JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE

The electrical behaviour of mixed ligand complex of Fe(II) in
different percentage of binary mixture of methanol and water at different
temperatures can give information about ion-ion and ion-solvent
interaction in solution so the limiting molar conductance o
2 Fe
λ + , KA the
association constant and (R) the main distance between ions in solution as
a results of those interaction can be calculated. Thermodynamics
parameters (∆H, ∆G, ∆S) of the association processes and the coulombic
forces which play an important role in the association process also have
been studied, Walden product also calculated for solvent composition
which indicate the tendency of the association of the ions in different
percentages.

Metal complexes of general formula [M(L)2Cl2] and [Cr(L)2Cl2]Cl
{where M is Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) and L (2,3- Bis (Nhexylimino) butane) is a Schiff base formed by condensation of 2,3-
butanedione and hexylamine}, have been prepared (in 1:2 metal: ligand
molar ratio). The complexes were characterized by analytical, spectral,
magnetic and conductance measurements. IR spectra show that the
nitrogen of the azomethine groups takes part in coordination. Magnetic
measurements and electronic spectral studies suggest an octahedral
structure for all complexes. Conductance measurements show a non
electrolytic nature of the complexes, with the exception of the
[Cr(L)2Cl2]Cl compound with a 1:1 electrolytic nature.

A simple spectrophotometric method for the determination of
cephadroxil in aqueous solution is developed. The method is based on the
coupling of cephadroxil with diazotised sulphanilic acid reagent in the
presence of sodium hydroxide. The yellow azo-dye formed is water–
soluble, stable, and shows maximum absorption at 445 nm. Beer’s law is
obeyed over the range 10–240 µg/25 ml (0.4 –9.6 ppm) with a molar
absorptivity of 1.73×104
l.mol-1
cm
-1, Sandell’s sensitivity index of 0.0210
µg/cm2
, a relative error of –0.42 to +2.22 % and a relative standard
Diazotised Suhphanilic Acid Reagent for the Determination …
24
deviation of ± 1.7 to ± 2.4 %, depending on the concentration level. The
composition of the yellow azo-dye has been evaluated. The proposed
method has been successfully applied to the determination of cephadroxil
in various pharmaceutical preparations.

Complexes of the type [M(L)2.2H2O]X2 (where M=Co(II) or
Ni(II), X=Cl-
or NO3
-
), [M(L)2Cl2] (where M=Cu(II),Zn(II) or Hg(II))
and [Cd(L)2](NO3)2 where L= multidentate Schiff bases ligands (resulted
from the condensation of 2,3-butandione or benzil with 2-aminothiazole)
2-oxo-3-imino-(N-thiazole-2-yl) butane (atc) and 1-oxo-1,2-diphenyl-2-
imino-(N-thiazole-2-yl) ethane (atb), have been prepared and
characterized by elemental analysis, spectral (Infrared, and U.V./Visible),
magnetic data and conductivity measurements.
The ligands have been acted as bidentate with Co(II), Ni(II),
Cu(II), Zn(II), Hg(II) and tridentate with Cd (II) ions. The prepared
complexes had hexacoordinated with octahedral geometries.

Two proteinous compounds (I and II) had been isolated by gel
filtration chromatography of the precipitate produced by full saturation of
the aqueous extract of the Aloe vera.
The apparent molecular weights by gel filtration chromatography
of the isolated compounds (I and II) were in the range of (63095,19952)
Dalton respectively.

In this paper the synthesis of 4-substituted benzoxazole [3,4-b]
imidazole (9,10) and 4-aryl hexahydrobenzoxazole [3,4-b] imidazole (13,14)
is reported. Glycine was treated with benzoyl chloride or p-nitrobenzoyl
chloride to give N-aroyl glycine (1,2), the reaction of N-aroyl glycine with
thionyl chloride followed by treatment the product (3,4) with ammonium
hydroxide to give N-aroyl glycine amide (5,6). Treatment of the amide with
1-bromocyclohexanone gave N-methylene-2-hexahydrobenzoxazole) aryl
Synthesis of Some Substituted Benzoxazole [3,4-b] imidazoles.
15
PPA
amide (7,8), cyclization of this gave product (9,10), whereas the compounds
(13,14) was synthesized from o-aminophenol and the acid chlorides to give
N-methylene (2-benzoxazole) aryl amide (11,12) which cyclized with
phosphorous oxychloride to give the products (13,14).
The structure of all synthesized compounds were confirmed by physical
and spectral data.

A simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the
determination of noradrenaline was developed. The method is based on
the proton transfer reaction with alizarin red sulphonate (ARS) in aqueous
neutral solution to form violet product showing maximum absorbance at
530 nm with molar absorptivity of 6720 l.mol-1
.cm
-1. The method follows
Beer’s law over the concentration range (0.5-10) µg.ml-1. The accuracy
(average recovery) of the method is 100.29% and the precision (RSD) of
the method is less than 1%.
The method was successfully applied for the determination of
noradrenaline in pharmaceutical formulation as injection and the results
were in good agreement with the standard addition procedure.

The study was conducted in Mosul city, northern Iraq to obtain a
local isolate of the algal, Fragellaria vaucheria (Bacillariophycophyta) .
Maximum biomass (58 mg/l) was obtained after seven days of
incubation. The ratio of precipitated biosilica in the cellular walls ranged
between 30 to 35 % of the dry weight of the biomass. The amount of
biosilica increased with progress of incubation period. The infra red
spectrum test showed the high purity of isolated silica.
Estimation of growth rate, biosilica, protein and lipid content …
73
The protein content increased with increase of algal growth and
reached 125 mg/l after fifteenth days of incubation, Maximum lipid
content (198 mg/l) was obtained after eleven days of incubation.
Generally final pH value was higher than the initial one. The algal
Fragellaria vaucheria have a wide pH range and the optimum pH for
growth was 7.6 .

The experimental fulfillment for optical bistability in a
semiconductor laser under injection locking is studied. The required setup
to provide the stability in current, temperature and power output of the
laser diode used in experiments has been described in detail. A small
change in the injection power of the slave laser SL could induce a
dynamic change of the lasing power of the master laser ML has been
observed. Optical bistability for two non identical laser was possible has
been experimentally observed.

The catalyst was prepared from red bentonite ore after the removal of
unreactive materials toward catalysis (carbonate and bicarbonate). This
catalyst was used in the catalytic treatment of naphtha from (Baba) Kirkuk .
The naphtha was passed to the reactor in the vapour phase and treated at
(450, 500 and 550)° C at constant rate.
The hydrocarbon composition for the treated naphtha samples were
studied by determining the amount of n-paraffins, aromatics and olefinics.
Moreover additional measurments of refractive index and density were
determined. The chemical structure of n-paraffins were analysed using gas
chromatography (GC) depending on the (UOP) standard methods (UOP690). Olefinic content was also determined using standard American method
ASTM-D1492. The paraffins amount increasd up to (48.913%) in the treated
naphtha, compared with (39.4065%) in the untreated naphtha. Aromatic
hydrocarbons reached up to (22.5773%), compared with 11.8843 % in the
untreated naphtha, with the amount of naphthenic to 28.5097 % in the
treated naphtha compared with 48.7092 % in the untreated naphtha . The
amount of olefinic hydrocarbons increased up to 2.5 % at (550)°C
compared with (0.0 %) in the untreated naphtha.

Cytosine deaminase (EC.3.5.4.1) activity and properties was
determined in the extract of the free living ciliata Tetrahymena pyriformis
grown in proteose peptone medium.
The optimum conditions for the enzyme activity was also
determined and it was found that the highest activity was obtained from
the reaction mixture containing 300 µM of Tris-HCl buffer at pH 7.2
containing 3 µM of cytosine as a substrate and a concentration of enzyme
extract equal to 250 µg at 35°C for 10 min.
Under the optimum conditions, the specific activity was found to be
42.23±2.3 µM of cytosine deaminated per min per mg protein in the
supernatant of Tetrahymena pyriformis extracts compared with 20.08 ±
1.0 µM of cytosine deaminated per min per mg protein.

In this study, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium
were isolated and identified from patients suffering from food poisoning,
(250) samples showed positive bacterial growth (96.1%). After the
biochemical tests were done, (60) isolates (41.4%) showed Staph. aureus
and (85) isolates (58.6%) showed S. typhimurium.
After detecting the inhibitors effect of plant extracts and active
components on the bacteria under study, the aqueous, ethanolic,
chloroform and acetone extracts of Slippery elm bark have also good
inhibitory effects against Staph. aureus while then benzene extract is not
effective. The aqueous, ethanolic and acetone extracts have clearly
inhibitory effects on S. typhimurium. The isolated phenolic acid
compounds from Slippery elm have highly inhibitory effect against
Staph. aureus while they are less effective against S. typhimurium. The
eucalyptus leaves extracts and the isolated essential oils showed to be
good inhibitors against Staph. aureus while S. typhimurium is not
affected.
The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of plant extracts under
study and the separated active components were also identified. In
addition, the antibiotic sensitivity of both types of bacteria with the
presence of the active components was also tested. The results showed
التأثير التثبيطي لمستخلصات نباتي الدردار واليوكالبتوس والتآزر بين مكوناتها ...
29
that active components have synergistic effect against Staph. aureus but
antagonistic effect against S. typhimurium.

The biological study was conducted at the University of Mosul,
College of Education, Department of Biology. To aims at identifying effects
of environmental pollution in the seven sites at Nineveh (Al-Rahmanyah,AlRashidiyah, Yarmejah, Hamam Al-Alil, Al-Nimrud, Al-Qayarah and Sinjar)
in concentrations of heavy accumulated metals,(Pb,Cd,Ni,Co) in the parts
that are eaten from leguminosae plants.
The study results showed that pods of leguminosae plants in different
sites contained heavy metals with different concentrations within the normal
levels of toxicity: cobalt (0.53-1.36), nickel(0.1-5), cadmium (5-30), lead
(30-300)ppm. the concentration of cadmium was over than (0.1)ppm., which
applied by (WHO).

Rhizobium leguminosarum bv.viciae was isolated and identified from
root nodules of Vicia faba L. plant. Its susceptibility to 14 types of β-lactam
antibiotics was tested by disk diffusion method. The isolate was resistant to
the following antibiotics; Amoxicillin, Carbencillin, Cephalexin,
Cephradine, Cefuroxime, Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, Cefixime, Ceftizoxime,
Cefepime, and Aztreonam, while it was sensitive to only three antibiotics
including; Imipenem, Cefoperazone and Ceftriaxone. The occurrence of
multiple drug resistance in a soil bacterium, that is not a pathogen, suggests
that chemotherapeutic use of antibiotics is not required for the development
of multiple drug resistance. This may considers as a defense line to protect
plant roots from pathogenic soil microorganisms.

The study was conducted in the wiry house in order to study the
effect of treated soil with (Boric acid, Magnesium sulphat, calcium
chloride) with concentrations (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%)\Kg soil each one
treated separately.on yield, carbohydrate, protein and metal composition
of barley cultivar (402).
Results showed that treated soil in (calcium chloride) especially in
concentration (0.2%) led to improve the yield by increasing the number
of the spike grains, weight of crop /plant, biological yield spike length
and weight. Also led to significant increase in protein contents in barley
grains in comparison with other treatment.
However the result showed that treated soil with Boric acid
especially in concentration (0.3%) led to decreasing in number grains/
spike, biological yield the weight of (100) grains, weight of grains / plant,
spikes weight and Ca, Mg, K contant of grains and also led to increase
concentration Na , Cl in barley grain plant comparing to other treatment.

This study carried on to investigate the histopathological changes on
the kidney of male albino mice as a result of athyl alcohol treatment at
different period.
The study revealed the presence of many histopathological changes
in kidney tissue these were represented as follows: Hypertrophy of some
epithelial cell of renal tubules, vacuolations, necrosis and cystic structure
in others. On the other hand infiltration of monocytes in the interstitial
tissues also noted. The blood vessels showed congestion, perivascular
cuffing, wall thickening and hyaline arteriopathy

This study investigates the immune system response to infection
with secondary hydatid cysts in BALB/c mice activated with
lipopolysaccharide, extracted from Escherichia coli, and infected with
protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus.
The pathological changes occurred in the mice activated with LPS,
were followed in comparison with the control group (mice infected with
protoscoleces without activation with LPS) along the five months peroid
of experiments , depending on certain criteria including changes in the
means of total and differential count of WBCs. Results of the study
revealed an increase in the rates of total count of WBCs, represented by
an increase in the number of lymphocytes, decrease in the number of
neutrophils and variation in the number of monocytes, in activated mice
compared with the control group. In general, results of the present work
provide another evidence that the lipopolysaccharide has modulated the
immune defense of the host against infection with secondary hydatid
cysts. Therefore, We support our previous findings that this
lipopolysaccharide may well possess an immunomodulating activity in
mice against infection with unilocular hydatid disease.

The present investigation aimed to evaluate the effect of aqueous
Extract Of Fruits Myrtus communis at different concentration (3.1, 6.2,
12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400) mg/cm3
on the growth and viability of eight
pathogenic bacteria the following bacteria were sensitive to the extract
(Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus
subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). while Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus
vulgaris and Serratia marcescens were resistant .
The results showed that the effect of the extract was proportionally
increased. With increasing the concentrations up to 12.5 mg/cm3.
However the DIZ (mm) values for the bacteria (Staphylococcus
aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli,
Bacillus subtilis). Were (17.54, 14.75, 12.66, 12.08 and 9.29) mm
respectively Also the values of minimum inhibitory concentration MIC
(mg / cm3
) for proceeding. Pathogenic species were (12.5, 25, 50, 50 and
100) mg/cm3
respectively.

The results of this study revealed significat inhibitory effect of the
aqueous extracts of the seeds of the buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum
and the fenugreek, Trigonella foenum-graecum on the viability of the
protoscleces of Echinococcus granulosus in concentrations of 25 mg/ml,
50 mg/ml, and 75 mg/ml in the periods of 15, 30, and 45, minutes in vitro.
Herein, the concentration of 75 mg/ml of the buckwheat inhibited the
viability of the protoscoleces completetly in a period of 45 minutes.In
general, the effect of the extracts of both seeds increased proportionally
with the increase in concetration and the increase in the period of
exposure, By the sametoken, the effect of the buckwheat was higher than
that of the fenugreek on the viability of the protoscoleces of E. granulosus
in vitro.

In order to find a universal empirical relationship among the
absolute efficiency of a photopeak, the energy of gamma ray and the
distance from the source to the detector face, we used a modern gammaray spectroscopy called (SPECTECH UCS-20) with a scintillation
detector, NaI(Tl), of dimensions 3.8cm(diameter)×2.5cm(thick). The
system is connected to a personal computer with a program installed for
this purpose. The absolute efficiency have been found using standard
radioactive sources (Na-22, Mn-54, Co-60, Cd-109, Eu-152) in the
energy range (88-1408) keV and a distance (1.25-10.25)cm. A fit to the
figure of measured absolute efficiency with distance was applied, and we
have found that the best fit is the power fit. Also we found the best
equation to calculate the two constants, in the power fit equations .Thus
we have combined the absolute efficiency, energy, and distance in one
universal empirical equation. The experimental results have been
compared with those calculated by the universal empirical equation and a
good correspondence has been found between them .Further, we find
detector efficiency of standard sample from (KCl) putted in touch to the
detector surface, this efficiency can be used to calculate the concentration
of (40k) in different situations.

Rodriguez conjecture ensures the automatic continuity of a dense
range homomorphism from a complete normed nonassociative algebra into
another one with zero strong radical. Rodriguez conjecture still unsolved.
But there is an affirmative answer of Rodriguez conjecture presented by
Rodriguez himself in [7] for particular type of nonassociative algebras called
power-associative algebra. Also the authors in [11] gived an approximate
solution of Rodriguez conjecture by putting a condition on multiplication
algebra of a domain of such homomorphism. In this work, we give another
partial solution of Rodriguez conjecture as follows:
If A and B are complete normed nonassociative algebras and if φ is a
dense range homomorphism from A into B such that B simple with identity
and multiplication algebra of B is also simple. Then φ is continuous.

The research aims at buliding integral computer database for sales ,by
using six algorithms of approximate string matching with practicable
example;soundex,information metaphone,longest common subsequence
,dice cofficient,levenshtein distance and fuzzy string matching .
The algorithm of matching is called (name similarity) to find the
similarity between two strings depending on one kind of algorithm
mentioned above as a limited digital value between (zero-one)
representing the rate of information retrieval .while this rate is larger than
0.79 the matching between the two strings will be the best ,if the rate is
smaller this will indicate a lack of conform of the strings. is addition to
consider the precision of retrieve the intended records out of the existed
records of the table.