Al-Rafidain Journal For Sport Sciences

The research aims at revealing the following:
• The differences in some skillful variables of both groups’ players, the experimental & the control in pre & post-tests.
• The differences in some skillful variables between groups, the experimental & the control in post-test.
To verify the research objectives; the researchers has established the following hypotheses:
• Significant differences were shown in some skillful variables of the experimental & control group between both pre & post-tests in favor of pre-test.
• Significant differences were shown in some skillful variables between the experimental & control group in post-tests and in favors of the experimental group.
The researchers have adopted the empirical methodology for its convenience with the nature of the research and the experiment was performed on a population of young players from Ninevah soccer club consisted of (30) players aged between (16-19). They were intentionally chosen and randomly distributed into two groups, experimental & control, in the amount of (10) players for each. (10) Players were excluded as (7) of them were dedicated for pilot study and (3) were goalkeepers.Consistency & equivalence between both groups under discussion were achieved regarding variables such as age ,height ,weight as well as skillful variables that have been identified by experts and specialists.The researcher has also adopted the experimental planning which is called ‘designing the control group of a random choice with pre & post-test.’The researcher have applied statistical means such as the arithmetic mean, standard deviation Person’s simple correlation coefficient, percentage, T-test of correlated samples and T-test of independent samples.

The researchers has concluded the following :
-The training course with skillful and physical exercises style by applying special endurance has resulted in developing all basic skills such as dribbling, near scoring, short pass, medium pass, long pass, calming down and hitting the ball with the head out of comparing the findings of pre & post-tests of the experimental group:
• The course prepared by the coach has led to the development of well as some basic skills including dribbling, scoring, long pass and hitting the ball with the head out of comparing the findings of pre & post-tests of the control group.
• The experimental group that applied skillful and physical exercises by using special endurance has developed better than the control group which has applied the training course prepared by the coach in all basic skillful under discussion, by comparing the findings of the post-tests between both groups.
• Training courses that follow the interval training method allow the coach to operate and control the load components of training and would lead to develop basic skillful of soccer players.
• The way of choosing exercises regarding their types, numbers and equal distribution of skills had an evident impact on developing all basic skillful.
The researchers has recommended the following:
-The necessity of applying the skillful physical exercises by using special endurance in training soccer players.
-Low-intensity interval training method should be applied in developing special endurance as well as basic skills of soccer players.
-Taking care of age groups and urging on sport clubs and institutions to supply necessary equipment that that coach needs in training units when he applies this kind of exercises in particular.
- Similar studies and researches should be performed on other regulated games.
*Keywords: skillful physical exercises- special endurance -youth soccer players

The study aims at identifying the leading behavior of co Aches of bat games coaches and the differences in their leading role .the corpus consisted of the north Iraqi universities players participating in the Iraqi univer sites champion ship 2009 – 2010 .The players were (51) in number ; three players from each universe city who were deliberately chosen .The data were statistically inlay zed by mean ,stander deviation to show the least significant difference . It was concluded that there were significant difference in favor of the coaches of table tennis and badminton in comparison with tennis in leading behavior and there were no significant differences between Them . The researchers recommend :
1- The necessity of choosing coaches who have a good leading behavior in order to achier remark able results .
2-holding comes and work – shops to develop .The leading behavior of coaches supervised by experts in this concern and doing a similar researches.
*Keywords: Leading behavior- universities coaches- bat games

The research aimed at :
1. Recognizing the values of some biokinetics variables of the arm from inside water in the 25 m butterfly swimming .
2. Recognizing the values of some anthropometric measurement .
3. Finding the relationship between the values of some biokinetics variables of the arm from inside water with arm length in the 25 m butterfly swimming .
The descriptive method was used . the sample included ( 5 ) swimmers of the senior group of Nineveh team . the technical scientific observation , analysis and measurements were used as means to collect the data to obtain some of the biokinematics variables values and some anthropometric measurements values , to achieve the technical scientific observation accurately , the videography was used . the study included a number of biokinematics variables of the arm and anthropoetric measurements . the data have been processed statistically by using the mean , standard deviation and simple correlation .
the researchers concluded the following :
There Were no significant correlations between some biokinetics variables values of the arm from inside water with arm length .
The researchers recommended some recommendations to be utilized in the learning and coaching to get the best performance .
* Keywords: Bio kinetics- anthropometric measurement- swimming-25 m butterfly

The research aims to: Attitudes of Female students of some colleges
Descriptive method with survey style was used for it's convenience to the nature of the research, The sample of the research was consisted of (62) Female students from the following four colleges(sport Education, Arts, Basic Education, Girls Education),The researcher used(Kenyon scale)as a tool to measure the attitudes to wards practicing sport activity, this scale have been modified to Arabic from by (Alawi,1998)it consisted of (33)items.
After having the validity and the reliability of the scale.
The researcher applied the scale, then the data was statistically treated by using the(mean, standard deviation, coefficient of simple correlation, t.test, percentage law). The researcher concluded the following There were positive attitude for the female students of some colleges of mosul university in general, then researcher recommended the encourage of having sport knowledge and Education in the society in order to strengthen the concept of practicing the game of indoor football by female students, through the effective role of the media and throng having such activities in the university's sport program indoor to help the female students to be enrolled and participate in such activities.
Then the researcher recommend and that the indoor football subject should be implicated in the curriculum of the college of sport and especially in the college of Education for Girls and the college of Basic cation (Department of physical Education)
*Keywords: Attitudes of Female students- Mosul University colleges - indoor football

The Aims of The Study:
- knowing the differences in psychological stress for the difference that take the three first places .and the difference that take the last three places
- Knowing the differences in psychological stress between female players for the last and three first teams.
- The research made on data consists of (108) female player from the female players of the country clubs in volleyball. The data were collected by using the scale psychological stress, which was prepared by (Al- Ghreary, 2006).
And the researchers concluded:
1. According to the first three teams, Snharib team won at Qara Qosh team and Akad by the degree of the psychological stress while Qara Qosh team won at Snharib team only in the degree of the psychological stress.
2. According to the last three teams, the degree of the psychological stress are close for the last three teams and that led not to exist the differences to the level of intangible in the degree the psychological stress .
3. The last three teams distinct at the first three teams by the degree of the psychological stress and that reflected on the intangible of the results between them.
And the researcher recommended the following :
- Depending the scale of psychological stress in evaluating the size of psychological stress that bear down on female players.
- Take car of the troubles that cause psychological stress, and to work in order to limit the causes of those troubles.
- Making periodical tests for evaluating the level of psychological stress in the two periods, the preparations or competitions.
*Keywords: Psychological stress- Iraq clubs - volleyball

The goal of the study was to introduce the following point :
The creative properties and their relation with the communication skills of the Central Olympic Athletic Unions heads levels .
The researchers have followed the descriptive approach in studying the relations according to the correlated studies. The study sample had been formed from (20) Central Olympic Athletic Unions, included (172) management staff members. Two measurements for the creative properties and communication skills had been construcked according to the work of the organizations work. The measurement of the creative properties consisted of (60) points distributed among (7) dimensions : query thinking, the ability of analyzing and assembling, the ability of imagination, heuristic, courage or self confidence, rejecting, the desire of experience and self criticism.
The measurements of communication skills included (49) points distributed among (4) dimensions : listening skill, rapid reading skill, writing skill and speaking skill. After executing the scientific conditions of the two measurements they had been applied on the basic research sample.
The data had been treated to the statistically by using: percentage, arithmetical mean, standard deviation, assuming mean, T- Test, Pearson correlation coefficient. The study had concluded many conclusions such as:
- Existence of an incorporeal relationship between the creative properties and the communication skills of the Central Olympic Athletic Unions heads.
The researcher had mentioned several recommendations such as :
1 - Monitoring the creative ideas either theatrical or the proutical one of sports organizations in order or might be depended on them to take advantage of them, which can and try to build on.
2 - Developing the communication skills of heads of sports federations and the development of their creative properties, which are reflected on the development of the work of unions.
*Keywords: Creative characteristics - Communication Skills - Sports Federations

The research aims at measuring the motivational traits for the players of first-class tae kwon dot clubs .The researchers have hypothesized that there were significon differentes among the motivational traits for the first-class tae kwon do players .The sample has composed of the first-class players of the athletic season 2010 .The players were (50) whom they representing the fallowing clubs (Alshurtah , Al-Kuhruba'a,Al-Karkh,Al-Mustaqbal, Al -Meena'a, Missan, Pashkotin, and AR Babil) clubs . The researchers have adopted the scale prepared by Allawi ( 1990) as an instrument for collecting data . After the data have been classified and treated statistically ,the researchers have concluded the following :
• There were significant differences in the trait of the need of achievement for the first-class tae kwon do players .
• There were significant differences in the (self-confidence, determination , self-control , training ) traits for the first-class tae kwon do players .
The researchers have recommended the following :
• Making sure of the development of the motivational traits (self-confidence, determination , self-control , training ) traits in the training units and their position in the training program for they contribute in developing the player's capabilities and accessing high levels .
• Making similar researches on other athletic games
• *Keywords: Motivational traits - Tae Kwon Do

The research aims at revealing the following : The effect of Both peer tutoring style and the triple reciprocal style in acquisition of Technique for some tennis basic skills for both experimental research samples. The researcher has adopted the experimental methodology for its convenience with the nature of the research. So, the experiment was performed on a sample of students of 3rd-year/ college of sport education/ Mosul university for the term 2009-2010 A.D. as research community. The research group has been selected randomly. The sample has consisted of(26) students. They represent both group(H) and(o) respectively. They have been divided into two empirical groups representing(14) students for the first experimental group that has learned on( peer tutoring style), and(12) students for the second empirical group that has learned on (triple reciprocal style).
The researchers have concluded the following results:
1. Both tutoring styles(peer and triple reciprocal) have achieved a learning in obtaining the technique of some basic skills in tennis (forehand, backhand, and serve).
2. The first experimental group that has used peer tutoring style has achieved better level in acquisition of the technique of some basic skills in tennis basic skills compared with triple reciprocal style.
*Keywords: peer tutoring- triple reciprocal- Technique - tennis

This research aims at being acquainted with the
 Effects of specific assistant exercises on certain physical and skilful variables of the two research groups, the experimental and control.
 Statistical significant differences of certain physical and skilful variables of the two research groups, the experimental and control at the post test.
The research hypothesized he following
 There are Statistical significant differences of certain physical and skilful variables between the pre and post tests of the two research groups, the experimental and control.
 There are Statistical significant differences of certain physical and skilful variables of the two research groups, the experimental and control at the post test.
The experimental method was used as a part of procedures since it is convenient to the nature of the study. Having excluded the sample of the pilot study, the sample included 20 junior players under age of 18 year chosen at random from the 26 total society of the Ninaveh handball team at 2007-2008 training season.
The sample was divided randomly into tow groups, experimental and control by using the lot with 10 players each. The equality between the groups was done in the variables of age, high and weight in addition to the variables chosen by experts. The experimental design of the equal groups with pre-post tests was taken up. The arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Person coefficient correlation, paired t test and independent t test were used to process data statistically.
The most important conclusions were the following:
 The suggested training program improved significantly all physical and skillful variables at question.
 The experimental group excelled significantly the control group in all physical and skillful variables (excluding the leg power).
 The control group had a remarkable excellence in all physical and skillful variables (excluding the locomotive speed and the Arm explosive power).
The most important recommendations were the following:
 The attention of handball coaches should be paid to the control style of workload components at pre competition and utilization of this components effectively to improve the physical and skillful aspects .
 Conducting more similar studies for other ball games especially basketball, volleyball and soccer by using assistant strength exercises of the physical and skillful variables.
 *Keywords: training program- specific strength exercise- physical and skillful - handball

The research goal to reveal the controlling fashion effect, as follow:
1. Intensity of physical practice load in a number of physical variables of youth football players.
2. Size of physical practice load in a number of physical variables of youth football players.
The practice fashion applied to a sample of 16 youth players from Mosul football club who are not aged 19s yet in Mosul city, they have been divided into tow experimental groups, each group contains 8 players and the equality of age, height and weight, rather physical characteristics, has been maintained.
The research procedure included that: designing two practical methods, the first one depends on controlling the physical practical load intensity, and the second depends on controlling the physical practical load size, and so that makes a number of exploration experiments to specify the appropriate practical intensity for the sample of this research, rather the appropriate rests for this practice, then the physical pretest performed, after that, the two practical methods applied; the first experimental group performed the practical method of controlling the physical practical load intensity fashion, while the second experimental group performed the practical method of controlling the physical practical load size fashion, applying the methods lasted 8 weeks, but in fact 3 practical units performed during each week, then posttest performed for the physical characteristics which the research dealt with them by follow same procedure that adopted in performing the pretest.
The researchers attained a number of the conclusions, the most important of which are:
* The first experimental group which used fashion of controlling the physical practical load intensity at the posttest overcome the second experimental group which uses fashion of controlling the physical practical load size, in a number of physical characteristics which ( the maximum transition speed, gushing power of the two feet and legs muscle, gracefulness)
Attaining to a number of recommendation, the most important of which are:
* Football coaches urged that to adopt the two fashion of controlling the physical practical load intensity and size in developing the physical characteristics ( the maximum transition speed, gushing power, power distinguished with speed, lasting of strength, lasting of speed and gracefulness) because of effectiveness of theses two fashions that progress the physical level of the football players.
*Keywords: controlling fashion - practice load- football

The research aims to:
1. Develop a proposal for a curriculum based on small toys for the development of some of the basic motor skills among primary school students.
2. Identify the impact of the proposed program based on educational mini-games help in the development of basic motor skills of elementary students.
3. To identify differences in the impact of the proposed educational program which based on small games of primary school students between the experimental and control groups.
The researcher used the experimental method for its relevance to the nature of research, and formed the research sample (36) female students of the first and second of primary school (160) Mostaganem home province of the State of Algeria for the year (2010 -2011) has divided randomly (lottery) in to two groups of equal number (18) students for each group (experimental and control) and represent the proportion (12%) of the study population. Equivalence between the two group of the research has been done in the variables of the study (run, jump, throw the farthest, throw on a fixed lens, catching , fixed balance) and the researcher has used the test and measurement as a means of collecting information, and was developed the proposed educational program of a few small toys have been a pilot group for a period of (10) weeks, and two units, the areas of education in the week, time of (45) minutes, and the researcher used the arithmetic mean and standard deviation and T-Test of difference, and the Pearson correlation
coefficient for the treatment of statistical data. The researcher concluded the following:
1 - The proposed educational program on the basis of mini-games help in the development of basic motor skills for students in elementary school.
2 - The proposed curriculum which based on small toys contributed in developing the skills of running, jumping, throwing, catching, equilibrium constant for the experimental group.
3 - There were significant differences between the experimental and control group in the development of basic motor skills in the post-test and the experimental group.
4 - The program does not have a positive impact in the development of some of the basic motor skills.
*Keywords: educational program- small toys- basic motor skill- elementary students

The study aimed at finding the relationship between the kinematical variables of the shooting skill from the jump of the handball starting from (6m.) and (9m.) for the flight phase in handball.
The researcher has used the descriptive methodology as well as the technical scientific observation as a means for collecting data by using two video cameras with a speed of (25) fram per. second the research's samples has been consisted of (10) players. The kinematical analysis has been performed by applying (ACD, premier, If lima
A pilot study experiment has been conducted followed by the main experiment on the research subjects, then the data were handled statistically by using the arithmetic mean, the standard deviation, t-Test for dependent samples as being the statistical means of the research.
The researcher has attained a set of conclusions as follows:
1. Existence of significant differences of the angle of left knee and the horizontal vertical distance center of gravity mass of the body for the benefit of (6)meters
2. Existence for significant differences of and the inclination of right shoulder for the of knee angle the hip for the benefit of (9)meters
3. No significant differences for the rest of kinematics variables
The researcher has presented the following recommendations:
1. Confirming on the specification and training between the angles' movement and the movement of the body joints and parts during the practice of shooting in handball
2. Focusing on the horizontal and the vertical displacement while the ball on shooting during high jump in handball game.
Keywords: kinematical variables- flight phase- shooting- handball

The present study shows the effect of using immediate and delayed feedbacks in learning some basic skills of badminton game, and the differences in the post-test between the groups of study in learning some basic skills of badminton game .
The researchers assume that there are no significant differences between the two experimental groups significant in learning some basic skills in badminton game, there are no significant differences in pre- and post-test between the groups of study in learning some basic skills in badminton game, and there are no significant differences in post-test between the groups of study in learning some basic skills in badminton game.
The experimental approach is adopted in the present study . The community of study includes (24) female from player colleges of Mosul University (2010-2011). The sample of study includes (18) female players, after putting aside (3) female players because they practice the game, and (3) female players were exclude because they didn't perform some tests . The sample is divided randomly into two experimental groups ( 9 for each). The first one takes lessons by using immediate feedback , and the second one takes lessons by using delayed feedback. Equivalence between the two groups, in terms of age, height, weight, some elements of physical and dynamic fitness, was done. Equivalent in skills of long serve as well as skills of forehand and backhand. The following statistical tools used in the present study were (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, correlation coefficient, t-test for related samples, t-test for unrelated samples).
Conclusions:
- The results of study demonstrate that using immediate and delayed feedback in learning some basic skills in badminton game is considered effective . The first experimental group overcame the second one according to skills of long serve and backhand (or shuttlecock) drive. Non-significant differences between the experimental groups in the skill of forehand drive (or shuttlecock) are also shown.
Keywords: Feedbacks- Immediate and Delayed- Basic Skills- Badminton

The aim of the research is to identify the features of the motivation and emotional response and the relationship between attributes of motivation and emotional response to the basketball players participating in the West Asian Championship
The researcher assumed the existence of a statistically significant relationship between the reality of personality motivation and emotional response as well as between personality and motivation, emotional response to the basketball players participating in the West Asian Championship.
The researcher used the descriptive approach with relation studies for it's suitability to the nature of the research.
The research community consisted of(37) basketball players and participants in the West Asian Championship held in the State of Iraq and in particular at province of Dohuk. The research sample consisted of (27) player by 73% of the research community, where the Iranian team was excluded because of the language.
The researcher used two standard scales of motivation for athletes designed by (Mohammad Hassan Allawi) and the measure of emotional response and put it in the original Thomas Ottko (Thomas. A. Tutko) in (1976) and re-image Arabic (Mohammad Hassan Allawi) and (Mohammad Arab, Shimon ) in (1978). As the researcher to find scientific bases of index of reliability , objectivity and consistency of the two measures
On June 4, 2010 and during the West Asian basketball championships in the State of Iraq and in particular the province of Dohuk. Scales were applied to the amount of basic research sample number (27) players for the basketball and participating in the tournament.
The researcher used the following statistical methods (mean, standard deviation, coefficient of simple correlation (Pearson), t.Test , coefficient of variation, percentage) research data were analyzed using the statistical program (spss)
By viewing and discussion the results the researcher concluded that basketball players who participate in the West Asian Championship features have positive motivation and athletes heroes have high personal qualities and have the positive features of the motivation.
The researcher recommended that work on the development of personality through the opening of the sessions and the establishment of sporting events to activate the psychological aspect of the players and especially personality to reach the best levels of sports, selecting players qualified to represent the national team in order to achieve outstanding achievements
Key words: Motivation Traits- Emotional Response- Basketball

The research aim at constructing an accuracy test of forehand drive in table tennis and find out standard level and scors for the sample .
The population of research consist off (177) students from senior student in college of sport education at the university of mosul the sample of study consisted of (83) students which respresend a percentage of(%46.892) from the main research population the researchers has statistical means such as : percentage – average –standard deviation – mode – coefficient skwenss – chi square – t test indepented sample.
The most important conclusion which the researchers found:
- Constructing an atest of accuracy forehand drive in table tennis
- the test was normally distributed according to coefficient of skwenss and chi squarce.
The researcher recommends the following:
- Making future studies according to the restriction which the study did not mention.
Keyword: Constructing- forehand- tines