Journal of University of Babylon

The aim in this work is to give some a new types of totally - continuous functions called (totally sb* - continuous functions and sb*- totally continuous functions) in topological spaces. As well as, will be investigated and discussion the relationships among these functions with other totally – continuous functions. Furthermore, will be introducing some of their properties.

Liquid crystals are state of substance possesses characteristics between traditional liquid and crystallization. For instance, perhaps liquid crystal away similar to the crystals. There are different types of crystal in the liquid phase .In this research has been the use of high refractive birefringence as well as the study of the influence of magnetic field on the refractive indices.
The magnetic field of action to urge the molecules of liquid crystals and as aresult,we found that when the magnetic field increases when the rate of refraction normal, but not linearly, while the refractive index of the extraordinary (exceptional) decreases, and also found that the refractive birefringence proportional to the square of the value of the magnetic field at room temperature.

In this study, the collection of blood samples from 100 students in Babylon university college of Science for women for the period from 11/2012 to 10/2013 and separated serum for the purpose of diagnosis of infection with Toxoplasma gondii and immunological testing. The current study showed that the infection rate reached 46% of the total samples tested were highest infection rate in the age group 19-23 years and have had the lowest rate in the age groups 24-28 and 29-33 years, which amounted to 4.34%, while the proportion was the positive result to C-reactive protein 17% of the total samples were infected with the parasite and the highest concentration of him when quantification 384 mg / dL in the age group 24-28 years with significant differences in all age groups.
The immunological study included positive samples for the latex test to measure the concentrations of each of the serum proteins and immunoglobulin IgM, IgA and IgG, the concentrations of highest 2933.333 ± 490.747, 1421.466 ± 1801.164 568.666 ± 490.679, mg / dL, respectively, for different age groups and no significant difference compared with control, either for the concentrations of serum proteins has been observed the highest concentration of 3054 ± 0.748 mg / dL in the age group 24-28 years, and by the results obtained in the present study, we infer the existence of an immune systematic and local response against infection with toxoplasmosis.

Appendicitis is one of most common abdominal pains requiring emergency surgery, Acute appendicitis is acute condition happened as a result of obstruction from parasites present. 114 blood sample ware collected from patients who had undergone appendectomy operation at periods from 21-12-2010 to 1-4-2011 in General Teaching Hilla Hospital.
This study is done to determine pathogenesis of parasites and determine the type of immune statue for appendicitis caused by parasites by estimating concentrations of IL-6 as an immune marker . The rate of samples that gave positive for parasites isolate was 29.82% , while 70.14% parasitically negative , also the total number of isolated parasites was 7 genera.
The common isolated parasites were Entamebae histolotica 37.8% , Entrobius vermocalaris 35.1% , Schistosoma haematobium , Blantidium coli, Trichurus trichora,Giardia lamblia and Schistosoma mansoni in rate 5.4% for each one . Immunological tests to sera of patients with appendicitis refer to significance increasing in the concentration of IL-6 for all patients at different age groups, compared to control and the highest concentration of them in the age group 40-49 years ( 5.944 ± 0.004 pg/ml) , the present study shows absence of parasite as causative for appendix infection in ≤10 age group , This study refers to the role of cellular immune response through appendix infection with different parasites.
incidence of appendicitis appear in both sex at same rate 50% . Appendicitis appear in all age groups the age period 10-19 show highly infection rate with parasite.

The study was current to examine the antidiabetic effects of administration of aqueous extracts of Salvia officinalis leaves in alloxan( 100 mg/kg) induced diabetic rats and reveal the effect of Salvia officinalis in the the liver and testicular function. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of aqueous extracts of Sage leaves (Salvia officinalis L., Lamiaceae ), on the levels of blood glucose, plasma lipids profiles such as triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) in diabetic rats. The animals were rendered diabetic by a single intraperitoneal injection alloxan( 100 mg/kg).
Twenty eight adult male albino rats of 7-9 weeks old weighting (240± 10 gm) were used for this study. They were kept for one week for proper acclimatization before starting the experiment under the same controlled laboratory conditions of illumination period (12h light/12h darkness), temperature at 22±2°C and maintained on standard diet and water. The aqueous Salvia officinalis extracts were injected intraperitonally at a dosage of 300 mg/kg for five weeks since the day after diabetes confirmation blood samples were obtained from heart. The results showed that i.p. injection with alloxan induced very highly significant elevation in mean of blood glucose levels of diabetic animals as compared with control group and sage administration groups. Diabetic rats also revealed highly significant elevation in, total cholesterol (TC), triacylglyceride (TAG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) concurrent with highly significant reduction in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) as compared with control group. administration of sage tea had no effect on normal rats. Animals treatment with sage to diabetic rats induced significant improvement in all testicular function parameters(total count, viability, motility and morphology), it reduced significantly blood glucose levels as well as induced significantly amelioration in lipid profile parameters as compared with non treated diabetic group. Therefore, it could be concluded that sage had a potent hypoglycemic activity, this effect may be attributed to its antioxidant activities. Results showed a significant decrease in Testosterone , LH , FSH levels in diabetic male rats compared with control male and sage with diabetic groups after 5 weeks from treated. The results obtained a significant increase in dead sperm , morphology abnormalities in diabetic male rats compared with control male ,Sage extract and Sag extract with diabetic

Dictionaries are fundamental components, typically, of every Natural Language Processing system. We proposed a hashing-indexing method to speed up looking up process inside dictionaries. It is a reconstruction of English dictionary of about 300,000 lexical entries using a combination of hash function and an indexing table. This hash function achieves random access according to tokens prefixes, index table keeps track of where the packet referred by the hash key is starting and how long it is. The hash function is perfect but not uniform; indexing is based on two levels, both are stated depending on similarity among tokens.

Aluminum casting alloys with silicon as the major alloying elements are the most important commercial casting alloys because of their superior casting characteristics and as it is well known that (Al-Si) alloys, which are widely applied in the aerospace and automotive industries. This research aims to study the effect of silver and cerium (2.5% Ag, 2% Ce) elements added to (Al-Si) alloy. In this research was calculated Vickers microhardness and corrosion resistance by electrochemical method to master alloy before and after the addition of silver and cerium.
The results showed that the addition of the silver element led to increase microhardness, decrease corrosion resistance, and either addition of cerium led to decrease microhardness, increase corrosion resistance and addition of elemental silver and cerium together led to increase microhardness, decrease corrosion resistance of (Al-Si) alloy. The results shown that the best corrosion resistance was in (C) alloy (Al- 6.37% Si- 2% Ce) while (B) (Al- 6.34% Si- 2.5% Ag) has better microhardness.

In this paper, we introduce and investigate the notion of α-syndetic sets, using the notion of α-open sets which was introduce by Njastad. And the work of W. Gottschalk , and S. Al-Kutaibi .

This research focuses on the nature and properties of urban heat island phenomenon such as the seasonal variation, and determining its intensity 〖∆T〗_(u-s) ℃ at the city of Hillah . In terms of environmental impacts it was estimated one of the more important indices that is related to psychological human comfort is the Temperature ــ Humidity Index THI , or as known Human – Discomfort index DI. The area of Hillah’s urban city center is about 165 〖km〗^2 whilst the area of its rural surruoundings is about 56.645 〖km〗^2 .The study reveals that the air temperature difference ∆T between city center and its surrounding is about 1 – 4 ℃ . The specific sites in this study are : the urban site ( u ) represented by the automatic meteorological station of the city of Hillah suburban site ( s ) represented by the automatic meteorological station in department of physics - college of education Babylon university, furthermore approaches of field observing processes over four of different locations were selected within a city center .The meteorological data that have been derived from above stations based on 2013 . In general, it was observed during winter both of ∆T_(u ) and 〖∆T〗_s were elevated at daytime compared to nighttime and reached to greatest value at noontime, and the amount of 〖∆T〗_(u-s) ℃ is ranging around the value 3℃ of average 3.1 ℃ . The 〖∆T〗_(u-s) value was strongest in July during summer season where its average reached 3.4 ℃ . Additionally during spring the values of 〖∆T〗_(u-s) ℃ increased compared to winter season . Also in autumn it was found that values of 〖∆T〗_(u-s) ℃ are slightly less than the values during spring .

The proposed research provide a new idea to protect the data as the data protection currently is necessary in all fields that use the world wide web as knownforLife is in need to use networks, internet and especially password to enter the private sites social media sites and transactions electronic banking. The idea of research, is based on three levels of protection, first is to encrypt the text and then convert the text to binary system and choose the image for of hiding the text within images, this represents the second level of protection. It is assumes that the image containing the text image of secrecy and selecting second image represents the cover and then using LSB method for the purpose of hiding the image which containing in the ciphertext and this is the third level of protection.

In this research, the energy bands (ground, beta and gamma) and electrical transitions probability for 56122Ba isotope have been studied using the interacting boson model-1. The results indicate that agreement between theoretical predictions and experimental values are fairly good. In the present research, The spin and party for some energy levels which is not specified practically have been affirmed According to the theoretical calculations and it was found these isotopes involved belong to symmetry of SU(3).

The present study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of children aged (1-20months - old) and compared the study with three other studies done in 1952, 1962, and 1982.
The study was conducted in Primary Health Care Center of Babylon Quarter in Hilla City throughout the period of March 2000 to the end of March 2001.
The sample was comprised of 2000 child aged 1-20 months old.
Data was collected through the use of Weight-for-Age indicator depending on the study of UNICEF (1997) at the Primary Health Centers through Polio National Immunization Days (PNID) in Iraq.
Analysis of data was performed through the application of descriptive and inferential statistics.
The study result revealed that there were no significant differences among the present study and the other three studies during the lst six months of age, but there is a significant difference after the six months of age.
The study also indicated that insuficient milk was the main reason for stopped breast feeding among mothers shared in the present study.
The study recommended that mothers must be attended a nutritional education programs in order to increase their knowledge and practices, also breast feeding may be encourage in all Iraqi P.H.C.

Background :Obesity is a complex multi factorial disease; genetic, metabolic, social, behavioral, and cultural , it has dramatic negative effects on overall health and related with decrements in overall spects of quality of life whether it is physical, psychological, or social.
Objective to assess the extent to which weight affects the quality of life in obese persons and to assess which aspects of quality of life are most effected by weight.
Design; A descriptive cross-sectional study of 170 persons randomly selected (as convenience sample) from three major hospitals in AL-Hilla city south of Baghdad from 1st of March to 30th of May. All patients included were have BMI more than30 kg/m2. Data obtained included IWOQL questionnaire (obesity-specific QOL questionnaire) ,measurement which included (body mass index ,waist circumference , waist to hip ratio ,body fat percentage) , were analysed by SPSS program version 17.
Results; The study included 170 obese persons, (35%) are male and (65%) are female with mean age (39.48 +_ 9.65), years old. of those (34.7%)were have good quality of life while or (65.3%) were have poor quality of life.There was significant relation between QOL and BMI (p value=0.000), according to domains (self confidence and sexual life)were more impaired in female p value was (0.000) and (0.02) respectively and (physical function,work)were more impaired in male p value was (0.01) and (0.000), older age were more impaired in(physical function,sexual life,work) p value was (0.000), (0.018), (0.006) respectively ,younger age more impaired in self confidence value (0.o18)
(58.5%) of study population were have no physical activity ,(56%) of study population were have sleeping time less than8 hrs,(54%) were sitting on computer screen or watching TV more than 3 hours. Regarding dietary habits;(55%)of study population were eating irregular meals,(71%)eating breakfast daily,(58%)eating snack >3times/wk,(27%) were eating snack before bed time,(45%)were often eating fast food,(46%)were drinking water less than 2L/day. Statistically, there was significant relation between QOL and (irregular meal p value=0.042)and(nocturnal snacking pvalue=0.031)
Conclusion; increasing BMI has negative effect in on physical ,psychological ,and social aspects of life, it is effected by;age(older age more impaired in physical function,work and sexual life ,younger age more effectedin self- confidence), gender (female in self-confidence and sexual life ,male in physical function and work), bad medical history , sedentary and unhealthy life style ,unhealthy eating habits can effect on quality of life in obese individuals.

Human and animal are the main sources of water and environmental contamination. This study aims to discover and determine the prevalence of drinking water contamination with parasites. A total of 425 water samples were colleted from Basrah marshes villages south of Iraq, during the period of November 2012 to May 2013. Water samples were examined by direct method and by sedimentation and floatation methods. From 425 water samples 155(36.4%) were parasitic and 270 (63.5%) were no contaminated. Entamoeba histolytica is the most common parasites that was detected in 34(8%) water samples followed by Giardia lamblia 31(7.2%) and then other types of parasites but in lower rates. The examinations included study some of the effective factors on the growth of these parasites such as temperature and pH. Statistically, there are significant differences (p<0.01) among the contamination rates of water samples for all villages of Basrah marshes. Parasites are found in various water sources especially that found in rural villages of marshes land showed a higher prevalence of contamination can be explained by poor sanitation and personal hygiene, also Style life and environmental of marshes land, contamination water supply, lack of filtration and rottenness of water distributing pipes and warm climate in Basrah province.

Biometric science is one of the important tendencies which used in a human entity identification and security fields. Fingerprint is an important vital index in the field of security because it's unique for any individual and no change in its properties with time. Information security means protecting information from access illegal. This paper suggests a new approach for information secrecy and authentication on networks. This method used matching the features of fingerprints to ensure the sender authentication and generate the symmetry key depending on the ridges curvatures of fingerprint. Bezier curve equation is used to visualizing those ridges and store the result of control points which represent these curves in a matrix, then the algorithm will be selected randomly two curves when those curves have maximum degree of curvature to generate the symmetry key that used for encryption, authentication, and secured key exchange.

In this research, we show the ability to monitor the activity of Dubas bug pest on date palms by proposing an active web forewarning system integrated with web based geospatial application (Google maps API) to enable the agricultural scientists and farmers to show the pest development in their regions by viewing online pest risk graphs and maps. Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method was used to interpolate temperatures data from weather stations to the user identified location. Single sine model is applied to estimate degree-days due to its practicality in providing a better predictive capability. Two proposed algorithms are designed to simulate the pest growth. The first algorithm works to produce accurate graphs to show the accumulated degree-days of each pest growth stages in the user specified location and date. The second algorithm simulate the pest growth during the user specified date as color plotting on the map with a radius of (500) meter. The proposed system can practically expand its functionality for any pest of interest given its phenological data. The system tested on 2013 weather data and gives good experimental results. Now it is ready for practical evaluation by specialists to determine its efficiency and applicability.