Kirkuk Journal of Science

The aim of this paper is to find the effect of type of etchant solutions on nuclear track
detector CR-39 . CR-39 detectors were irradiated with alpha particle from 241Am. The
irradiated detectors were etched in a number of some newly introduced etching solutions as
well as in conventionally used 7 N NaOH and 7 N KOH at 70 °C. The newly prepared
etching solutions included NaOH/1-propanol. Processing conditions were optimized for
these etchants. From alpha track diameters, bulk etching velocity VB , track etching
velocity VT , etching efficiency η , etching ratio V , sensitivity S and critical Angle θC and
their activation energies were determined and compared with that obtained for 7 N NaOH
and 7 N KOH at 70 °C

The present study was conducted about some physical-chemical properties and algal
composition in three artesian wells in Kirkuk city \Iraq from November-2010 to jun-2011. The
results showed that water quality of the studied artesian wells was characterized by an increase
of electrical conduction and chloride ions therefore it causes the land to be salty ,but it can be
used for irrigation in soils with high light transmittance and for agricultural crops resistant to
salinity moreover it showed that it contains Oxygen above critical standard . Statistical analysis
doesn't show any significance difference between physical and -chemical properties of studies
wells in study period. About 37 Algal taxa have been classified in this study. Diatoms was the
most dominant Algal (56.756%) followed by (Chlorophyceae) ( 16.216%) then followed by Blue
green Algae (Cyanophyceae) (13.513%) then followed by (Euglenophyceae) ( ( %8.108 ) at last
followed by ( Dinophycea ) ( 5.405%) .

Objective: Detection of antibiotic sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from
different clinical specimens in Kirkuk, Iraq.
Material and Methods: The present study included (3138) samples collected from different
clinical specimens from outpatients and inpatients of both sexes with different ages who
were attended Azadi Teaching Hospital/ Kirkuk during the period from October/2007 until
May/ 2013.
Results: From a total of 3138 Specimens, 1485 gave positive cultured and 1653 Specimens
showed no bacterial growth, 319/3138 (10.17%) isolates were identified as P. aeruginosa.
These isolates were identified according to morphological, cultural and biochemical
characteristics. Wound and ear swab were important source for P. aeruginosa and isolated
more frequently in inpatients than outpatients. The rate of isolation in females 169/319
(52.97%) was higher than males 150/319 (47.01%). Antibiotic susceptibility test of these
isolates was performed, and the results showed that all Pseudomonas isolates (100%) were
resistant to ampicillin, cephradin and trimoxazole, followed by gentamycin (97.3%),
Amoxicillin (97.3), cephalexin (92.3%), neomycin (91.4%), nalidixic acid (89%),
nitrofurantoin (87.5%), tobramycin (87.5%) and ciprofloxacin (84%), and the resistance to
amikacin was (75%).Conclusions: P. aeruginosa is multiresistant isolated in a high frequency from wound
swabs followed by ear swabs.

This study includes isolation and identification of urinary tract infections bacteria in children
(240) urine sample were collected from age (1 day – 5 years ) old who had signs and
symptoms of urinary tract infections . diagnosed by the physician at deferens city in Kirkuk
city for the period (1/10/2012 to 1/4/2013), the result showed a significant bacterial growth in
158 (65.8%) urine sample and 43 (27.22%) cases were males and 115 (72.78%) cases were
females. some factor related to the prevalence of disease were studied such as age, sex,
residence, educational level of parents and the distribution of infection through the study
period and health status of parents , the result showed that the highest proportion (30.44%) of
infection were within the age group (1 – 2 years) and (67.72%)of infection in children who
live in city ,the rate of monthly infection highest between November and February (22.15%)
(20.25%) and (58.8%) of infection children come from alliterated parents, and (54.43%) was
obtained from children their parents suffer from urinary tract infection , (24.68%) of infection
in children suffering the diabetes mellitus , (62.79%) in children who were non circumcision
and (48.10%) in children were suffer the diarrhea . The bacterial isolation were identified
according to microscopically and biochemical testing , gram negative E.coli was common
isolate(49.36%) followed by Klebsiella (20.25%), Proteus spp. (14.55%) and Pseudomonas
(6.32%), While gram positive bacteria staph. aureus represent (9.5%). Microscopic
examination of the patients urine sample to detect the present of pus cell, crystal,epithelium cell,cast, R.B.C as well as possible of deliberately bacteria in urine sediment under high
power of the microscope.The isolation were testes for antibiotic sensitivity using 10
antibiotics , some of them were commonly used for treatment of urinary tract infection in
children and the isolates showed high resistance against betalactam antibiotics ( Penicillin's )
while most of isolates were sensitive to Quinolones.

The main aims of this paper were to investigate the rate of spontaneous reactivation of
butyrylcholinesterase from plasma and serum of farm animals inhibited by the
organophosphorus, chlorfenvinphos and trichlorfon. Organophosphorus are among the
most toxic of all substances that cause poisoning in farm animals and are the most
frequently encountered insecticides, commonly detected in agricultural products, animalderived foodstuffs, environmental samples and home use and represent a significant
potential health risk.The first-order rate constants obtained for spontaneous reactivation
(ks) for chlorfenvinphosand trichlorfon for plasma and serum was ranged between 0.012 to
0.811h-1
, while aging of phosphorylated butyrylcholinesterase follows the kinetics of a firstorder reaction with rate constants aging (ka) ranged between 0.004to 0.653 h-1
. Half-time
(t1/2) for spontaneous reactivation and aging are higher in trichlorfon compared to
chlorfenvinphos and ranged from 1.1 to 28.9h (sheep), 2.1 to 63 h (cattle) and 2.8 to 53.3 h
(goat), respectively

The study carried on 40 women with breast cancer treated by radiotherapy at Atomic medical
center(Bagdad/Iraq) and Gülhane hospital (Ankara –Turkey) during 2007 . The data was
collected by direct interview with the patients whose age range was (48-75) years . The research
done after ( 2-11) years of treatment. Mild to severe type of mouth dryness was noticed in
almost all the cases with variety of teeth and gum problems.80% of the patients developed diabetes
mellitus, 30% of them were with no family history of disease.Edema of the arm (lymphoedema) in
the same side of the affected breast occurred in 25% of the patients. Cardiac manifestations
recorded in 15% including dyspnea due to congestion and pericardial effusion (diagnosed by
Echocadiography) , cardiacmyopathy due to radiotherapy may cause such manifestations .
Fibrosis of the lung causing shortness of breath on exertion and liability to chest infection and
allergy diagnosed by chest tomography in 10% of the patients. 10% of the patients developed cataract
in one eye (in the same side of the tumor).The ionizing radiation which is used in treatment of
malignancy may cause cell damage in healthy tissues exposed to it because of its high energy
capable to remove electron from the atoms in the biological molecules of the cells leading to their
damage and appearance of some clinical problems in the treated patients.Modern sophisticated
methods are designed such as radio-immunotherapy, conformal radiotherapy that match the
case precisely, using radio-sensitizer drugs and accurate dosing in order to reduce the unwanted
clinical effects of radiotherapy and the doctors have to balance the likelihood of cure with the risk
of side effects.

The study area is located in Kirkuk governorate in the north–eastern part of Iraq within
the footills zone which includes the transverse Kirkuk block that contains oilfield anticlines
(Baba, Bai Hassan and Khabaz) trending NW to SE. The previous studies have pointed out
that there are tectonic faults and sub-blocks in and around the study area.
The enhancement processings were applied on the available geophysical data in the
purpose of identifying the tectonic and structural implications via a correlation with the
previous petroleum and academic studies. The first directional derivatives of the gravity data
revealed the presence of three deep seated secondary blocks coinciding with the boundary of
central faulting and Kirkuk fault. The map of the math's difference between the maps
obtained by filters (8 & 90) delineated the sub-blocks boundaries. Furthermore, the math's
difference between the maps obtained by filter (8) and the original Bouguer is characterized
by associating with faults of south eastern parts of the study area. The map of math's
difference between geogridding and local polynomial data is also displayed that the
structures of Bai Hassan, Khabaz and Jambur representing a huge geological structure
(separated with saddles) parallel to Kirkuk structure.
The first directional derivative map of the geomagnetic data is also illustrated the
deep sub-blocks underneath the structures of the study area. As well, the map of the math's
difference between original total magnetic field and local polynomial is displayed the
presence of shallow magnetized bodies.

This work includes a detailed description of fleshfly instars, which were collected on
the dead animals and some of plant flowers in Erbil governorate from the period of
February until July/ 2013. The taxonomic keys for larval stages were prepared according to
the characters of anterior and posterior spiracles. Some of important parts were drawn. The
dates of collection and distribution localities were recorded.

In this study, aluminum-cupper alloys were prepared, where cupper amount was added to
aluminum in different percentages 4%, 5.5%.not exceeds degree of saturation 6% of the
weight of cupper. Alloys were prepared by melting and pouring in steel molds .Solution
heat treatment and aging are carried out at a constant temperature of 180 oC for different
aging times .Object of the present work is to study the effect of addition of cupper and heat
treatment on wear resistance of the pure aluminum .A pin – on-Disc technique was used to
evaluate wear rate of the specimens .Under variable laboratory condition represented by
effect of five different normal loads and five different sliding speed on wear rate were
examined for variable sliding time while hardness of steel disc was 35HRC .The result
shows that the wear rate increased with increasing applied normal loads and with
increasing sliding time .The result also show that the alloy Al-5.5%Cu has more wear
resistance than that of
Al-4%Cu .In additional, wear resistance were improved by heat treatment when compared
to the base alloys.