Journal of university of Anbar for Pure science

This study included the collection of 374 samples (distributed according to the source of collection ) as clinical samples (urine, wounds, burns, feces) from Ibn – Al – Baladi childbirth Hospital, AL- Yarmouk Teaching Hospital and Imam Ali Hospital in Baghdad, from both genders of different ages. As well as environmental samples (Tigris river water in Baghdad and soil samples) were collected from Baghdad region at the same period. The bacterial isolation and identification were conducted on a total of 77 isolates of Escherichia coli (20.58%) after their testing on culture media , microscopic examination with the biochemical tests by using Api – 20 E and VITEK2. The results of sensitivity test against vancomycin showed that 73 isolates of Escherichia coli resistant (94.18%) and 4 isolates with intermediate resistance (5.19%) were performed on Muller-Hanton agar using disk diffusion method . Chromosomal and plasmid DNA were extracted for 31 isolates in a molecular techniques for precise identification. Molecular detection was achieved for all isolates ( of various pathogens ) by using a specific 16SrRNA gene . Owing to the resistance and sensitivity results obtained with the method diagnosis,29 clinical and 2 environmental samples were selected for detection and molecular study . This molecular study detected the vancomycin resistance genes of Enterobacteriaceae in Iraq for the first time . Both chromosomal and plasmid DNA were used in PCR technique to diagnose the Vancomycin resistance genes by using specific primers (VanA,VanB,VanC) . Results of the electrophoresis on agarose gel cleared that all isolated Escherichia coli possessed resistance gene on their plasmid DNA or chromosomal DNA or on both of them with variable ratios .

The effect of Match and Nomolt has been studied on total proteins and Aspartate transaminase enzyme (AST) of the different phases for German cockroaches B. germanica , (p<0.05) results showed significant effect of Match and Nomolt on different phases between the treating groups , as well as with control treatment. It was found that the effect of insect (IGR) growth regulator hormones on proteins of the early phases of the nymph was higher than the impact of the late phase and adult. The effect of Match and Nomolt on the effectivity of Aspartate transaminase (AST) in different phases was also significant (p<0.05) , and the average was 3.21 ± 0.70. However , the average was 3.76 ± 0.40 in groups treated by Nomolt , and showed significant differences (p<0.05) between the enzyme activity in different stages of the insect , as well as between each of the enzyme treating groups and control treatment. The enzyme average activity was 4.71 ± 0.55 in control group.

This study was conducted to investigate the adverse effect of whey protein supplement taken by athletes on some biochemical parameters which include B.urea, creatinine, uric acid and lipids profile, LDH enzyme and C-reactive protein. Seventy-five Blood sample were collected from athletes whose take supplements of whey protein (experiment group), and twenty five blood sample of athletes who don’t take the supplement (control group), for the period from December 2016 to June 2017. The results show a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the levels of uric acid, serum creatinine and blood urea as compared with control group. On the other hand, the results show a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the levels of triglycerides (TG) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in experimental group as compared with the control group, while no significant increase in the level of cholesterol , HDL and LDL in the experimental group as compared with the control group. Finally , the results demonstrate a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) activity of experimental group compared with control group. It was concluded from this study that whey protein supplement had an adverse effect on the level of uric acid, B.urea, creatinine, triglycerides, LDH enzyme, C-reactive protein.

This study was conducted to detect the ability of yeast Debryomyces hansenii DSMZ70238 to produce the killer toxin and testing the optimal conditions for production rather than studying the cytotoxicity toward the cancer cell line L20B. The optimal conditions studied for their effect on yeast growth rates and their ability to increased production of killer toxin included different concentrations of NaCl salt, glucose, different concentrations of pH as well as different temperatures. The results showed that the killer yeast had the ability to produce the killer toxin in the molecular weight of 22 KDa were detected by the using of 12% SDS Polyacryelamide Gel, The optimal conditions of the production was studied and the killing activity of this toxin was determined towards microbes used in the present study, The results showed 8% of salts, pH 4.5, Temperature 25 ͦ C and 10 % from carbon source (glucose) are the best conditions for production and the killing activity. To detect the killing activity of killer toxin toward the cancer cells, The cytotoxicity test of the killer toxin was investigated against the cell line (L20B), by using the partially purified concentrated killer toxin produced under optimal conditions, The results of this experiment showed the killer toxin has a lethal effect of cancer cells, which reached the highest percentage at 8% salts concentration and it was 47.61% and at pH 4.5 reached 23.07%, while the percentage of killing was 21.53% at 25 ͦ C and 47.30% at 10% of glucose concentration.

The present study has been done in Al-Ramadi Teaching Hospital in Al-Anbar governorate from 1/4/2016 to 1/10/2016.The study included 135 blood samples patients suffering from chronic renal diseases severe renal inflammation and renal gravel of as follows : (40) samples of blood for patients with chronic renal failure (15) samples for severe renal inflammation , (40) samples for renal gravel and in addition to the control group (40samples). The statistical results of this study has shown that there is moral rise (P<0.05) in the activity average of some enzymes ( AST, ALT , ALP ) in patients of chronic renal failure , severe renal inflammation and renal gravel as compared with the control group . The results also shown that there is moral rise (P<0.05)in the activity of enzyme GGT in patients of chronic renal failure only. On the contrary , the results in patients of severe renal inflammation and renal gravel are morally low ( P<0.05) as compared with the control group . The study also shown that there is a moral rise ( P<0.05) in the concentration of the total protein and globulin in patients of different kidney diseases as compared with the control group. The study showed a moral reduction (P<0.05) in the concentration of the albumin in patients with chronic renal failure and severe renal inflammation as compared with the control group . As for the results of the tests of total bilirubin there is a moral rise ( P<0.05)in patients with different renal diseases as compared with the control group. The study concluded that there is disorder in some of the hepatic function and the enzymic system in patients with different renal diseases in most of the studied biochemical aspects.

The present study aims to determine changes in some blood components in patients with urticaria, included measurement of Complete Blood Count CBC, estimate thyroid hormone levels of thyroid T3 and T4 and TSH , in addition to estimating levels of antithyroglobulin Anti-Tg in the serum of patients with urticaria reviewers health centers in the town of Khalidiya and outpatient clinics in the town of Khalidiya-Anbar and Amiriyah-Baghdad for the period from 15/1/2016 up to 15/05/2016.
The results showed no significant differences for each of the red blood count RBCs and Hb concentration and platelet count PLT at the level of probability (P <0.05). The results also show a simple occurrence of a significant increase in the number of white blood cells WBCs when (P <0.05). A slight significant decrease in the proportion of compressed blood cells P.C.V when (P <0.05). Occurrence of significant increase in the deposition of the red blood cells at the rate of ESR (P <0.05). Occurrence of simple significant increase in Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) rates at (P <0.05). Occurrence of a significant increase in a simple Triiodothyronin (T3) rates at (P <0.05). Occurrence of simple significant increase in Thyroxin hormone (T4) rates at (P <0.05). Occurrence of significant increase in the rates of antithyroglobulin Anti-Tg at (P <0.05). We conclude from the results of this study, a correlation between urticaria disease and thyroid disorders, and that the rise in the number of rates of white blood cells in patients emphasizes the role of hypersensitivity reactions in patients with urticaria, and high Erythrocyte sedimentation rate ESR may indicate interactions inflammatory associated with disease.

Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were synthesized, using a wet chemical technique from diammonium hydrogen phosphate and calcium nitrate tetrahydrate precursors, Ammonia used in control of the acidic function at 11. The use of ultrasound to study the impact on the particle sizes. The prepared powder was used for further characterization. The prepared Nano-hydroxyapatite powder was characterized for phase composition, using X-ray diffraction elemental dispersive X-ray and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The elemental compositions of the Nano-hydroxyapatite were analyzed. The particle size and morphology were studied using the scanning electron microscope (SEM), The scanning electron microscope are among the particles are bacilli, where he was treated article ultrasound waves 50 watt gave sizes up to 30 nm, and when it was treated card 40 watts gave sizes up to 50 nm.

The current research included the preparation of three new compounds did not attend the previous type Novel. Terminal acetylene substuited with thiaizolidine ring .
1-2-(2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl)thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
2-2-(3-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl)thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
3-2-(4-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl)thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
And track interactions using TLC and melting point. identifity compounds prepared using spectroscopy High-NMR precision And infrared spectroscopy and the results were identical with the assumptions identifity theory to a very large extent

In this study, the energy gap and refractive indexes of ZnO with the change of the nanoparticle size, and put design theory for single-layer Antireflection coatings at a quarter wave thickness at λo in the UV spectrum range of 300-400 nm, when particle size is in the range of 2.4–40 nm. Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) have been selected as substrate. MATLAB language programs with version of 7.11.0 were used to describe the reflectance as a function of particle size, refractive indexes, energy gap and the wavelength at normal and oblique incidence which are depending on Brus model and Characteristic Matrix theory as a basic theory.The coating design (Air/Nano ZnO/Si) by was obtained at a lower value of (0.0278%) at the incident angle of 0° with wavelength of 350 nm and particle size of (Ps=2.8 nm).

Nano composite polymeric - based polymers of thermosets material consisting of two groups of Nano composite polymeric, first: is unsaturated polyester resin (UP) which being considered the base material that supported with Zirconium oxide with Nano yttrium ( ZrO2Y2O3), that has granular size (83.98nm), and other group consist of unsaturated polyester resin (UP) that supported with Nano Zirconium oxide (ZrO2 ) that has granular size (47.23nm), where the study include impact of selected volume fraction with (0.5%، 1%، 1.5%، 2%، 2.5%، 3%) all separately and for every material support, Also through this study number of mechanical tests have been carried out and these includes (Tensile, Compression Strength, Hardness) which all tests were conducted at room temperature by Hand Lay-up method. The results show that (tensile strength coefficient, Compression Strength, hardness), where it increase with the increase of volume fraction of nanoparticle for both polymeric Nano composites material, while (tensile strength ) decreased with increasing of volume fraction of nanoparticle for both polymeric Nano composites material too. The polymer mixture of polyester basis which supported with Zirconium only shows that it has higher mechanical and physical properties than the polymer mixture supported by Zirconium particles with Nano yttrium.

This work includes preparation particles composite materials by adding Aluminum particles (Al) , Nickel particles (Ni) and mixture of (Al +Ni) particles with grain size (40 m) to Epoxy resin with weight fractions (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%).
Experimental results showed that, the values of electrical break down decrease with increasing of the weight fraction of additive particles for all samples in normal condition, the same case for other samples which reinforced with (Ni) particles or (Al+Ni) particles after irradiation the samples by (UV) , as well as the hardness value increases with increasing of the weight fraction of additive particles before and after (UV) irradiation.

This work includes adding Aluminum particles (Al) , Nickel particles (Ni) and mixture of (Al +Ni) particles of grain size (40 m) to Epoxy resin with weight fractions ratio (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%). Tests which were studied dielectric constant and thermal conductivity . Experimental results showed that, the values of dielectric constant increases with increasing the weight fraction ratio of additive particles before and after (UV) irradiation.Thermal conductivity increases slowly with increasing weight fraction ratio of additive particles before and after (UV) irradiation. The maximum value of thermal conductivity was for samples reinforced with for (Al) particle followed by samples reinforced with (Ni) and particle mixture of (Al+Ni) particles.

This research includes preparation hybrid material by reinforcing the blend (EP80%+UPE20%) with number of Kevlar fiber layers by hand lay-up method and volume fraction 30% . Bending property was studied at room temperature before and after (UV) irradiation Expermental results showed that ,the value of deflection decreases with increasing the number of reinforcing Kevlar fiber layers while modulus of elasticity increases with increasing the number of reinforcing layers before and after UV irradiation .

This study was conducted to detect the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies in the blood samples collected from one hundred and four women who were suffering from pregnancy loss(abortion) via detection of Anticardiolipin IgG and IgM using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay(ELISA). Increased autoantibodies (ACL) levels in women that had spontaneous abortion which anticardiolipin antibodies (ACL) levels in the serum of aborted women compared with control groups (twenty healthy pregnant and non pregnant women). Eleven (10,57 %) out of 104 women were showed positive results for ACL. Three ( 2,88% )of them had positive results for ACL IgG and other eight ( 7,79% ) have positive results for ACL IgM . The high frequency of positive results were includes within the age group (31-35). Four (36.36%) women out of eleven who had positive results for anticardiolipin test showed mild thrombocytopenia. Antinuclear antibody test and Anti Ds.DNA test were performed using ELISA to exclude Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ( SLE ), all results for these tests were negative. Anti toxoplasma antibodies (IgM) were found in (4) (3,84%) from test group women. Anti CMV antibodies type (IgM) were found in (5) (4,8%) from test group women. Anti Rubella antibodies type (IgM) were found in (4) (3,84%) from total aborted women. Anti (HSV 1,2) antibodies type (IgM) found in only one (0,96%) from total aborted women. women who gave positive results for above infection were excluded.

In this study, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolates (32) were collected from different hospitals in Baghdad and were diagnosed by conventional methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by disc diffusion method for ten antibiotics. Hemolytic production activity and Deoxy ribonuclease (DNase) production ability were detected. The biofilm production ability was detected by microtiter plate method. The diagnosis was confirmed using PCR to detect the thermostable nuclease gene (nuc). Then, PCR technique was used to detect the fibronectin binding protein A and fibronectin binding protein B genes (fnbA and fnbB respectively).
The results showed a high prevalence (78%) of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates, Imipenem and vancomycin were the most affective antibacterial agents tested. All isolates produced DNase enzyme . On blood agar plate, 65.6% of isolates produced β-hemolysis zones while (34.4%) of isolates did not produce any hemolytic zone. The results of biofilm production assay showed that 41% of isolates gave a weak positive results. All isolates (100%) that had been previously diagnosed as S. aureus by routinely used methods harbored the nuc gene. fnbA and fnbB were found in (100%) and (25%) of isolates respectively.
Conclusion: Molecular detection of nuc gene by PCR has high specificity for identifying S. aureus with a low cost which requires less time as compared with biochemical methods. fnbA and fnbB genes are important virulence factors of S. aureus. fnbA gene is the highest prevalence of toxinogenic and can be used as a genetic marker for diagnosis of local S. aureus isolates while fnbB gene does not play an important role in infection of S. aureus

This study was carried out for detection of some virulence factors for E coli O157:H7 isolated from patients with bloody hemorrhagic diarrhea or urinary tract infection (UTI). A total of 200 bloody diarrhea and 150 urine samples were collected from children of both sexes between the age of 3 and 10 years, who were suffering from bloody diarrhea and urinary tract infection (UTI) in the period from September to December 2016 in, Central Children Hospital and Children Safe Hospital in Baghdad/Iraq. All samples were screened to detect the presence of non-sorbitol fermenting colonies on sorbitol MacConkey agar supplemented with Cefixime -Tellurite (CT-SMAC) also cultured on other enrichment and selective media(Hicrome and Eosin methylen blue) at 37°C for 24hrs. The isolates were identified by Vitek 2 system and they were confirmed by latex agglutination test. A total of 11 isolate, 8 (4%) from bloody diarrhea and 3 (2%) isolates from urine samples were diagnosed as E. coli O157:H7 that appeared on CT-SMAC as small, circular and colorless colonies with smoky center whereas on Hicrome media as dark purple to magenta colored moiety colonies, positive for Vitek2 and latex agglutination. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to detect some virulence genes of isolates ,as hlyA (responsible for hemolysine) flicH7 (encoding fimbria) and rfbO157 (encoding- lipopolysaccharide) using specific primers of 534, 625 and 259 bp for previous genes respectively . The result of PCR amplification revealed presence of hly A , flic H7 and rfb O157 genes in all isolate.

Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of bacterial poisoning and spread widely in Iraq. In this study vancomycin resistant S. aureus (VRSA) were isolated from wounds, skin, and nose of human . The isolates were identified by using biochemical tests.Sixty one (72.6%) isolates were identified as S.aureus, followed by CoNS 23 (27.3%) from 250 sample collected. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion ,the results of the susceptibility test indicated that 59 S. aureus isolates have different levels of resistance to antibiotics.In this study tow methods were used to identify resistant and intermediate resistance to vancomycin: which were Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and automated system Vitek2 method. Results of Disk diffusion method indicated that (19.6%) isolates were resistant to vancomycin.The results of Vitek2 resistant test for 20 isolates indicated that 9(45%) isolates were resistant to vancomycin, with MIC value of (32 μg / ml); 3(15%) isolates showed intermediate resistant to vancomycin, with MIC value of (4 μg / ml),8(40%) isolates showed sensitive to vancomycin with MIC value of (≤0.5-2 μg / ml).Population analysis profile (PAP) method was uesd to detect Heteroresistant Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus for the 10 isolates. The results showed that 9 (90%) isolates of S.aureus were resistant to vancomycin , while 1(10%) isolate was sensitive.

The present study included the collection of 120 samples from various clinical sources. The samples collected from some hospitals in Baghdad city which included burns ,wound , cystic fibrosis, ear infections and urinary tract infections ( 52 ,28, 4, 23 and 13). Samples respectively. Samples were identified based on the morphological and microscopical characteristics of the colonies when they were culturing in a number of culture media as well as biochemical tests. The molecular detection was used to confirm diagnostic test for the isolates based on the 16SrRNA gene, as a detection gene, which has specific sequences for DNA of P.aeruginosa bacteria.The results of molecular detection showed that 51 isolates belong to target bacteria were distributed as follow 21 of burns, 14 isolates of wounds, 7 isolates of ear infection, 4 isolates of cystic fibrosis, 5 isolates of urinary tract infection. The results of phenotypic detection of biofilm formation showed that 44/51 (86.2%) of isolates differences in their ability to biofilm formation. The results of screed QS genes by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplify based on specific sequences for lasI gene showed that 48 (94.1%) of isolates have lasI gene.

Thisn research included determination of chemical composition of al-ahdaab crude oil (kute- Iraq) using liquid – solid chromatography. The current researched included to separation the component of crude oil by column chromatography was packing with alumina (AL2O3) as a stationary–phases and several solvent as a mobile phase. . The results of crude oil fractionations were 17.01% Asphaltene, 82.99% Maltene, which separated to (Paraffinic) (saturated) 44.11%, Aromatic 30.11% and Resin 4.20%. Crude oil fractionation were characterized using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance H1NMR and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer FT-IR to determine the chemical composition of each part, which is that represents the first study and a novel results. This study also clarified the paraffinic compounds are represented the main part of materials in crude oil composition.

Contrasts in argument about obesity and osteoporosis still concerning number of researchers. Published literatures mentioned many reasons for why such contradictory results were obtained. In this study some of the factors that believed to affect osteoporosis will be considered and investigated. Age of participated women ranged between 42-79 years. Out of 110 participants, 75 (68.18%) were practicing osteoporosis whereas 35 (31.82%) were not. The study revealed that weight and age are not risk factors of fracture. Family history is not associated with osteoporosis. Vitamin D deficiency and incidence of fractures are found to be significantly associated at p-value less than 0.01. Percentage of vitamin D deficiency in women with fractures was 55.81% while those without fractures was 44.19%..

Pd (II) complexes were synthesized from 4-Aminoantipyrine (4-AAP) as primary ligand, and disodium pyrophosphato as secondary ligands using metal: ligand in (1:1) mole ratio with molecular formula [Pd(4-AAP)Cl2],[Pd(4-AAP) (Pyph)]. These complexes were characterized by elemental microanalysis (C.H.N), (A.A), [I.R, (U.V–Vis), mass spectroscopy], along with molar conductivity, Chloride contents and melting point measurements. The ligands (4-AAP) and (Pyph) gave square planar geometrical formula with Pd (II). Rapid, simple, sensitive and validated spectrophotometric method has been described for the determination of palladium (II) using 4-aminoantipyrine. The complex product was quantitatively measured at 363nm and the reaction conditions were studied and optimized.

This study focused on diagnosis of volatile oil extracted from Breckland thyme leaves plant by aqueous solvent by Reflux method. Thin layer chromatography was used to separate some active organic compounds from Breckland thyme leaves oil. (Toluene:Ethyl acetate) (5:95) used in Thin layer chromatography as eluent. Results showed 5 spots, 4 spots were characterized by different spectroscopic methods qualitative and quantitive UV–VIS.,IR, 1H-NMR Spectra beside other analytical method gas chromatography (G.C). Results indicate that the 14 compound in A very small percentage four of that following compounds, Carvacrol, p-Cymene, Camphor and thymol are present in the following percent, 23.7, 10.44, 0.945, 19.77 respectively in Breckland thyme oil leaves and unknown compounds in Breckland thyme plant.

New derivatives of 2,3- substituted – oxazolidinone and thiazolidinone were synthesized by cycloaddition reaction of glycolic acid and thioglycolic to various Schiff bases derived from some commercially available amino acids in anhydrous 1,4-dioxane under dry and reflux conditions. Schiff's bases were synthesized by refluxing various amino acids with aromatic aldehydes and ketones with few drops of glacial acetic acid as a catalyst in absolute methanol. The products were isolated, purified and characterized by their melting point, FT-IR and 1HNMR spectra and C.H.N analysis.

The current investigation includes the develolpment of Iraq clay to get nano structures composition and vising them as reinforced materials for Epoxy resin with weight fractions (5% , 3%, 1%).The studied speciment where prepared by manual molding method. Some Physical tests where carried out( Diffusions and Thermal conductivity ), the results showed notable improvements of the composites properties by nano particles.

The present research includes improvement of Iraq clay to get nano structures composition and use them as reinforcement materials with Epoxy resin with weight fractions (5% , 3%, 1%),and samples of research where prepared by manual molding method. Mechanical tests were carried out (Tensile, Impact ,Hardness, Compression and Bending). The results showed significant improvements in the properties of the prepared Nano composites.

"Throughout this paper R represents commutative ring with identity and M is unitary leftR-module", the purpose of this paper is to study new concept (up to our knowledge) , named 2-maximal submodule which is a generalization of maximal submodule , "where a submodule N of an R-module M is called 2-maximal" submodul of M if and only if M/N is2-regular R-module. Many characterizations and properties of 2-maximal submodules are given. Moreover we studied the behavior of 2-maximal submodule in some classes of module. Finally we give the sufficient condition 2-maximal submodules to be semi-maximal weak-maximal submodules are introduced.

The water balance equation for any natural area or water body indicates the relative values of inflow, outflow and change in water storage for the area or water body. Analysis of watersheds and drainage patterns of the studied area plays a vital role in understanding the hydrogeological behavior and expressing the prevailing climate, geomorphology and structural antecedents of terrains. This research will study the climate characteristics and meteorological water balance to calculate runoff and groundwater recharge as water surplus. The research used the meteorological parameters recorded in Hit station during the period (1995-2010) to describe climate conditions as well as calculating water surplus using Thorntwaite formula. The climate of area classified as hot dry in summer and cold low rainfall in winter as a continental semi-dry to dry climate class. The calculated potential evapotranspiration was (1174.3) mm, while calculated actual evapotranspiration was (69.59) mm. The amount of water surplus was (31.71) mm, divided into (20.26) mm as runoff and (11.45) mm as groundwater recharge. The average annual of groundwater recharge in the area was (72,020,500) cubic meters. The estimated percent of the water surplus and deficit from the annual rainfall was (31.3%) and (68.69%) respectively.