Journal of Al_Anbar University for Language and Literature

This study aimed to track the paradox in Abdullah Al-Baradouni's poem "Oh
Poetry" due to the importance of this poem, which represents the poet's
.biography in the forty-four years he spent writing poetry
This research is an applied and analytical study, in which the paradox appears in
the construction of a poem, "Oh poetry" and in each of its verses. He realizes
the importance of paradox in art, and that stems from his human and artistic
experience full of paradoxes. The research concluded in its results that the
poem included four forms of irony: the dramatic irony, the irony of dissonance,
.the verbal irony, and the motor behavior paradox
The most prominent among these is dramatic irony, as it is closely connected to
the entire structure of the poem rather than a single stanza or a verse.
KEYWORDS: dramatic paradox, paradox of coexistence, verbal paradox,
poetry, Abdullah al-Bardouni

This study attempts to search for the dynamism of interpretation, the
exploration of what is behind the signifier, and the liberation of the text from
the constraint of the mono-reading. Every text refuses to submit to a
declarative meaning and tends towards a multiplicity of interpretations through
penetrating its fabric, investigating its contents, exploring its depths, removing
its masks, clarifying the relations of absence, and reproducing and shaping the
idea of the text. Deconstruction is the creation and formation, on the one hand,
and demolition and erasure, on the other hand. The ground on which it stands
calls for the search for all the contradictions that contradict what is apparent.
This relies on building a new foundation for the text that rises on the
ambiguous problematic relationships of contradictory and conflicting texture,
so that the center becomes a margin and the margin becomes a center, and
calling for an understanding of the unexpected and the impossible. This is
what deconstructionists look for. Therefore, their attention is focused on what
is absent and deferred in the discourse, as there is no fixed meaning in the text,
which makes it revolve in a dynamic cycle of interpretation on an ongoing
basis. Therefore, interpretation differs from one reader to another according to
his/her cultural and ideological backgrounds, on the one hand, and the freedom
given to him/her by the philosophy of deconstructionism according to which
the signifier is released from the signified and the creation of an opposing
reading that gives a new meaning to the text, on the other hand. This is what
was embodied in the novel (Al-Jawf) by Ahmad Dahar, which was taken as a
model for this research within a deconstructive approach. The theoretical
framework is based on a brief presentation of the concept of deconstruction,
its origins and development, then the discussion focuses on interpretation and
difference. In the procedural framework, the strategy of deconstructing the
fictional text is observed within the mechanism of the descriptive analytical
approach, which is an essential tool in this kind of work .

This research deals with a well-known rhetorical genre,
which is the mental metaphor, the technical equivalent of the
sent metaphor, and sheds light on all its aspects, and deals
with it in various terms, presenting its theoretical problems in
terms of the term and its number according to each rhetoric,
then studies the positions of scholars on it, enumerates its
sections and comments on them, and deduces the conditions
It must be available in speech in order to judge it as a mental
metaphor, and it studies the concept of context linguistically
and idiomatically and its impact on constructing metaphor
and its types, highlighting its impact on framing and defining
mental metaphor, and deals with the study with a number of
aesthetics of this rhetorical type and its functions in the text,
and then ends with a set of results

Multimodality as a ground of study considers communication as relying
on a diversity of modes, all of which have been socially matured as means
to generate meaning. It describes the combination of different semiotic
resources, or modes, in texts and communicative events. This research
attempts to analyze samples of old and new images of advertisement on
child neglect, as great amount of meaning making information is being
conveyed by those images. The selected advertisements promoted child
protection from neglect. The study deals with how meaning can be
expressed by advertisement images through different methods and modes.
It also analyzes contextual and social aspects of the chosen images, the
new and the relatively old ones following Guillermo's model of image
analysis. It is found that full meaning can be described by the simplest
details put in the image and that a thorough multimodal analysis can bring
to the surface greater information than what the ordinary eye may catch at
first sight. Furthermore, it is concluded that the old images (before 2010)
though less in number, used methods and modes which are far more rich
and detailed than those put in the new ones (2015 and beyond) . The study
suggests that these differences, both in number of images and richness of
content are affected by the social development of lifestyle in general and
the development of technology and mobile applications in these years.

Gags, memes, and general silliness about Covid19 come into existence in
the social media as the world hunkers down and is threatened by the most
dangerous global health crisis in 100 years. The problem of this study is, if
humor exists in this dangerous situation, then it might come into existence
in other fields such as raising awareness and education. Consequently,
some aroused questions need be answered in this research such as what
those sayings add, their target, and their implied meanings. Moreover, the
answers of those questions will create the base to know that humor, if used
carefully, might be a fruitful mean in teaching. Pragmatically, the data,
which is an array of humorous sayings about Covid19, will be analyzed by
means of a qualitative approach of breaking Grice’s maxims (1975), and
Taxonomy of Humor Techniques launched by Juckel, Bellman and
Varan’s (2016). It is found out that great deals of the sayings are
ambiguous flouting the maxim of manner since they target sensitive
situation with its social and ethnic issues. Also, the least flouted maxim by
those sayings is relation maxim because all of them deal specifically with
Covid19. It is clear from foregoing that since sayings of Covid19 target
many diversified issues, in turn, every issue, irrespective of what it is,
might be criticized or targeted with skillful humorous utterance.
Consequently, humor could escape the domain of only entertainment to be
a mean to an end which is education

The term Metatheatre is coined by Lionel Abel in 1963. The word meta
is a Greek word which means beyond or above. So metatheatre is theatre
about theatre, drama about drama, play within the play, story within the
story, or any term that reflects the duplication of theatrical reality. It is a
type of literature that is aware of itself as a literary object and refers to its
artificiality. It is characterized with theatricality, self-awareness, selfreflexivity, and self-knowledge. This term and technique becomes
potentially powerful to destabilize conventional forms and views and make
theatre an effective place for education and communication. Metatheatre is
meant to explore the complexity of the modern life and the anxieties that
encounter the identity of modern man who is stuck in a cage of awareness.
Its most important characteristic that it duplicates visual experience which
is built on the fusion of illusion and reality. The actor appears on stage
physically and playing another role creating another identity. It is an
identity that is created in the context of another level of time and space.
This study shows the metatheatrical moments in Edward Albee’s At Home
At The Zoo and how the characters formulate their identities while
struggling with illusion and reality. Albee explores the complexity of
modern life and the anxieties that encounter man’s identity who is
attached to the rife of self-awareness. This study sheds the light on Albee’s
ability to expand the central theme through telling stories and selfreflexivity to evoke the audience to make meaning in favor of
everyday reality.