JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE

Ethanolic extract of the flower-head of matricaria chamomilla
which growing in Iraq showed the presence at last of two new flavonoids
quercetin (III) and isorhamnetin (IV), which gave a bright yellow colour
during TLC separating under U.V light. These compounds were
investigated on the basis of the comparison of their Rf-values in tables
and using quercetin as authentic sample for comparison.

A simple spectrophotometric method has been developed for the
determination of trifluoperazine hydrochloride in pure and in dosage
forms. The method is based on the oxidative coupling reaction with
sulfanilic acid in the presence of sodium hypochlorite in acetic acid
medium to give an red coloured product with absorption maximum at 510
nm. The product is stable for more than 6 h. Beer's law is obeyed over the
concentration range of 0.2–7.0 µg ml-1 with molar absorptivity of
Spectrophotometric determination of trifluoperazine via oxidative coupling …
٧
5.15×103
l.mol-1
cm
-1. Different experimental parameters affecting the
development and stability of the formed coloured product were carefully
studied and optimized and a proposal of the reaction pathway was
presented. The proposed method was applied successfully to the
determination of trifluoperazine hydrochloride in tablets and compared
favorably with the official method. Common excipients used as additives
in pharmaceutical preparations do not interfere in the proposed method.

This study investigates the cellular immune response in BALB/c mice
immunized with protoscoleces (PSC) of Echinococcus granulosus of sheep
origin, treated with direct electrical current, depending on some
immunological criteria including delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) and
mitotic activity of cells obtained from lymphoid organs, spleen and bone
marrow. The results revealed an increase in cellular immune response in
immunized groups compared with the control group infected for 3 months.
The Effect of Protoscoleces Treated With Direct Electrical Current on …
16
An obvious significant increase (P < 0.01) occurred in rate of foot pad
thickness 1.83 mm. in immunized group with PSC treated with direct
electrical current with potential 5.77mA/cm2
for 2 min. whereas, mice
immunized with PSC treated with direct current potential 11.82 mA/cm2
for
2min. too, led to significant increases (P <0.01) in rate of mitotic activity of
spleen and bone marrow cells, 61.8%, 70.1% for each, respectively.

Different colonial variants of Mutans Streptococci are observed on
sucrose containing media such as Mitis Salivarius Agar (MSA). Variation
in colony morphology seems to be related to synthesizing cell surface
Demonstration Of Altered Colony Morphology Of Mutans Streptococci …
٢٥
materials, namely; the glucan capsule. Saliva samples from 100 subjects
of both sexes aged from 7-52 years old were enrolled. Mutans Streptococci (MS) with various colony morphology and various degrees of adherence were demonstrated in the present study. The incidence of rough
colony morphology was shown to be 38% of the local isolates, in addition to that 56% of the saliva samples harbored one strain of Mutans
Streptococci, 40% of them had more than one and 4% were negative. The
mean DMFT/dmft (Decayed teeth + Missed teeth + Filled teeth) value
was 4, 5 respectively. The mean decayed teeth for samples with one
strain was 2.8 while samples with two or more strains had an average of
decayed teeth 3.6. which indicates that subjects harboring more than one
strain have a higher incidence of dental caries than those with one strain.
Eight Streptococcus mutans isolates (Mannitol and 2,3,5-
Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride positive.) showed various degrees of adherence which is known to be an important virulence factor of this microorganism.

Rainfall analysis is important in different domains such as:
agricultural planning, water resources plannings, runoff prediction,
climatological studies, environmental studies, stream flow estimation and
human life activities. Variation of rainfall with space and time were
studied in Duhok Governorate, Mean monthly, seasonal and annual
values of rainfall were found in different weather stations (Duhok,
Zakho, Semel, Zawaite, Sersing, Amedy and Akre station). Winter
months represent about 45-55% of the total annual rainfall. The annual
variability of rainfall in all these stations are high. Isoheytal method was
used to estimate the mean monthly values and mean annual values of
Variation of Rainfall with Space and Time in Duhok Government.
٣٣
rainfall over Duhok Governorate. Simple and Multiple Regression
Equation were found between rainfall and different meteorological
elements.

In this study, a new self-scaling VM algorithm for solving largescale nonlinear unconstrained optimization problems is proposed. The
new algorithm is a kind of line search procedure .The local convergence
theory for the BFGS matrix implementation of this variable metric is
applied to achieve a globally convergent property.Numerical experiments
have been done with the standard BFGS algorithm with very promising
results.

In this paper we study the solvability conditions under which certain
partial differential equation with homogenous boundary conditions
containing small parameter has a solution by using perturbation
technique.
Here we deal with the following partial differential equation
0 2 ϕ xx +ϕ yy + w ϕ =
with boundary conditions
(x, a)− (x,b) = 0 ϕ y ϕ y
and
Investigation of solvability conditions of certain boundary value problem …
٥٥
( , ) ( , ) 0 sin sin − = y=a+ kwx y=b+ kwx x y x y ε ε ϕ ϕ
where kw,w are constants and ε is small parameter.
According to this method, the solution of the problem is represented
by the first few terms of a perturbation expansion.

In an electronic color-imaging device, such as a digital camera,
using a single CCD (Charge Coupled Device) sensor, the color
information is usually acquired in sub-sampled patterns of Red (R),
Green (G) and Blue (B) pixels. The methodology to recover or interpolate
the missing color components is known as color demosaicing, a type of
image interpolation.
Demosaicing of True Color Images Using Adaptive Interpolation Algorithms.
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This paper introduces and compares some of the most popularly
demosaicing algorithms of adaptive type applied on true color images.
Another comparison is done between these methods and the non-adaptive
traditional methods. Also, a new method is invented, which depends on
both types.
The used images are of Bitmap type. Signal to noise ratio measure
is used as an objective quality metric. The results of comparison are
presented with some sampled images. Programming has been applied
using Visual C++ 6.0 programming language.

Detection of pornographic images can effectively prevent
pornographic images from spreading on the Internet. This research
proposes a new approach of pornographic images detector. Naive
Bayesian classifier is used by the proposed detector to identify potential
pornographic images. Skin and non-skin color models are constructed and
exploited by constructing a Bayesian decision rule based skin detector.
Several features are extracted from the output of skin detector which
forms the features vector. The naive Bayesian classifier is trained on
these features for both porn and non-porn classes. An experiment used
Constructing Pornographic Images Detector based on naïve Bayesian classifier.
٨٥
(136) images for training the pornographic images detector and (154)
images for testing it. The pornographic images detector is evaluated by
using sensitivity, precision, specificity and accuracy metrics. It achieves a
detective rate of (91.48%) with (6.67%) false positive rate.

The human iris is one of the best biometric features in the human
body for pattern recognition. In this paper, the iris recognition system is
described that consist of two main parts: image processing and its
recognition.
Image processing follows the capture of image, then followed by
image segmentation, then localization of iris region by determining the
inner and outer boundaries of the iris region and by removing the
eyelashes and eyelids.
To overcome the discrepancies in the iris region, a rectangular
shape with constant dimensions is proposed, which is represented by a set
of data following the normalization procedure.
Human Iris Recognition using Elman Neural Networks.
١٠٩
Using these data set as input data of the Elman Artificial Neural
Networks in order to classify the iris patterns. The adaptive learning
strategy could be applied to verify each iris image of a particular person.
This is done by using MATLAB®2008a.

The present study carried out to investigate the injuries caused by
50KHz radiofrequency at 1200 V on the histological components of the
eye of Garra rufa fish. The exposure to the radiofrequency completed at
tow different temperature degree 20 ± 1 °C, 24 ± 1 °C subsequenthy, for
tow weeks and one month three hours daily. The results showed that the
radiofrequency caused injuries on the structure of the eye. The injuries
appeared at 20 ± 1 °C less than injuries at 24 ± 1 °C. On the other hand
the injuries more severe at one month than at two weeks.
The injuries that appeared at 20 ± 1 °C for two weeks includes:
Necrosis and damage of corneal epithelium and stroma, as well as,
necrosis and atrophy of annular ligament. The injuries of iris appeared as
coagulation of some blood vessels and destruction of others, as well as,
bleeding occurred and degeneration of pigment and cilliary cells. In the
lens necrosis and anterior cortical cataract appeared. The injuries of the
choroid and retina varied at central and peripheral regions of the eye
globe. In the central choroid region bleeding and hyperplasia in tapetum
lucidum appeared, as well as, destruction of blood vessels occurred. In
the central retina the Bruch's membrane destroyed and the pigment
epithelium necrositized with odema. The rods necrositized and
compacted as groups. On the other, hand the numbers of cones reduced
and its myoids pyknoted. The nuclear of outer nuclear layer also
pyknoted and odema, necrosis and swelling of inner nuclear layer
occurred.
تأثير التردد الراديوي KHz ،٥٠ مع درجات حرارة مختلفة، في التركيب النسجي لعين سمكة الكركور ...
٢
After one month of exposure at 20 ± 1 °C the injuries more severe
in all eye components, as well as, injuries variation appeared at central
and peripheral parts of eye globe. The injuries appeared at 24 ± 1 °C were
more wide than at 20 ± 1 °C. After two weeks necrosis and pyknosis
appeared in the corneal epithelium and stroma as well as pyknoted of
Bowman's membrane, atrophy and pyknosis of annular ligament also
appeared. The iris components reduced and coagulation, necrosis and
hyperplasia also appeared.
In the lens, destruction and anterior cataract occurred. The injuries
occurred in the all components of choroids and retina. The exposure for
one month caused wide injuries in the corneal, iris, lens,choroid and
retinal components. These injuries include damage of most corneal
components and atrophy of iris and complete cataract of the lens.
Variations in the injuries appeared at the central and peripheral region of
the choroids. These injuries was wide damage of choroidal components.
On the other hand, the retinal pigment epithelium completely damaged.
The rods mostly damaged and the cones compacted, pyknoted and
appeared very thin. The outer nuclear layer damaged and reduced. The
other layers: Outer plexiform, ganglion cells, nerve fibers and optic nerve
pycnoted and odema appeaed in the optic nerve. Some of the blood
vessels in the choroids showed neoevascularization and some destroyed.
The peripheral retina showed destruction of pigment epithelium and the
most of the rods damaged and the cones reduced in number with damaged
of many of them. The outer nuclear layer pyknositized and its rows
redusced.

The study investigated the effect of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
which was extracted from Klebsiella pneumoniae on immune response of
BALB/c mice infected with secondary hydatid cyst of Echinococcus
granulosus.
The immunopathological changes accompanied with secondary
hydatid disease in mice were followed in comparison with the positive
control group (mice infected with hydatid disease but not activated with
LPS) and negative control group (mice neither activated with LPS nor
infected with hydatid disease) throughout (3-5) months period of the
experiments.
Criteria taken into consideration included the changes in numbers,
weights and diameters of the hydatid cysts and the percentage of their
reduction .In addition, changes in the weights of liver and spleen and their
organ index. The results revealed an obvious decrease in numbers,
weights and diameters of hydatid cysts grown in mice activated with LPS
in comparison with the positive control group, in all experiments,
supported by the reduction of the cyst number in activated mice. A
decrease in weight and organic index of the liver and variation in the
weight and organ index of spleen in activated mice.
Therefore, it may be concluded that the lipopolysaccharide
extracted from Klebsiella pneumoniae can be used as a non-toxic
activator (stimulator) of th

Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from 50 samples of minced
red meat, which was collected randomly from Mosul city then it was
diagnosed using selective media and biochemical test, the inhibitory
ackivity of extracts of seeds of pistacia vera which was protein. oil and
steroid test of this extracts was done on Listeria monocytogenes and
compared with bacterial standard antibioties. The Proteinous extract of
Pistacia vera showed a high inhibitory effect on Listeria monocytogenes
compared with oil and steroids extracts.
Eleotrophorosis was used in order to separate the Protein of
Porteinous extracts, the molecular weight of these Proteins were
determined. (20) ,(48), (54), (63), (130). Killodaltone, respectivly.

This study conducted to explore the effect of Cyperus rotundus L.
on growth and development of protoscolces in the liver tissue of swiss
white mices infected with protoscolces of Echinococcus granulosus
collected from hydatid cysts of sheep.
Study include four groups (n = 10 each) 1 st group considered
control negative, 2nd control positive (infected with protoscolces only) 3rd
& 4th group treated with Cyperus rotundus L. dose (0.5 mg / kg body
weight) + protoscolces of Echinococcus granulosus.
Results of this study showed presence of histopathological changes
in liver tissue represented by granuloma with presence of structureless
hydatid cysts in some sections, on the other hand sever fatty changes,
vacuoler degeneration focci, cuffening of mononuclear inflammatory
cells, focal area of coagulative necrosis in addition to hemosiderine &
bilirubine pigmentation have been seen.

This study was conducted to follow up the histopathological
changes in kidney of mice experimentally infected with tissue cysts of
Toxoplasma gondii, isolated from placenta of women, ewes, and does
naturally infected at 3-120 days via inoculation 1 ml suspension
intraperitoneally (i.p).
Results of this study showed presence of pathological lesions from
the third day up to 120 days post infection depending on period of
infection. In kidney cortex pathological lesions were characterized by
vacuolar degeneration in epithelial lining of convoluted tubules
associated with acute cell swelling, congestion of blood vessels
accompanied with the presence of focal area of coagulative necrosis
mixed with tachyzoites, infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells
(lymphocytes), also invasion of tachyzoites into epithelial cell lining
tubules has been seen.
Hypertrophy of glomerula has been seen, dilation of bowman
spaces, congestion of capillaries in glomerular tuft as well as
accumulation of tachyzoites, and infiltration of inflammatory with
lymphocytes in and around the glomerula, also has been seen. Tissue
cysts appeared at 7 days post infection in kidney of mice infected with
does isolates, while tissue cysts appears after 14 days post infection in
kidneys of mice infected with women and ewes isolates.
Histopathological lesion that mentioned above observed in kidney
of mice infected with does isolate was more intensive, concomitant, with
pelvis arteriosclerosis invasion of tachyzoites into arterial wall,
granulomatous lesion appeared in nephron tissue of kidney 40-120 days
post infection.

This study was conducted to investigate the histopathological and
histochemical changes in hypertensive placentae as compared with
normotensive placentae. The result showed presence of histopathologic
lesions in hypertensive placentae represented by necrosis, fibrine
deposition and desquamation of Cyncytiotrophobl asts as well as changes
in maternal and fetal blood vessels.
Also, the result showed histochemical changes represented by
highly positive reaction with periodic acid schiffs (PAS) as compared
with normotensive Placenta, and moderate positive with A.B at ph 2.5,
and positive reaction with best carmine in hypertensive placentae.
In concoulosion, this study showed presence of histopathological
and histochemical changes in hypertensive placentae as compared with
normotensive

Polyamine Oxidase (PAO) (EC: 1.5.3.11) activity in serum of (20)
cases of Untreated Thalaessamia, aged Six month to one year of both
sexes, and (50) children of treated thalassmia, aged 1.5 to 15 years of
Both sexes, and (50) normal children, aged six month to 15 years of both
sexes also.
In the Present investigation the activity of PAO in blood of untreated
and treated cases of thalaessmia was compared with in normal children.
The results obtained showed PAO specific activity in haemolysate of
red blood corpuselus and serum of untreated children was (0.641 ± 0.320)
and (0.101 ± 0.005) respectively, while the mean value of activity in
treated children was (7.574 ± 0.929) and (1.900 ± 0.648) in the
haemolysate and serum respectively Compared with (3.019 ± 0.2041) and
(0.352 ± 0.120) in the haemolysate and serum respectively, statistical
analysis showed a significant of activity in normal child, treated and
untreated children (P ≤ 0.05), there is no sex significant in (PAO)
activity, while age have significant effect in (PAO) activity.

Scabies occurrence was investigated in Nineveh governorate
consultancies. The percentages of scabies in Nineveh consulting hospitals
were 4.3% (in 2000), 7.5% (in 2001), 7.7% (in 2002), 35.5% (in 2003),
36.6% (in2004), 22.5% (in 2005), 28.6% (in 2006). The highest
percentage of infection was in 2003 and 2004, while the lowest was in
2000. The percentage of infection with scabies varied according to sex
and environment, inadition to seasons. The results revealed that highest
percentage of infection was in hot months, males and urban regions.
These results were discussed and compared with the relevant researches
in this perspective. Furthermore, diagnostic, prevention and therapeutic
fundamentals were explained.

Twenty Escherichia coli strains from faecal samples of broiler
chickens and blood, urine and diarrhea samples from humans were
isolated and it’s sensitivity to (13) antibiotics were studied, they showed
absolute resistance to two antibiotics, including, Cephalothin and
Vancomycin.
It also showed high resistance (50%) for Gentamicin, Escherichia
coli strains isolated from broilers chickens showed higher resistance for
five antibiotics: Nitrofurantion, Nalidixic acid, Chloramphenicol,
Kanamycin and Ciprotfloxacin than human isolates.
While Escherichia coli strains isolated from broilers chickens
faecal samples showed lower resistance than those isolated from humans
for other five antibiotics: Tetracycline, Cefixime, Trimethoprim,
Cefotaxime, Cephalexin

The present study tackles the effect of He – Ne laser light on the
electric characteristics and the performance of Si - solar cell. A He – Ne
laser light of (λ = 632.8 nm) wavelength and (1mW) power has been used
to irradiate the solar cells in two modes: continuous wave (cw) and
discontinuous at chopper frequency (25 Hz) at different periods of time
of irradiation. Measurements of I–V at experimental solar radiation
intensity of (40.6 mW/cm2
) have been made at room temperature. In
these measurements the short circuit current (Isc), the open circuit voltage
(Voc), and the fill factor (FF) have been studied, then the efficiency of the
solar cell has been found. The results have shown that the solar cells
irradiation by the continuous laser light led to inconsistent increase in the
values of cell performance parameters, i.e. the value of Isc is higher than
its original value before irradiation, in addition to the increase in the cell
efficiency as the time of irradiation increases. On the contrary, we have
noticed that these values have increased when the cells are irradiated by
the discontinuous laser light.

tract
The linear thomson scattering had been studied and optimum angle
between the laser and electron beams obtained. The result show that for
optimum value of Coff. pulse width and cross section area of interaction
was obtained at an angle (α = 4.70 rad).

The interactive with information considers a large problem
specially in transformation of information that need a top security and
storage.
Therefore, it was necessary using the artificial neural network ,that
consider from the modern application in artificial intelligent, if it
dependent on biological bases in simulation human behavior.
This search dependent on the idea of cipher by the use of
decimated alphabet cipher and for the purpose of increasing the security
of cipher data ,the feed is done on the artificial neural network, which is
the (Mexican Hat Net) to enter the cipher text for the purpose of
increasing the security of the text and then decipher.
The result provide the ability of ciphering by using the decimated
alphabet cipher method with Mexican Hat Net and then decipher and
checked the correct of the results in the operation of decipher keeping on
the security of these cipher data from hackers by this algorithm.

A theoretical study has been presented for the calculation of
phonon focusing for the ballistic phonons in multi layer superlattice. The
calculated image has been discussed on the base of the slowness and
group velocity surfaces. The phonon group velocity is calculated from the
dispersion relation. The shell model and Sangster and Atwood potential
which prove its success with alkali hailed crystals had been used to
calculate the dispersion relation for the crystals in this study. The zone
folding has been observed, which occurs as a result of the periodic
structure of the superlattice crystal. in the present study it appear in one
choices of the unit cell. An efficient algorithm has been used for the
calculation of the slowness and group velocity surfaces, which is the fast
and more precise in accumulated necessary points to draw the surfaces
and phonon images. This algorithm depends on an iterative calculations
for finding the position of the given point of the wave vector on the
slowness surface. To calculate the phonon images in the dispersion region
for the superlattice crystal, an algorithm for the branch separation has
been modified depending on the continuity properties of the eigen values
and eigen vectors. To present the images of the phonon focusing inside
the crystal without any losses of any information and give a full
description of gray level of the image, code has been constructed based
on the histogram equalization algorithm has been written for process and
enhancement the images.

Bayesian Inference depends in general on the use of prior
information about the unknown parameters ( , ,..., ) θ =θ1 θ 2 θ n to be
estimated as such parameter random variables rather than constant
quantities and add that prior information the sample information which is
the information in the form of a prior information function and could we
know that it is symptomatic of all the information And experiences on
parameters and features to be reached in advance through analysis or
control of those features. The distribution function of observations of the
current sample (Y) depends on the parameters (θ ) and denoted by
f (Y θ ) , in this research Bayesian Inference in the classification has been
used with application on discriminant analysis approach for sample of
students Technical Institute (Nineveh) the accounting department where
the study included (85) students Two of the morning and evening study
also included eight variables representative of school materials and taught
in the accounting department (second stage), the results of the analysis
showed that there are (17) observation was wrongly classified among (85)
observation, and the proportion of misclassification (20%).