Kirkuk Journal of Science

Background: Head lice infestation is one of the most important health problems
throughout of the world. The species which cause pediculosis in humanus beings is
Pediculus humanus capities.
Objectives: The aim of the current study is to estimate the distribution of head lice
among local and displaced secondary school girls to assess haemoglobin and packed
cell volume in Kirkuk city.
Methods: The hair of all students was examined by researchers and blood samples
were drawn from each student for determination of haemoglobin concentration and
PCV percentage.
A questionnaire form was filled for each student including personal and family
information. The student t-test was used to show significant difference of PCV and
Hb between lice infested and non infested students.
Results: The overall rate of head lice infestation among secondary students girls was
34.7% (displaced 42.7% and local 26.7%). The highest rate of infestation was among
16-18 years and lowest was among 13-15 years. The highest rate in displaced students
was among middle educated status, while in local students among low educated
status. The PCV and Hb values in infested girls were lower than non- infested ones.

In this paper , we introduces a new definition in bi-supra topological space , called
M-θ- ii- open and via this definition , we introduce a new types of functions called
quasi M-θ-ii-continuous functions which unifies some weak forms of quasi θ-iicontinuous functions in bi-supra topological spaces and investigate their properties.

Piperidine is heterocyclic amine used as starting material for preparation
piperidine dithiocarbamate (pipdtc).add the some transition metal salt of this ligand
with ethylinediamine gave complexes of the types:[M(pipdtc)2en], [M(pipdtc)3] when
the ratio, (M: pipdtc:en,1:2:1), ( M: pipdtc.1:3) respectively . The ligand
dithiocarbamate (pipdtc) behaves as a bidentate and coordinated to the metal ion
centers either through sulfur atoms and through nitrogen atoms of the
ethylenediamine All the synthesized ligand and complexes are characterized by
elemental analyses, conductivity, infrared, electronic spectra and susceptibility
measurements and theoretical Calculations . From the obtained data octahedral
geometry for the complexes have been suggested.

Fatha was studied in two sections at Alqayyara area southern of Mosul.
Petrographically, Sands Fatha indicated composed of quartz monocrystalline and
polycrystalline type, while the feldspar forming mostly of plagioclace feldspar and Kfeldspar. The rock fragments mostly come of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary
origins. Fat’ha Formation is affected by diagenetic process such as Cementation,
Compaction, Neomorphism and Dissolution. limestone beds contain sedimentary
structures the effect of environmental factors on shallow environments. The current
study showing that the Fatha Formation contains fossils, trace fossils, high percent
benthonic foraminifera (Rotallida and Miliolida) and low other fossil such as
mollusca.

Two new species are recorded Chiasmolithus Jaddalaensis sp.nov. and Tribrachiatus sinjarensis sp.nov. from surface type section Jaddala Formation (Early- Middle Eocene) that exposed at southern limb of Sinjar anticline, northwestern Iraq

The present work is about a design and manufacturing process of a pin-on-disk
apparatus which is used as a test method for determining the wear of any two sliding
materials. The aim of this paper is to give an information about the design steps and
manufacturing procedure for the pin-on-disk apparatus and to discuss the problems
follows the design and manufacturing process. It also gives information about wear
testing process. Different types of experiments were done with several different test
specimens to be able to make a comparison between wear test results of this work and
that of another experiment found in literatures. It was concluded, that a pin-on-disk
wear testing apparatus which is working properly is successfully designed and
manufactured. The results of the wear testing obtained by the apparatus which have
been designed and manufactured in this work shows that the wear of the test specimen
increases as the speed (rpm) of the motor increases. And also, as the sliding distance
increases,the wear decreases at constant load and speed.

In this study, the behaviour of reinforced sand under a square footing has
been investigated. A series of bearing capacity tests were performed on a small-scale
laboratory model, filled with a poorly-graded homogenous bed of sand, which was
placed in a medium dense state using sand raining technique. The sand was
reinforced with 40 mm wide household Aluminium foil strips. The aim was to study
the load-settlement behaviour, bearing capacity ratio and settlement reduction factor,
considering the effect of reinforcing strip length, with various linear density of
reinforcement, number of reinforcement layers and depth of top layer of
reinforcement below the footing.
Generally the relation of load-settlement showed similar trend in all the tests.
The failure was defined as the settlement equal to 10% of the footing width. The
recommended optimum reinforcing strip length, linear density of reinforcement,
number of reinforcement layers and depth of top layer of reinforcing strips, that give
the maximum bearing capacity improvement and minimum settlement reduction factor
were presented and discussed. Both bearing capacity and settlement reduction factor
versus length of the reinforcing strips relation at failure have showed an improvement
of the bearing capacity ratio by a factor of 3.82 and a reduction of the settlement
reduction factor by a factor of 0.813. The optimum length of the reinforcement was
found to be 7.5 times the footing width.

Background: Thalassemia is one of the most globally common chronic hematological
disorder. This inherited disorder is characterized by an abnormal production of
hemoglobin protein resulting in a life-threatening disease of two main types α and
β.In Kirkuk city it was found that, β-thalassemia was the most common disorder and
various factors were found to be contributing to the counts of β-thalassemia including
ethnic origins and migration that added more burden on the genetic pool of the region
and on the inheritance of traits in that area.
Objective: Evaluating the prevalence of thalassemia in Kirkuk city according to a
number of parameters that included age, gender and ethnic background of patients
along with the assessment of the effect of consanguinity marriage on the incidence of
the disease.
Patients &Methods:
Total of (156) clinically diagnosed β-thalassemia patients attending “Thalassemia
Unit “ in Azadi Teaching Hospital in Kirkuk City were questionaired and data were
divided into four cohorts for evaluation; followed by statistical analysis.
Results:
No significant difference was detected in β-thalassemia distribution among males and
females in Kirkuk city 2016; β-thalassemia was more prevalent in children born
following the years of insecurity in the country generally and Kirkuk city especially.
In addition, about (77.56%) of β-thalassemia patients were the outcomes of
consanguinity marriage from the first degree cousin whom affected with βthalassemia minor without their knowledge. Additionally, the distribution of β –thalassemia patients between different ethnic groups living in Kirkuk and the
surrounding areas indicated a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the incidence of β –
thalassemia in Turkman patients who had recorded the lowest incidence rate of
(17.31%) compared to the Kurd patients where they recorded the incidence rate of
(37.18%) and Arabs where they recorded the highest incidence rate of (45.52%)
among total of (156) β –thalassemia patients where most of them came from rural
areas or were internally displaced people.
Conclusions:
β- thalassemia disorder is one of the prevalent inherited diseases in Kirkuk city with
increasing frequency among children in the ages of (1-3) years old. Besides, the
distribution of β- thalassemia disorder did not vary among males and females in
Kirkuk city in the year 2016 and it was concluded that, the frequency of βthalassemia showed an increase in the years following wars and invasions in Kirkuk
city. Moreover, consanguinity marriage increases the frequency of β- thalassemia
incidence among both male and female patients. Additionally, individuals with minor
β- thalassemia increase the ratio of β- thalassemia incidence among their children and
the distribution of β- thalassemia differ according to different ethnic groups.

The performance of flat plate solar collector is affected by the value of its
slope angle with respect to horizontal plane, where the variation of slope angle
changes the amount of incident solar radiation. So, using the solar tracking system for
solar collector will get the maximum solar radiation, the application of the solar
tracking system cost has high operation and maintenance. It is usually suitable to set
the solar collector at a best fixed slope angle throughout the year with less reduction
in solar radiation received on the collector surface. In this work, a best slope angles
were calculated for solar collectors based on the monthly mean daily solar radiations
on a horizontal surface over some Iraqi cities (Mosul, Rutba, and Basra). The total of
rays flux incident upon a solar collector is mainly affected by the installation angle.
The solar collector can be oriented at three different angle settings. The first angle
setting is to adjust the collector monthly off to give highest incident solar radiation,
while the second angle setting suggests the seasonally changes (Winter, Spring,
Summer, Autumn) .The final adjustment for solar collector can be achieved using the
mean value for the four seasons to get yearly averaged throughout the year.

The present study deals with the interaction between the magnetic field of
Jupiter and ones of the Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) for three years (2011-
2013) which includes the peak of Solar cycle 24. These interactions were studied
through numerical simulation using Magneto hydrodynamic models (MHD) and
solved numerically by Leapfrog method with the aid of MATLAB program. The
data related to CMEs were derived from LASCO/SOHO, and were verified
whether there are events or not by checking them from ERNE detectors
(LASCO and ERNE are scientific systems on board SOHO). While the data
which concern with Jupiter were taken from VOYAGER 1. The simulation were
achieved in two stages; firstly, the beginning simulation of the lunched CMEs
from the surface of the Sun until they reach behind the boundary of the
magnetosphere of Jupiter through interplanetary using the ideal MHD model
(conservative model), and secondly is being the simulation of the interaction
between the magnetic field of the CMEs and ones of Jupiter. It is verified using
Semi-relativistic MHD model. Accordingly, it was found that Leapfrog
numerical analysis is the optimal and best method. In addition, the outgoing
CMEs to Jupiter embraces impulsive type and associated with Flares.
Furthermore, it has been noted from the numerical simulation that intensity of
the final magnetic field after the interaction of CMEs magnetic field with Jupiter
magnetic field is going to increase giving rise to positive correlation with the
speed of the adopted CMEs. On the other hand, the fast MHD shock wave with
convex surface was created, because the speed of the adopted CMEs were
greater than Alfven speed.

The purpose of this research was to study suitability of water in Lesser-Zab River for
drinking, irrigation, fish production, swimming, and construction. Raw water samples
from Lesser-Zab River were collected for eight months, from February 2013 to
September 2013. The samples were analyzed for 15 water quality experiments.
Sodium adsorption ratio, sodium percentage, and alkalinity percentage were also
determined. The maximum values for temperature, pH, total acidity, total alkalinity,
total hardness, chloride, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total salts, dissolved
oxygen, five day biochemical oxygen demand, total solids, total suspended solids,
total dissolved solids, and sulfate were 21.2 oC, 8.18, 20 mg/L, 188 mg/L, 180 mg/L,
11 mg/L, 127 FTU, 420 µmhos/cm, 268.8 mg/L, 9.2 mg/L, 6 mg/L, 1200 mg/L, 400
mg/L, 900 mg/L, and 0.0 mg/L, respectively. Lesser-Zab water can be categorized as
a moderately polluted water with moderately hard to hard water. The water quality of
the river remains within the standards for drinking water, but still requires
appropriate treatment processes prior to consumption. Water in Lesser Zab River is
considered excellent to good and entirely safe for irrigation. This water is also fit for
fish and other aquatic animals and safe for construction, but not appropriate for
swimming

A dithiocarbamate ligand; sodiumdiethanolaminedithiocarbamte Na(deadtc) is
synthesized from the reaction of diethanolamine with cabondisulfide and sodium
hydroxide.( phen)= 1,10-phenathroline . Addition of metal salts, gave complexes of
the types: [M(deadtc)2 phen], where M = Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II).
[M(deadtc)3] where M= Fe(III). The ligand (deadtc) behaves as a bidentate and
coordinated to the metal ion centers either through the sulfur atom of its
dithiocarbamate and or through the nitrogen atoms of the phenathroline. All the
synthesized ligands and complexes are characterized by elemental analyses, conductivity, infrared, electronic spectra and susceptibility measurements. From the
obtained data octahedral geometry for the complexes have been suggested.

Thirty Three recent sediment ( 5 surface wadi filling and 13 flood plain + 15 soil at
0.7m depth) samples were selected from different localities namely ( from south to
north ) : Al-Sallamya + Lazzaga villages, Hawi Al-Kanessa, Shuraikhan, Al-Mallaeen
Quarter, Tel-Kief, Wadi Al-Malah, and Fifeal area. The collected samples were
subjected to traditional geochemical test and analysis in aaddition to Radon gas
measurement using solid plastic nuclear detector CR-39 ( Columbia Resin ) in the
field( cup irradiation technique ) and in the laboratory ( test tube irradiation technique
). Sodium hydroxide etched detector were investigated under optical microscope to
count the track density and later Radon gas exhalation measurements (Bq.m-3
) were
calculated. Variation in Radon gas measurements were displayed and followed in
contour maps and discussed in relation to the obtained geochemical data and to know
faults and other structural features in the studied area.

[The current study was performed from the period of August 2016 to January
2017 in Kirkuk city to clear up the taking place of iron deficiency with different
clinical appearance of ovine fascioliasis. Eighty ewes were distributed to two groups;
patient group including 40 ewes that were had clinical signs of fasioliasis and
40 healthy ewes were typified as control group, based on clinical symptoms the
patient ewes were portioned out to subacute and chronic groups that comprised of
20 and 20 continuously. Fecal samples of ewes were tested in order to differentiation
the Fasciola hepatica infected away from non-infected, venous blood samples
were collected from the ewes for particularization and comparison of iron levels
in serum samples of the groups. Results of present study showed occurrence of
significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in iron level in the blood serum of infected ewes
compared with perfect control group, whereas the existence of significant divergence
was not observed (P ≥ 0.05) in iron level in subacute and chronic infected ewes
group. It was drawn a conclusion that ovine fascioliasis conduces to iron
deficiency irrespective of its clinical forms. It is necessary to provide
the infected sheep with iron preparations to facilitate their cure from fasscioliasis.

Cloud computing is a paradigm for offer information technology services on the
Internet, such as hardware, software, networking and also the storage can be
accessed anywhere at any time on a pay-per-use basis. However, storing private
data onto servers of the cloud is a challenging matter. Therefore, cryptography
technique and authentication are used in this model to ensure confidentiality and
proper access control of sensitive data. Therefore, in this paper I proposed a model
to protect data in cloud computing. In this model the algorithm of the RivestShamir- Adleman (RSA) is applied to the private data. Furthermore, the protocol of
Challenge-Handshake -Authentication-Protocol (CHAP) is used to improve the
security of the authentication as well. The results show this model is secure and
practical.

The main goal of This Work is to survey the field emission scanning electron
microscope (SEM) to obtain on the optimal design for illumination system. The SEM
optical column contains of illumination system that form a focused beam by electrons
are released and animated to incident on the specimen surface, this backscattered
electrons from the specimen surfaces, finally forming an image. mainly the optical
column include a field emission source as the beam source, illumination system,
electron control unit, and unit the vacuum. use of a finite element analyses in the
design process of the SEM ingredient to be optimally determined. By the analysis we
can predict the beam emission characteristics and relevant trajectories were
predicted from the analysis of the present work from which a systematic design of the
electron optical system is enabled.

The present study is aimed to identify the isolated yeasts from vagina and cervix
of the pregnant and non-pregnant women. The study included 100 patients (50
pregnant; 50 non-pregnant women), in addition to 50 apparently healthy women. The
clinical specimen were collected during the period from December 2013 to May 2014.
From each patient high vaginal and endo cervical swabs were collected, in addition to
the control group. Three slides were prepared from each swab for direct examination
(Slide immersed in normal saline, slide immersed in 20% KOH wet mount and Gram
stained slide).The clinical specimens cultured on Sabouraudʼs agar and Brain heart
infusion blood agar. Each culture was identified to yeast species by germ tube test,
Chrom agar and API 20 C system. The tested women considered infected with
Candida spp when the culture from the clinical specimen for each contain > 10
colonies together with positive direct examination and symptoms and signs. The main
isolates were C.albicans from pregnant (84.8% from vagina ; 89.7% from cervix) and
non-pregnant (66.7% from vagina ; 64.3% from cervix) women. In addition to the
control (50% from vagina ; 0% from cervix) group.

Because of the computers systems discovery and the use of computer networks
between countries, security is very important to transfer confidential information over
the networks; traditional cryptographic systems such as Rivest-Shamir-Adlemen
(RSA) are depend on guesswork as well as mathematics. Information theory
illustrates that conventional cryptographic systems cannot be regarded fully secure
unless the private key ; which it is used once only ; is at least as long as the plain text.
And another limitation is using ASCII value to represent the plaintext, So the
repetition of characters in the plain text will appear in the cipher text therefore we
have given approach to generate magic square of order 32 which cannot be easily
traced and use this square in the cryptography which it is used to improve efficiency
through providing an additional level of security to encryption. Through of the
characteristics of magic squares, and it's some complex conditions (non-repetition
property), these squares generates a huge numbers of non-duplicate random numbers
which can be used to represent the numerals rather than ASCII values as well as the
magic square is also used to generate the keys for public key encryption algorithms.

In this work the Simha and Somcynsky (SS) lattice hole theory in conjunction
with Cahn-Hilliard(CH) model have been used, (SS) theory describes the
thermodynamic properties of both low and high molecular weight in terms of hole
fraction, On the other hand (CH) describes the free energy profile of polymer surfaces
or interfaces as an inhomogeneous mixture. CH consider the energy density to be two
fold. The first is the constant free energy density for a homogeneous region of the
system and the second is the density gradient contribution to the free energy. Have
employed the mentioned theories in derive the new equations to extract in surface
tension and surface depth profile in terms of chemical potential by means of SS
theory. Starting form the atmospheric pressure to 150Mpa and for temperature range
from 313 to 473 K, Then ıt is found the density profile of polyethylene glycol decrease
as it is approached to the surfase. PVT characteristic parameters of the SS theory are
calculated using the data of polyethylene glycol. the average and maximum value (at
polyethylene glycol in different molecular weight) of percentage deviation of specific
volume found to be 0.03 and 0.28 respectively.

This study deals with the emphasis on the economic value of Makhul Anticline
rocks in Mid-Region of Iraq, and it includes a mining design system suitable and
profitable to exploit these raw materials. Here, the recommendation is to use and apply
the open pit bench mining to extract the rock beds because of thin overburden, and the
waste materials which cannot be dumped inside the excavation site. The rock beds which
are outcropped dipping on both sides of the anticline flanks have irregular topography.
Development of the mine is usually quite simple. Enough overburden should be removed
to expose sufficient rock beds for production and construction of new access roads. This
kind of mine operation is worked on one side of flank sequentially downwards in series of
steps or benches whose height is usually determined by the machines selected and which
are recommended in this study with the height of bench in range of (4 – 5) m, the sidewall
angle in range of almost (18 – 20)° from the vertical and the bench or haul road width in
range of (8 – 10)m.
Access to the bottom of the mine should be cut- across the benches down to the
next step. The equipments recommended in this kind of exploitation are Front - End
Loader, diesel powered, rubber – tiered shovel for loading broken rocks in Lorries, and
Jack Hammer Poclaine machine for Digging and breaking rocks. The mining operation
become more profitable and economic when the whole rock beds of different types are
extracted all together for multifarious uses, and the use of the facilities available around
the area, such as the paved main roads, railway crossing the area, main power line, Tigris
river, cheap labors and different types of machinery are ready for use.