Kirkuk Journal of Science

The aim of this paper is to evaluate and compare impacts of mechanical and electrical down
tilt angles of antenna systems to the downlink performance of the sulaymaniya base station. By
depending on same height, in three dimensions. The effect of mechanical and electrical
antenna down tilt angles have been studied in terms. Simulation studies are performed for
sulaymaniya base station. Using the same height measurement by power meter simulator
modeling of electrical and mechanical antenna tilt and propagation in three dimensions. In
this paper a comparison made between the mechanical and electrical tilt antenna angle for five
different intersite directions by choosing Alinaji, Ashty new , Bakhtiary, Industry, and
Shoqakan sites in sulaymaniya base station, using the same height, in three sectors.
Simulation results indicate that optimum down tilt angle depends on the network environment
also showed that different environments may lead to different optimization results in terms of
capacity and coverage performance.

Amebiasis caused by Entamoeba histolytica is a third leading causes of death in worldwide.
Little is known about its occurrence of parasite in subjects with cancer patients after
receiving chemotherapy. This study aimed to determine, the frequency of E. histolytica in
cancer patient admitted to oncology department in Kirkuk Teaching Hospital . Fresh stool
specimens collected from 93 patients, their age group ranged from 1-90 years during
Febrauary -2013to Feb 2014. E. histolytica /E.dispar were determined in 10/93 (10.7%) by
microscopic examination while 33/ 93 (35.5%) detected by the E. histolytica / E. dispar
olyclonal ElLISA tests. E. histolytica/ E. dispar infection were higher in patients with
hematogenous cancer (64.4%) as compare with solid tumor (30.8%) .

Optical Burst Switching (OBS) is one of the suggested that switching paradigms be used in
Internet-Protocol over Wavelength Division Multiplexing (IP over WDM) networks along
with Optical Circuit Switching (OCS) and Optical Packet Switching (OPS). It combines the
advantages of both OCS and OPS and avoids their limitations. Hence, OBS technology is a
promising solution for the backbone of next-generation Internet. Since OBS networks are
anticipated to be the core for variety of applications, an appropriate Quality of Service
(QoS) algorithm is essential to handle the task. One of the major concerns in OBS
networks is contention resolution, especially in the case of composite burst assembly.
Composite burst assembly scheme suggests the assembling packets of different classes of
services into a data burst. In this study, composite burst assembly with a different
segmentation size scheme is deployed. Hence, at the ingress (edge) node of OBS network
aggregates the arrival low-priority packets into small segments in the data burst while the
higher-priority packets are placed into large segments in the data burst. At the core
(intermediate) nodes of OBS network, when contention occurs, dropping small segments of
burst is deployed. However, the mechanisms are evaluated in terms data loss, and it is
observed that the high-priority data have significantly lower losses, when compared to the
low-priority data. In addition, based on simulation results, it is shown that an adequate
QoS level could be achieved with a simple and easy modification to the OBS with burst
segmentation strategy

Chemical and physical properties of underground water samples were investigated from
Kirkuk city and its regional neighborhood such as Alto Kopry and Daquq. These samples
were collected from nineteen different locations in these zones including drinking water
network of Kirkuk city.
These samples that were tested quality of North Gas Company (NGC). The tests carried
out were the determination of PH value, dissolved solids, hardness, ion concentrations and
electrical conductivity.
The results showed that the collected samples were free from bacterial contamination, as
well as some properties exceeded the permissible limits and others were within limits. As a
general conclusion, Kirkuk network water was better than its surrounding regions. Some
wells in Alton Kopry and Daquq were acceptable for human use whereas others required
chemical treatment.

The research presented in this paper was aimed to develop a recognition system for
microscopic images of human tissues samples. The system should classify different types of
tissues (i.e., Breast, Liver and blood cells). In this paper, co-occurrence matrix, run length
matrix features combined with developed method to measure the roughness were used to
extract a set of textural features in order to perform texture analysis for tissues samples. A
feed forward neural network was used to classify different types of tissues according to the
extracted feature vectors. For ANN training purpose the back-propagation training
algorithm was used. Evaluation tests were carried on 550 tissues images. The test results
indicated that the best attained success rate was around 93%. The proposed system was
implemented using “visual basic.net” and all tests be done on windows operating system
environment.

The output of fuzzification process, a fuzzy data, is unsuitable for real time applications
and needs to be converted into a crisp value. The process of defuzzification is very
important and has a significant impact on the overall performance of a fuzzy inference
system. This paper proposes a VLSI architecture of a mean max membership (MMM)
defuzzification method. The MMM of defuzzification is simple and is being generally used
in comparison to more complex centre of gravity defuzzification method. The proposed
architecture is modeled in very high speed hardware description language (VHDL) and
implemented in Vertex-4 field programmable gate array (FPGA). The functional analysis
has revealed that the proposed architecture is implementing MMM based defuzzifier
accurately.

In this paper, measurements were carried out of the calculated attenuation of the ranges
gamma rays energy(279,356,479,662) KeV and using radioactive sources (Hg203, Ba133, W189
,
Cs137). In the current results has determined (μL, μm) by using Monte Carlo simulation (i.e.
through the account of each of the intensity falling and intensity transmit in samples
proposed in search ) .permission has been drawing relationship graphs between the logarithm
of the absorbance and thickness proposed for each of the ionic crystals (CsI, CdTe), hence
slope graphs relationship represents attenuation coefficient linear and thereafter are
calculated attenuation coefficient mass through during the relationship the following (μm = μL
/ ρ), and the results showed the current search using the Monte Carlo that the values of
coefficients mass attenuation of gamma rays in crystals (CsI, CdTe) converge and overlap with
each other at high energies the fact that the attenuation depends vitally on Compton scattering
, either the values of attenuation coefficients linear showed a variation the obvious fact that the
attenuation coefficient depends on the density of the absorbed . Addition, the study was
examine to calculate the total atomic cross section and electron density, and the results of this
study showed good agreement with the XCOM package.

K-3 solution cavity is located within Haditha area, Western Iraq. The measurements of
Graphical Bristow's method were carried out by using Pole-dipole array, to evaluate the
method to detect the dimension of a relatively large natural cave. The cave resulted due to
the dissolve of carbonate rocks within Euphrates Formation (Miocene). The actual depth
and height of the cave are 38.8m and 29.5m respectively.
Two traverses with a-spacing equal to (5m) and length of about 100m are achived, in
South- North and West -Eest direction above the cave site. The data interpretation detect
the cavity elongate along West -Eest traverse of 58.6m and indicate an error not exceeded
3% in depth and 2% in height values. The results are concluded that this method is useful
to be able to detect subsurface cavities and voids.

Background: hypertension also known as increase of blood pressure is consider a main
factor for heart and vascular disease around world . More than 60 % around world
suffering from hypertension and lead to dead more than nine million patients per year.
Aim of the study:- In order to assess patients knowledge and life-style practices for
hypertensive patients in rural area of Kirkuk city , find out the relationship between
patients knowledge and some socio-demographic characteristic ( age and gender ).
Methodology A descriptive study of a quantitative design was conducted at Alhwija General
Hospital in Alhawija district for hypertension patients in Kirkuk city from 3rd
July 2013
to the 20th
of March 2014. A non-probability (purposive) sample of (200) definitely
diagnosed hypertension patients selected from adult patients who were attended to Alhwija
General Hospital . For the purpose of data collection, a questionnaire format was
constructed which contains (57 ) Demographic data include ( 6 ) items , medical data
include (6) items knowledge of the Patients include (36) items and life-style practices for
hypertensive patients include (9) items. Statistical analysis was used of 3- likert scale
option was used in the rating scale as: (3) for yes , (2 ) for uncertain ,and ( 1 ) for no.
Content validity was determined by presenting the questionnaire to a panel of (10) experts.
The data were collected through the interviewing . They were analyzed through the
application of descriptive statistical analysis (frequency and percentage) and inferential
statistical data analysis (chi-square) , T. test and ANOVAs .
Results :-The findings of the study indicated that No (62%) of the patients were in age
group between (45_64)years , No(74%) were females, No(73%) married ,(73% ) were
house wife, (55%) illiterate, (53%) had middle monthly income, also the study show most of the sample were not cigarette smokers that represent (86%),and family history for
Hypertension and represent (57.5% )
Conclusions:- The study concluded 70% of the patients have inadequate knowledge related
to disease, and 65% of them have inadequate practice regarding to the hypertension
control . Also the study concluded that there is a highly significant relationship between
hypertension patient’s age and their knowledge.
Recommendation :-Based on the results , the study recommended Educational programs
should be designed to increase people knowledge , awareness about their life style .Booklet
should be prepared and presented to the patients to advise them to leave high amount salt
intake, encourage patients about exercise which is considered one of the contributing
factors for hypertension and construct a specialized modern centers for dealing
hypertensive patients

Literatures survey indicates that no such study carried out concerning strain measurement and
analysis in the concerned area. The well-known field and laboratory work carried out. An
accurate ellipse was determined for each ab, bc and ac planes for each formation exposed in
Baba dome using Matlab program with a relatively new toolbox (Polylx). Then for each
sample the mentioned ellipses was mathematically compiled to generate strain ellipsoid with
long, intermediate and short axes with their orientations using Mathcad software. Then the
long and short axes of strain ellipsoids projected on ab plane and delineated. Because Baba
dome took the present form during last phase of Alpine Orogeny (Miocene -Pliocene) with
contemporaneous deposition of Mio- Pliocene formations, the present study deduced that the
strain is directly proportional to the stress i.e. elastic deformation. Therefore, the orientation of
short axes of strain ellipsoids should coincide with orientation of maximum stress axes giving
rise the orientation of maximum stress direction in sampled station.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycaemia resulting
from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both, and occurs in almost all
populations of the world a variable prevalence. In the present study we evaluated the effect
of glibenclamide, and tomato lycopene extract on blood glucose, enzymatic antioxidants,
glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in 50 alloxan induced diabetic
rabbits. The results showed a significant (P < 0.001) increase in the level of glucose,
HbA1c, MDA in alloxan diabetic rabbits in comparison to the control rabbits. A Significant
decrease in the level of serum glucose, HbA1c, and MDA in alloxan diabetic rabbits when
received glibenclamide daily as single dose 0.5 mg/kg body weight for 20 weeks, and2and 4
mg/kg of tomato lycopene extract for 20 weeks respectively. The result of this study showed
a significant (P <0.05) decrease in the mean of serum catalase in alloxan diabetic rabbits in
comparison with control group after treatment with 0.5 mg/kg glibenclamide, and 2, 4
mg/kg of lycopene extract a significant (P <0.05)increase in serum catalase was observed in
alloxan diabeticrabbit.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of glibenclamide and tomato products on
antioxidative status in alloxan induced diabetic rabbits.

Orbital maneuver transfer time is traditionally accomplished using direct numerical
sampling to find the mission design with the lowest delta-ʋ requirements. The availability of
explicit time series solutions to the Lambert orbit determination problem allows for the total
delta-ʋ of a series of orbital maneuvers to be expressed as an algebraic function of only the
individual transfer times. Series solution was applied for Hohmann transfer and Bi-elliptic
transfer and comparing between Hohmann transfer and Bi-elliptic transfer for long
distance. It has been concluded that Hohmann transfer is more appropriate when the ratio
of radius of final orbit to initial orbit ( ) is less than 11.94.
The purpose of this work is to minimize total full requirements, as well known that no
refueling station in space, then using the computed ∆ʋ for determining the mass propellant
consumed , at different specific impulse of the propellants, help us to carefully plane a
mission to minimize the propellant mass carried on the rocket.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a common disease in Iraq, especially in the central part of the
country. Several treatments have been suggested for this disease but none is completely
effective and without side effects. Several researches are focused on the development of
alternative treatments. The present work aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ultra violet light,
laser lights, and Nigella sativa alcoholic extract on the viability of Leishmania tropica
promastigote in vitro.
The study included exposure Leishmania tropica promastigote stage in vitro cultured to 2,
4, 6, 8 minutes of ultra violet light and laser lights, also exposure to 40, 50, 60, 70 mg/ml
concentrations of Nigella sativa alcoholic extract, then evaluated their effects on
replication number and parasiticidal rate of parasite.
It was found that there was significant decrease at level(p≤0.05) in replication number of
Leishmania tropica promastigotes groups which exposed to 40, 50, 60, 70 mg/ml of
alcoholic extract of Nigella sativa, while there was significant decrease at level(p≤0.05) in
replication number of groups exposed to 6, 8 minute of laser helium neon light and in
groups exposed to 4, 6, 8 minute of laser diode light, and there was no significant decrease
at level(p≥0.05) in replication number of groups exposed to 2, 4, 6, 8 minute of ultra violet
light in comparison with control groups on the day 5 of incubation. There was increased in
parasiticidal rate of Leishmania tropica promastigote stage with increasing the time and the
concentration of exposure to radiation lights and the alcoholic extract, it was 0%, 25%47%, 57% on 2min,40mg/ml respectively and reached to 4%, 68%, 86%, 90% on
8min,70mg/ml respectively under exposure to ultra violet light, laser helium neon light,
laser diode light and Nigella sativa of alcoholic extract on the day 5 of incubation.
It can be concluded that the efficacy of Nigella sativa alcoholic extract was significantly
higher than that of ultra violet light, laser helium neon light, laser diode light in decreasing
the replication number, and increasing the parasiticidal rate of Leishmania tropica
promastigote stage.

The purpose of the present work study the experimental of electron momentum density for
CaCl2 which is measured for the first time by imploying 100mCi 241Am Compton
spectrometer. To compare experimental momentum densities the Compton profiles has
been studied using Hartree–Fock within linear combination of atomic orbitals(LCAO) and
simple ionic model. The experimental isotropic profiles are found to be relatively in better
agreement with the Hartree–Fock data. To evaluate the charge transfer the ionic model for
number of configuration of (Ca+x)(Cl-x/2)2 has been used to estimate the charge transfer on
compound formation. This model supports transfer of 0.5 electrons from 4S
state of each Ca Atom to 3P State of Cl2.

A total of two hundred and fourteen outpatient and inpatient children their ages ranged from
1day to 14 years, whether symptomatic or asymptomatic were studied for urinary tract
infections (UTIs) during the period (February to May 2012) at Rapareen Teaching Hospital
for Children in Erbil City. Urine samples were collected and examined using microscopic,
dipstick test for detection of leukocyte esterase and culture techniques. Isolated organisms
were identified using microscopical, morphological and biochemical tests (including recent
Vitek 2 system) and the results showed that positive urine cultures were detected in 134 (62.6
%) children, among females were 98 (73 %), while among males were 36 (27 %).
Microorganisms that had been isolated from urine culture were mainly Escherichia coli 70
(52.2 %) followed by others. The isolates appeared to be varied in their resistance to
antibiotics, and the highest resistance were for ampicillin 67 (95.7 %), while the most effective
antibiotic used was imipenem .Total E.coli isolates also tested for their ability to produce
hemolysin and the results showed that 27 (38.5%) were α-hemolysin, 9 (12.8%) β-hemolysin
and 34(48.5%) were γ-hemolysin producers.. Out of 70 Escherichia coli isolates, 41 (58.5%)
were found to be ESBLs producers, while 29 (41.4%) were non ESBLs producers. The plasmid
profile of studied E.coli isolates revealed that plasmids were found in 64 (91.6%) of isolates
with different molecular weights ranged from 1- more than10 kbp. Curing of plasmid DNA
content were conducted using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and elevated temperature at 46Co
The results revealed that the curing percentage for isolate E3 was (50%) while for isolate E25
was (41.6%) for antibiotics understudy. On the other hand these two isolates when incubated at
46 Co
the curing percentage were (66.6%) and (58.3%) respectively. Also the cured colonies
tested for their ability to produce ESBLs and the results demonstrated that the cured colonies
cannot produce ESBL indicating that the genes responsible for this trait are plasmid situated.
Among 70 UPEC isolates, 61(87.1%) UPEC were positive for the existance of aerobactin
virulence gene using PCR.

Conjugate gradient methods constitute excellent neural network training methods
characterized by their simplicity efficiency and their very low memory requirements. In this
paper, we propose a new scaled conjugate gradient neural network training algorithm
which guarantees descent property with standard Wolfe condition. Encouraging numerical
experiments verify that the proposed algorithm provides fast and stable convergence.
Keywords: Feed-forward Neural networks, training algorithms

Metabasaltes are exposed in the Bulfat complex north of Qaladeza that is a part of the
Northwestern Zagros Suture Zone (NZSZ).Petrographic and geochemical study of
metabasaltes have been conducted in order to provide insights into the origin and evolution of
magmatism found at Neotethyian subducted plate margins and to determine their protolith
nature and geodynamic setting. The whole rock chemistry indicates basalt to andesite
composition for the metabasaltes. The geochemical investigation strongly suggests that the
metabasaltes are derived from calic alkaline basalt and were emplaced in arc tectonic setting.

The quality of drinking water is a crucial factor for human health. The objective of this study
was to assess the physico chemical and biological characteristics of the various sources of
drinking water in the city of Halabja, Iraqi Kurdistan. Forty water samples were collected and
analyzed for physic-chemical and biological characteristics. The study included 27 samples
from municipality wells and 13 samples from household tap water. Analysis was done for
physico-chemical parameters including pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids
(TDS), total hardness (TH), Chloride (Cl ) , Alkality M, Alkality P, Aluminum (Al) , Copper
(Cu) , Calcium (Ca) , Boron (B) and MPN .The results were compared with the standards
prescribed by World Health Organization (WHO). All the physico –chemical parameters were
found to be within allowable limits. It can, therefore, be concluded that the groundwater in the
study area is suitable for drinking and other household purposes. But From the pH values it is
clear that the ground water of the study area is alkaline in nature and the total hardness varies
between 203-323 mg/l which indicate that water in the deep aquifer is hard hence suggested to
Halabjah water director to soften the tube well water before consumption. There were no
statistically significant differences between water samples from wells and households in terms
of these parameters. Although the drinking water of the area is considered safe. Nevertheless
biological surveillance is need especially in hot weather

The present investigation includes a comparative study of numerical solution methods with
analytical solution for one dimensional transient conduction problems. For this purpose,
six different materials were selected and distributed in two groups (metallic and
nonmetallic) materials. Group of metallic materials were such as pure copper, pure
Aluminum and Iron, whereas a group of nonmetallic materials such as sandstone, concrete
and building brick. Four numerical solution methods were selected as (finite difference,
thermal capacitance, and finite element) and also Ansys program to compare them with
analytical solution. The simulation results showed that the error ratio between numerical
solutions and analytical solution would be higher at the transient period in all materials,
while this ratio decreased when the case of the materials would reaches steady state, and
the results indicated that the materials having high thermal conductivity would give less
error ratio in the beginning of simulation than other materials which had low thermal
conductivity.

Back ground: The aim of this study is to estimate the relation of salivary sodium,
potassium, pH, and flow rate with dental caries - experiences.
Materials and Methods: In this study; 40 healthy- looking subjects were participated, their
ages were (18-25) years old included (18) females and (22) males. Dental caries was
recorded using DMFS (Decayed, Missed, and Filled) surfaces index teeth and. stimulated
saliva was collected before clinical measurement and chemically analyzed to determine the
concentrations of sodium, potassium Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer then salivary
pH estimated by using pH meter, and flow rate (ml/min) was estimated by dividing saliva
volume (ml) by the fixed collected time (min), All data were analyzed using SPSS version
13.
Results: The statistical analysis for the salivary sodium, potassium in both study (with
caries) and control (free from caries) groups showed no significant difference in mean 0.9,
0.67 respectively (P>0.05). This is corresponds with the salivary pH and flow rate in both
study (with caries) and control (free from caries) groups 0.98, 0.61 respectively (P>0.05).
Conclusion: There are no relation between salivary sodium, potassium, pH, and flow rate
with dental caries experience.

The study describes effect of composition parameter, x, and annealing-temperature, Ta , on
structural, and optical properties of (ZnO)1-x(TiO2)x thin-films prepared by sol-gel method.
Experimental results are explained and theoretical equations are suggested for opticalenergy-gap, Eg, and Urbach-energy, Eu in terms of their variation with (x) and (Ta). With
increased x and Ta, Eg decreases whereas Eu increases. The behavior of Eg was explained by
evoking that increasing x will randomize the crystal periodicity, and that annealing
temperature (400,500, and600)⁰C relaxes the structure more towards better crystalline forms.
The increase of Eu with increased x was attributed to the lower mass of Ti ions as compared to
that of Zn ions. Generally, making composites destroys the crystalinity observed in pure ZnO
and pure TiO2 films but annealing does improve the quality of the film in terms of its degree
of crystal structure

Effect of Uracil’s derivatives on enzyme glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) for
sample of normal human and some types of leukemia patients, acute lymphatic(ALL) (11
cases), acute mylosyticl (AML) (4 cases), acute mylomonocyticl (AMOL) (2cases), acute
pro- mylocyticl (APL) (3 cases), chronic mylobid (CM) (4 cases) and chronic lymphatic
(CLL) (4 cases) is investigated. The ages of patients are between (10-69 years). Some
synthesized derivatives of uracil were used as an inhibitors and a comparison between the
activity of (GOT) in the presence and absence of inhibitors for two-types of serums under
the same conditions is studied. The percentage of inhibition and type of inhibition is also
included in this study, which was showed degree of inhibitions in normal individuals
between (31% - 73%) and degree of inhibitions in patient’s individuals between (25% -
80%) which showed that inhibition was significantly higher in the sera of patient with
leukemia. The activity was determined colorimetrically by Retiman and Frankel method.

In this study the assessment of indoor radon concentration in the air of Qaysare in Erbil
city have been studied by using CR-39 Solid–State Nuclear Track Detector Technique. A
total of 18 selected zones inside the suq have been selected to place the dosimeters. The
average radon concentration was found to be 21.54 ± 8.017 Bq/m3
,which is fortunately
lower than the standard international limit from 200-600 Bq/m
3
as recommended by ICRP,
IAEA. The potential alpha energy concentration and annual effective dose have been
calculated. A proportional relationship between the annual effective dose and radon
concentration within the studied region has been certified.

In this paper nanostructures Porous silicon layers have been prepared by electrochemical
etching (ECE) technique of (111) P-type silicon wafer with a solution Electrolytic HF:
ethanol at a concentration of 1:2 with various anodization currents and etching time of 20
min. The morphological, structural and optical properties of nanostructure porous silicon
were investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and
Photoluminescence (PL) respectively. From AFM images, we found that the PS layer has
sponge like structure, and average diameter of pore and thickness of PS layer increased
with increasing of the anodization currents. X-ray diffraction show that the crystal size was
reduced toward nanometric scale, and then a broadening of diffraction peaks (111) was
observed. The band gap of the samples was measured through the photoluminescence (PL)
peak.

The synthesis, characterization and biological activity of new complexes of Cu2+, Mn2+, Co2+
,
Zn2+ and Ni2+ ions with derivatives ligand from N-hydroxy methyl saccharin and 8-hydroxy
quinoline were described and studied.
The new prepared complexes (ligands) were characterized by elemental analysis, molar
conductance, IR, H
1
-NMR and C13
-NMR spectroscopy studies. Coordination of the ligand
atom to the metal ions was deduced by IR. All the complexes have been screened for
antibacterial and antifungal.