks on these facilities, considering them places that are not used to support military operations, and therefore attacks on them do not achieve any military advantage. Therefore, international humanitarian law has been concerned with protecting facilities with dangerous forces as civilian objects, and has imposed on the conflicting states a set of duties towards them and placed restrictions on the behavior of the conflicting parties during the course of military operations, through which it aims to provide protection for civilians and their property, who are the most affected by the fires of wars and weapons, especially after the world has witnessed the development of means and methods of combat, which leads to the possibility of exposing all the territories of the states parties to the conflict to the risk of military attacks without exception. Hence, the need to provide protection for civilian objects emerged, which the warring parties must make efforts to identify and take all necessary measures to prevent their targeting during the course of military operations. The installations with dangerous forces according to Articles (56, 15) of the Additional Protocols of 1949 respectively are nuclear power plants that generate electricity and contain dangerous forces, the attack on which results in the release of those dangerous forces and then causes great losses among civilians and the surrounding environment, which makes them civilian objects that need special and enhanced protection in international humanitarian law. To clarify the legal basis for the protection of installations with dangerous forces in international humanitarian law, we will include in our research a section containing two requirements: the first is concerned with the legal basis for protection within the framework of international custom and general principles of law, and the second deals with the legal basis for protection in international agreements.

Military architecture is one of the vital joints in the design of Arab Islamic cities, especially since it provides a strong shield that protects the city from external dangers and threats, especially in border cities and cities adjacent to the borders of external enemies.
In my study, I chose military architecture in the city of Seville as it is one of the cities that faced internal and external challenges in Andalusia, so I detailed in the first axis, the historical geography of the city of Seville.
The city of Seville was one of the ancient Roman cities and the Arabs modernized it upon their entry and added to it the spirit of Arab Islamic architecture, so it became a dual architecture that combines Arab and ancient Roman architecture.
In the second axis, I discussed the most important defensive fortifications that distinguished the city of Seville and showed the importance of these fortifications in the city's steadfastness in the face of external and internal threats.
In the third axis, I addressed the planning of the new Seville wall and traced the historical stages and changes that occurred to the wall, as the modernization of the wall was linked to the political, social and economic conditions of the city. Thus, the military architecture drew the history of the city of Seville. The researcher can analyze and understand - through military architecture - the overall political, economic and social events that occurred in the city of Seville. For example, when parts of the walls of the city of Seville were demolished and the streets and houses were extended, we conclude from this that there was a population expansion in the city that led to the weakening of its military architecture. Abdul Aziz Salem says about this: ((For this reason, it was a target for fugitives, especially since it became exposed and open, easy for those entering and exiting, as a result of the fall of one side of its wall)). In the fourth axis, I discussed the castles and fortresses that surrounded the city of Seville, considering them the front lines and the first line of defense in the heart of the city of Seville. In this axis, I explained the compelling reasons that necessitated the creation and modernization of these castles and fortresses, considering them the arms that repel external dangers from the heart of the city of Seville.

'Grammatical shift' is an extremely interesting grammatical phenomenon that does require some knowledge of grammar as such knowledge provides some basic understanding about the operations involved in such shift. By using grammatical shift, it becomes possible to vary the ways of expressing the language. In Arabic, ‘grammatical shift’ is considered one of the most fascinating linguistic means of expression that have distinguished Arabic from all other languages. It means the shift of speech from the normal direction it has to follow to another as required to attain certain rhetorical purposes. In the present study, ‘grammatical shift’ involves three types of important shifts: shifts in personal pronouns, verb tenses and discourse.
In this paper, ‘grammatical shift’ is investigated in the context of a novel applying stream of consciousness (hence SOC) as a method of narration. Therefore, Najeeb Mahfouz's novel The Thief and Dog has been chosen for the analysis. The application of this technique in narrative writings makes it possible to shift from one type of pronouns to another, from one tense to another, and even from one discourse type to another. The analyses are based on the application of Halliday and Hassan's approach (1976) towards cohesion. The two excerpts chosen for the analysis have been analyzed in terms a co-textual level where shifts and cohesive ties are identified and explained.