Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal

The development of mesonephros kidney study wasdone on the rats (Rattus norvegicus Albinus), the study included detection of the timing of appearance of mesonephros kidney. The study revealed that the differentiation and development of the mesonephros kidney began in the rat at 13th day from pregnancy. The study showed that the mesonephros was poorly developed in rat,and the degeneration was began in 15th day of gestation period and end in 17 days gestation period to replace by metanephros (permanent kidney).

Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious viral disease all over the world that could cause several losses for the poultry industry. The current study was conducted to clarify the real evidence that the quails play important role in
the epidemiology source of NDV. Two groups of quail were used at 50 and150 day old for identification of the NDV. Antigen Rapid Test Kit (Bionote, South Korea) used to identify the positive cases, all positive cases by this kit were
tested by Enzyme- Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to determine the antibody titers against NDV in all study groups. The results of this study revealed that antibodies against NDV were detected with the mean titer of
2904.39 ±119.238 and 4664.36 ±136.659 to each age groups respectively, in spite of no clinical signs of NDV were observed in thetwo groups. The results referred that quail were carrier for the NDV and may be transmission the
pathogen virus to other poultry that housed together, and that calls the attention to the importance of the quail from the epidemiological point of view as a potential source of NDV to commercial poultry (broiler or layer) that housed
with or near quails.

The experiment was conducted at Heat Laboratory - College of Engineering - University of Baghdad during 2013. Three local diesel fuel included Baiji, Daura, Basrah were used in this study. The tests were carried out
to evaluate the effect of speeds and loads and winter and summer season on the diesel engine emissions of agricultural tractors with different types of local fuel. Results were showed that the lowest rate of hydrocarbons (HC) was in Daura fuel in summer. Lowest rate of carbon monoxide (CO) was in Daura fuel in summer. Best rate of carbon dioxide (CO2) was in Daura fuel in summer. Lowest ratio of hydrocarbons was in Daura fuels at 2000 r.p.m at 2 N.m in
summer. Lowest rate of carbon monoxide was in Daura fuel at 3000 r.p.m at 8 N.m in summer. Highest rate of carbon dioxide was in Daura fuel at 2000 r.p.m at 10 N.m in summer.

This study was conducted in the Animal farm, department of Animal Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Tikrit during the period from 11 March,2014 to 11 May,2014 to investigate the effect of adding Parsley seeds (Petroselinum crispum) in the diets on feed consumption, feed efficiency and egg production in the performance of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Ninety six laying quails (72 females and 24 males) at 48 weeks of age were reared in cages and randomly allocated with 4 dietary treatments one was the control group (without any additives) (T1); the others were (0.5 %, 1.0 % and 1.5 % parsley) added to (T2, T3 and T4) respectively, each group consist of 24 birds and divided to 3 Replicates (8 birds). Water and feed were provided ad libitum during the experimental period. There were no significant difference in egg weight and feed efficiency among the groups while there were significant in hen day egg production (H.D %), total cumulative egg number, egg mass and feed consumption due to parsley seeds in quail compared with control. Concluded from this study that use of parsley to improve productive performance of Japanese quails.

This project has been conducted in New Zealand in 1999, as arequirement for feed production companies to control salmonella in feed by Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (MAF). Feed is the most important factor in poultry production enterprises because of its impact on cost and health. It takes the feed about two minutes to reach the 80 ºC. The feed could be recycled if didn’t reach the 82-83 ºC planned. Steam temperature was stable and around 130 ºC. This temperature could be optimized to reduce energy cost without affecting the pelleting process through tracing the feed in temperature (ingredients) one can say, that some of the steam is entering to the feed-in tube and raising the feed-in temperature to 46-50 ºC. The regular incoming feed temperature was between 20-25 ºC. The die temperature was 92 ºC, and cooler temperature for the feed out was 20 ºC.

The optimum condition for production of L-arabinose isomerase from Bacillus subtilis AH1 were determined by submerged culture using broth medium containing 2 % Galactose as carbon source and 0.15 % of L-arabinose as inducer and 1 % of yeast extract and peptone respectively, as nitrogen source with 0.02 % of magnesium sulfate and 0.002 % manganese sulfate at pH of 7.5 after 48 hours of incubation at 30 °C.

Concentration of heavy metals (Cd,Cu,Pb and Zn) in water and sediments of the Euphrates River in the extende part within Thi Qar city- Iraq was Measured. Some of water and sedimints Was taken from three sites was selected depending on level of water contamination. The site1 is located north-west of Thi Qar city, while the site 2 is 5 km south of site1downstream near electric power station, site 3. is located under the influence of human activity for the city and is a distance of 10 km from the site2. The control group was represent by water and sedimint as will as fish collection from seas scince center - Basrah university.The water and sedimints in all sites was transferred to the labratory and divided into three groups and each group divided into three replications contain 30 juvinal fish. All experimntal fish was caughed from ponds of Basrha university. bioaccumulation for heavy metals in gills, liver and putitary gland as well as ultrastructure of hepatocytes was study during of 7 , 28 and 45 days was detriminated in study sites. The results was illustrated that the site3. is recorded the highest values of the elemints concentration compare with othe sites , While the bioaccumulation of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) was notced in site 3 and 2. Ultrastructure of hepatocytes in 45 days was appeared small size of lysosmes, organelles damage, hypertrophy of mitochondira, aggrgation of faty drops, necrosis and degeneration of golgi complex as well as vaculation of cytoplama.theses cellular changes was most obvious in site3. Histopathological changes was Observed in gills and putitary glands and represented by hyperplasia, edges spherical, integration of secondary lamella, inflamination, necrosis, degeneration,Hemorrhage, Congestion, odema and fibrosis . While the putitary gland was showed that odema, Inflammation, increase number of basic cells , degeneration pyknotic . all these histological changes was most most obvious in site3 compare with other sites.

The enzyme was purified by 30-80% saturation of ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose column and by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200, with 18.5 fold and 32.8% recovery. The results of the enzyme characterization showed that it’sestimated molecular weight was 47.2 kD. The optimum pH of activity was 8.0 and it’soptimum pH of stability was 7.5. The optimum temperature for the activity was 40OC, and the enzyme was retained its original activity after incubation for 10 minutes at temperatures ranging from 30-40 OC. The protease was metalloprotease because it was affected by the chelating agent EDTA. The protease showed high affinity toward β-casein, compared with its activity towards αs-casein and k-casein.

The presence of psychrotrophic Pseudomonas fluorescens was investigated in samples of Iraqi soft cheese that produced in the dairy plant of the department of food science, college of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Iraq. Depending on the cultural, morphological and biochemical tests and proteolysis, 24 isolates were diagnosed as proteolytic bacteria. The diagnosis was confirmed by Vitek 2 compact system. The most efficient 5 isolates were used to quantitative investigate protease production capability. The local isolate P. fluorescens ISH was the best in enzyme production (117.8 units/mg protein), and thus it was used in the current study to produce the enzyme by submerged cultures. The optimum conditions for protease production were the use of minimal salts medium with 1% skim milk and pH 8 at a 15OC for 96 hours and the inoculum size was 1 x 107 using shaking incubator at 125rpm of speed.

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of adding constant levels of probiotics ( BIOS B-Gold ) Korean origin 1 gm probiotics / Kg diet for different perioed of birds life on productive performance of broiler by using 72 unsexed Ross/Turkish one day age broiler chicks bring from local hatcheries(Aljazera hatcheries) . the birds were randomly distributed to four treatments in column batteries with three replicates per treatment (6chicks/replicated). Probiotics supplemented into ration from the fourth day until the end of experiment in level 0 gm probiotics /Kg diet(T1) ،1 gm probiotics /Kg diet (T2 T3 T4) respectively for different period to the end of experiment (42 day). The statistical analysis of the results showed that birds in T1 had significantly (P≤0.01) increased in body weight gained trait at the age of 21 days and ،T1 and T4 were significantly (P≤0.01) increased at 42 day ، Food consumption was significantly (P≤0.01) increased in T1 when compared with T2 ،T3 at the age of 21 days ،while at 42 day of age T1 and T3 were significantly (P≤0.01) increased compared with T2 and T4. We conclude that the probiotics (( BIOS B-Gold ) has no effects on productive performance.

The Testes samples were harvested from local slaughtered of local black goats in Almqudadia carnage . black local Bucks about 1-3 years estimated by data examination . The samples were 10 testes of each month, starting from 15 July 2012 to 15 July 2013. The samples were excised from bodies of slaughtered animals. The extracted samples were cleared from adjacent structures. The samples were immersed in isotonic saline solution with ice packs during transportation to the experimental lab. Morphometric,The results showed increased significantly during autumn to weight , volume , length and width to reached 155.94±1.21 gm, 138.133±1.32 cm3 , 10.62±10.62, cm 27.7±0.11and 26.14±1.21cm respectively, compare with other seasons .Total weight of epididymis increased significantly during the autumn to reach (17.52±3.27gm) compare with (13.26±4.18 gm), (11.51±1.11 gm) and (11.60±2.13 gm) during the winter ، the spring and the summer respectively investigated showed the cauda of epididymis reached highest weight during the autumn (7.71±0.20 gm) and lowest weight during the winter ، the summer (4.48±0.30 gm (. conclusion the autumn season effect significantly in testicular changes and reproductive season beginning in black local Bucks.

The results of this study showed ofaqueousextracts from plant leaves varieties such as (Meliaazedarach , Ricinuscommunis, Xanthium strumarium ) in Aphis neriiboyer. The results showed a variation in mortality percentage according to plant variety , time stageandconcentrations on Aphis neriiboyer. showed a significant mortality percentage during a period of 24 and 48 hr, Meliaazedarachleavesaqueous extractsuperior at 10% concentration which reached to 66.66 , 100 % for nymphrespectively. Comparison with Ricinuscommunisleaves aqueous extract and Xanthium strumariumleaves aqueous extractswhich reached to 60 , 83.33 and 53.33 ,76.66 % for nymph during a period of 24 and 48 hr. at 10% concentration respectively. Toxicity values have alsoreachedduring a period of 24 and 48 hr,100 , 100 % and 85.29 ,76.92% and 82.85 ,66.66 % for all the Meliaazedarachand Ricinuscommunis and Xanthium strumariumrespectively. Whilerelativity Efficiency values it reached to 120.68 , 150 , 102.94 , 115.38 , 100 , 100 %. at the Meliaazedarach , Ricinuscommunis , Xanthium strumariumduring a period of 24 and 48 hr.respectively.Meliaazedarachleaves extract showed a significant in Comparisonwith theotherplant extracts.

The paper aims at investigating the impact of substituting wheat flour with rice flour on the chemical composition and qualitative properties of biscuits. The treatments of the paper was A( 0% rice flour) ، B ( 25% rice flour ) ، C ( 50% rice flour) ، D ( 75% rice flour) and E ( 100% rice flour) . Results of the chemical analysis show that protein and fat ratios decreased from 14.90% to 8.90% based on dry weight. While there was an increase in the ratios of ash and carbohydrates; ash ratio ranged between 0.70% and 1.10% on the basis of dry weight، and the carbohydrates ratio fell between 82.50% and 89.00 % based on dry weight. Regarding biscuits flakiness، it show a decrease in spite of the absence of significant variations among factors. Factor A equals (0% rice flour)، 1.60 cm، while factor E reached to (100% rice flour) 0.80cm، with a decrease ratio of 12.50% and 50.00%. Concerning biscuits spread ratio، it signifies an increase، noticing significant variations among factors. Factor E (100% rice flour) marks the highest degree mounting to 5.40 compared to factor A (0% rice flour) of 3.80 degree. In Sensory evaluation، concerning tenderness، factor E (100% rice flour) gained the highest level of 9.00 followed by B، C، D factors as compared to factor A (0% rice flour) of 7.30 degree. In crumb colour values trait، factor C (50% rice flour) reached the highest degree of 19.00 followed by factor B (25% rice flour) of 18.40 degree. Factor E (100% rice flour) signals the highest degree considering flavour reaching to 19.00، flowed by factors D and C of 17.80 degree and 16.50 degree respectively. Specific volume feature decreased as factor E (100% rice flour) gained the lest degree of 27.30، followed by B، C، D factors as compared to factor A (0% rice flour) which had a degree of 35.10. Finally، factors B and C show the highest degrees in sensory properties total reaching to 84.30 and 82.60 respectively.

This study was carried out during winter season 2011-2012 at the field of Al-khalis experiments station . A split – split plots Design was used with four replications , to evaluate the effect of water irrigation and grain magnetization on grain yield and yield Components of wheat (Var. IPA 95) The main plots were included two types of water ( Fresh and Saline) , while the subplots were included two treatments of water irrigation ( normal and magnetic ) and the grain magnetization 0 , 500 , and 1000 GS were Put in Sub – Sub plots . The results showed that there is significant effect of irrigation water to reduce all studied characteristics , while the water and grain magnetization gave higher effect as compared with non magnetization treatments , and reduced the damage of water salinity .However treatment of magnetized grain with 500 GS and irrigation with magnetization fresh water gave the best grain yield 5.930 t.h-1.

A factorial plastic pots experiment was conducted in Fallujah Region / AlAnbar governorate in the season 2012-2013 To investigate the influence of application methods of the humic acid (control, soil application foliar application , and soil application+ foliar application ) which extracted from wheat straw compost and phosphorus levels ( control ,20,40) mg p. kg-1 soil on some properties of barley plants growth and yield in a silty loam soil, using ( RCBD ) design with three replication and treatment means were compared according to L.S.D. test at 5%. Results showed that all application methods of the humic acid caused in a significant increases in most of parameters used and mix application (land+foliar) have surpass in plant height, straw yield, P uptake grain yield, fertilization efficiency (89.66 cm, 51.11, gm.pot-1, 184.1, mg.pot -1, 17.25 gm.pot -1, 36.8% ) respectively. phosphorus levels caused a significant increases in all above parameters and the level 20 mg p kg-1soil gave the highest results at the plant height, straw yield , (86.20 cm, 49.56, gm.pot -1 ) respectively. While the level 20 mg p kg-1 soil achieved highest increase in P uptake , grain yield, and fertilization efficiency (183.2 mg.pot -1 18.06 gm.pot -1 , 43.1% ) respectively. The interaction between the study factors were significant and the mix application method combined with the 20 mg p. kg-1soil level achieved highest increase in plant height, and P absorption efficiency ( 90.37cm , 44.25%) respectively while the land application method combined with the same phosphate level achieved highest increase in straw yield ) 51.98 gm.pot -1 ) the mix application method combined with the 40 mg p. kg-1soil level achieved highest increase in P uptake, grain yield and fertilization efficiency (201.4 mg.pot-1, 18.68 gm.pot-1 ,48.0%) respectively .

Characterization of soil Sensitivity to erosion in desert ecosystem is very important to conserving fragile ecosystems and planning management and protect ecosystem from degradation . desert ecosystem degradation terms refer to soil erosion, mass movement and basin sedimentation. The study area located in the southern part of Al- Qadisiyah lake (109.15 ha) at latitude from 34°00N to 34°30 N and longitude from 42°00E to 42°20 E. A number of 10 soil site were studied. The soil laboratory analyses were: soil texture, Calcium carbonate content, and average of organic matter content was 0.5%) .The results showed That area of study were classified into four main site varied to soil Sensitivity to erosion which are classified to: law sensitive (12.13%), moderate sensitive (26.90%), high sensitive (39.76%),and very high sensitive (21.21%)

This research displays the natural vegetation in Iraq in general ,and the study area , in particular " for the decline of some plant species and the extinction of the others , This makes it necessary for the existing species to be classified as a prelude " to protect them and use them in genetic improvement programs , So the goal of research is to study some aspects of biodiversity in the region of the issuance of - Diyala. The study is based on 32 samples plant with collected replication by the researcher and deposited all the lawns of Iraq, where Osraly 12 somewhat " back to 4 races of the family of the cornea classified " scientifically " and stated their names and local common areas in Iraq " Aoarabiya " and their durability and their economic importance ( medical or feed ). With their geographical distribution in the provinces of Iraq and belonging geographical in some neighboring countries of Iraq such as ( Saudi Arabia, Kuwait , Turkey and Iran ) , what it is found that there is convergence of ecosystems and natural conditions of climate , including those " between these States and study area . It is concluded from the results of the study, that all the species group are herbaceous plants , and are most types of group are unilateral strabismus with 10 ( types The number of perennial species is 2, either in terms of the importance of economical plants were all forage plants and some are medical while others are thoughtful of in medical terms , and that most of them are widespread in the provinces other than Iraq , either in terms of the geographical origin in neighboring countries which turned out to be the highest percentage of presence in Turkey by 100% and then in Iran and then Kuwait and Saudi Arabia in the same proportion.

Field experiment was carried out on eggplant Solanum melongena in green house in the College of Agriculture Department of Horticulture- University Diyala during the season 2013 to study the effect of amino acid added at a beginning of tillors stage in growth and yield of eggplant (Variety:Barcelona) as has spray after the first four weeks of planting seedlings inside the plastic house and the period 14 days between the workshop and the other was the number of sprinkles 7 workshops. And carried out the experiment in accordance with the of a Randomized Completely Block Design RCBD, the results outweigh the treatment of overlap spraying acid amino proline and arginine concentration of 200 ppm for each of them to get the highest values of the attributes of wet and dry weight of shoot and root indicated as was 946.67 g 195.67 g , 236.67 g, 59.33 g, respectively, compared to the control treatment, which amounted to 296.67 g, 58.33 g, 56.00 g, 16.66 g, respectively, while the treatment given the overlap spraying amino acid proline and arginine concentration of 200 and 0 ppm each respectively to obtain the highest values of the attributes of a number of fruits and Yield of the experimental unit, as was 35.66 fruit, 5.34 kg. respectively.

Targeted search function estimating the cost of production broiler ,in order to achive this goal were sufficient data by a random sample , and collected at random from a breeder broiler meat in Diyala whereas a total of 77 field from total of 358 as arate of 21%.When costs analysis, shows that the fact the feed content from 66.9% from changer costs , while rent from 58.88% constant cost and small field 1-15 thousands endure greater than the average of the total cost comparison from another costs .When estimating function costs was model cubic, shows that it was more appropriate, for relation in studying and harming economic , statistical and studied tests , where the function was significant at the level of 1% and 91% from total change caused by changes in total cost for broiler .The size of production optimization was 42.9 tan of number of broiler optimize was 26.01 thousand broiler and they are theoretic all superior for achievement on level sample . production is subject to increasing yield in two categories first and second , and on categories in the third category. show through economic analysis that the level of maximum potential for profit was 45.6 ton and less price can be accepted producer was 2.2 thousand diner . Through the findings of the researcher recommends that research necessary expand investment projects broiler with large sizes for production where is investment in breading broiler stay suboptimal and it is one alfrus good investment return.

This study has been conducted of irrigated Populus nigra plantation in Warso village – Zakho – Governorate of Dohuk at the Northern part of Iraq . The aims were to determine the dry weights biomass for different tree and stand parameters above ground surface ; in order to gain a clear view on carbon stock retainer for different tree for different tree parts. The basic data of this study were collected from the stands according to the Stratified Random Sampling through felling of 27 poplar trees whose parts , above ground surface , were weighted in addition to sub samples from each whole tree parameters in order to prepare estimating dry weights . By using the data and different available regression methods within Statgraphics program system , it become possible to prepare different tree parameters biomass forecasting equations . These equations were tested according to different precision measures ; Adjusted Determination Coefficient , Standard Error , Ohtomo test , Furnival index and Residual Analysis Test. Access at best equation to estimating carbon stock retainer .

Two experiments were carried out during agricultural season 2013-2014 on wheat crop Triticum aestivum L. , first for germination percentage under salinity conditions , seeds of genotypes and local varieties were planted in pots at three salt levels (0, 12,16 ds/m) , using randomized complete blook design (RCBD) with three replicates after 10-15 days from the sowing date the percentage of germination was estimated. The second experiment was carried out in the Laboratary to detect selected the genetic variation between genotypes and local cultivar, Seeds were planted in salinized soils at two salt concentrations 0 and 20 ds/m. After 30-35 days from the sowing date, samples of the leaves were taken to extract the DNA to studying genetic variation between selected genotypes and local cultivar using RAPD-PCR technique. The results revealed that the RAPD-PCR interaction using 7 primer there are differences between genotypes and local varieties , these primers differ in the band number and location and the primer OPC-12 is the best among the primersbeing show the discriminating power through its production bands with a molecular weight 100bp in genotypes N5 and 2H under conditions of salinity but its not appear band in the local varieties Iraq and Latifia and under the same conditions of salinity, these band may represent the salt tolerance gene responsible for the appearance salt tolerance in genotypes.

This study aimed basically a determine in the level of knowledge of the staff farm in the province of Salah al-Din on how to keep the environment from pollution and is determined by estimating the knowledge level staff farm in four fields in general and the order of the main areas of the level of knowledge respondents, as well as determine the correlation between the level of knowledge respondents and each of the following independent factors (age, sex, education level, years of service, jurisdiction, upbringing). The search included all staff farm in the Agriculture Department of Salahuddin province and the people affiliate's (166) respondents, after the exclusion of the test sample initial amount (30) employees, in addition to the exclusion of the forms that have not completed their answers become the research sample includes 115 employees has surveyed and study the process all of their findings. Has been to obtain data for research by questionnaire included two parts: the first part: to ensure their characteristics and personal career, either Part II: has included a measure promising specially to measure cognitive level employees agricultural on how to keep the environment from pollution, and after ascertaining the veracity of the content and honesty virtual was measured steadiness way retail midterm, and then began the process of data collection, and after unloading data and classification have been processed statistically using the statistical analysis for the social sciences (SPSS), The results showed that the majority of respondents was their level of knowledge in the field of preservation of the environment from pollution moderate. He also explained that the field of water pollution may be issued the first place to the level of knowledge and soil contamination has come in the last place of the level of knowledge respondents. The results also showed that the variables (age, years of service) related to the knowledge level of respondents and variables (sex, level of education, competence, origination) do not have anything to do with the cognitive level.

This study included the influence of different temperatures 30 , 35 , 40 , 45 ,50, 55 C° and 14 exposure periods 5 ,10 , 15 ,20 , 25 ,30 , 35 , 40 , 45 , 50 , 55 , 60 , 65 , 70 minutes in order to compare with 30 C° , it was found that 30 and 35 C° were suitable for developments of the caterpillar larva instars (first or third and fifth) pupal and survival of adults , the results showed that exposure to 50 C° for all exposure periods was the lethal temperature for all developmental stages , the highest of lethal percent of larval pupal , and adult stages was 100% while the lowest was 0% at 30 and 35Co.

This study was conducted to educate citizens to the unhealthy methodes in cooling the invasive drinks and juices in the summer and in the spread of refrigerated containers for thes fluids . The study showed after examining 120 refrigerated container in the province of Diwaniyah for duration three months are July,August and September that there obvious ratios existence. Eggs of parasites worms Faciola hepatica ,Faciola gigantica and Schistosoma hematobium. The total percentage parasite Faciola hepatica was 5% in the center of the province and the districts and counties the parasite Faciola gigantica 11.6% and the total percentage of the parasite Schistosoma hematobium was 5.5% . The containers has been divided to 60 in the center of the province and 60 in the province and district took three samples of water from each container for a number of samples 360 samples (180 of city center, 180 of the province and district), and then the ratios Seen eggs worm Faciola hepatica in the center is 6.6% either in districts, counties is 3.3%, while the worm Faciola gigantica, the percentages total to the presence of eggs in the samples is 11.1% in the city center either percentage Seen eggs in samples districts, counties are 12.2% was recorded eggs worm Schistosoma hematobium percentage amounted to 2.7% in the city center and 8. 3% in the districts and counties and the existence and spread of of these ratios leads to the spread of these worms and the spread of of parasitic diseases, so you should pay attention to the healthy ways to save invasive drinks, juices and healthy cooled and use ice cubes from water treatment.

This study aims to determine the actual water requirement and water use efficiency for rice (Oryza sativa L. ). Using 16 varieties of a drought tolerant of aerobic rice got it from the International Rice Research Institute and two local varieties (Anbar 33 and Yasamin) under two irrigation methods flooded and sprinkler. Randomized Complete Block Design was used with four replicates. In flooded irrigation water was still on 5-10 cm over soil surface through the growth season. Water was applied when the average of soil water potential (SWP) reached -30 kpa at the 30 cm depth and bring it to the field capacity. Sprinkler irrigation method reduce the water amount by 35% compared with flooded irrigation which gave the largest water consumption 1035 mm/season. There are a significant differences between flooded and sprinkler irrigation method for grain yield 4.23 , 3.66 (t/h) respectively. Therefore, the use of modern technologies for irrigation methods such as sprinkler irrigation and the use of new varieties of rice tolerant to drought (Aerobic rice) are effective ways to increase the water use efficiency and to provide the amount of irrigation water to serve water resources management strategy to address the current deficit is expected in water resources.

This experiment was conducted at Falluja date palm research station province fellow horticulture station ,Ministry of Agriculture during the growing season 2013 to test the effect of organic fertilization and addition methods on some vegetative properties and yield component, leaves content of nitrogen, phosphors ,potassium, carbohydrate, starch and sugar of date Khastawi grown in Gypsifrious Soil . The addition organic fertilization Humic acid at 2 gm.l-1 spraying on vegetative part, 4 gm.l-1 addition to soil, and addition K-Humate acid at 2 gm.l-1 spraying on vegetative part, 4 gm.l-1 addition to soil, include interaction between them and the control treatment , three weeks after of pollination . RCBD was used , the data collect , analyzed and compared the significantly inferences with LSD level 0.05. The results were:The treatment Humic acid at 4 gm.l-1 and K-Humate 4 gm.l-1 (T10) had superiority by giving highest leaf length, leaflet length ,leaves contents of chlorophyll, nitrogen ,phosphors, potassium ,carbohydrate, starch , total sugar , fruit diameter , weight and total yield of 55.67 kg.date palm 1- ,while the lowest average of these parameters were found in the control treatment and gave the yield total 37.33 date palm 1- .C/N ratio of control treatment had superiority compared with (T10) treatment (5.50- 4.02).

Afield experiment were conducted on Dahlia (Dahlia variabilis L. cv. Arizona) at Fahama/Baghdad Provence during spring at 16March to explain the effect of foliar spray of Potassium Sulphate K2SO4(0, 3.5 and 5gl-1) and Ascorbic acid or Vit.C (0, 50 and 100mgl-1) on vegetative and flowering growth characters. Results showed that spraying of K2SO4 at 5gl-1 and 100mgl-1 of Vit.C lead to increasing of plant high, number of leaves significantly, as well as chlorophyll percent (spad unit) and the percent of mineral elements (NPK) comparing the control treatment, as well as increased the number of inflorescence and elongated the period of inflorescence keeping quality and arrangement ability on plants, while caused delay the first inflorescence appearance(day).

This experience was carried out in a private nursery in the city of Baquba / Diyala province for the period from 24\ 2\2013 to 1\12\2013to study the effect of humic acid pray on Some Citrus Rootstocks tolerance to Irrigation Water Salinity . Four Citrus rootstocks seedlings (Soure orange ,Cleopatra mandarin ,Volkameriana lemon and Troyercitrange) treated with three Salinity levels of irrigation water (ECw= 0.7 ,3.0 , 4.5 dSm-1),and two levels of Humic acid (0 ,and 1 %).The results were as follows: Irrigation wih 4.5dSm-1 electrical conductivity water gave an increase in leaf Proline ,Carbohydrates , while it caused a decrease in the mean of plant height , main stem diameter increase ,and leaves chlorophyll content.Spraying of humic acid on vegetative system caused a significant increase in mean plant hight ,stem diameter and leaves chlorophyll content , and carbohydrates .whereas this application caused a dcrease in leaves proline content .Cleopatra mandarin rootstock was significantly superior on other rootstocks in leaves proline content ,while troyer citrange significantly surperior on rest rootstocks in the mean increase of Plant length.

This research was conducted in the laboratories of the Market Research and Consumer Protection Center, University of Baghdad, the research aimed to use immobilized enzymes to removal bitter and turbidity from natural orange juice with a single step and study the optimal conditions for their work, the results showed that used sodium alginate gel was lead to immobilized 84 and 87% of the original amount of the naringinase and pectinase respectively, the optimum pH of the immobilized naringinase and pectinase was 4, the results showed that both enzymes were stable at pH ranging from 3 to 6 for 30 minutes, the optimum temperature for immobilized naringinase and pectinase was 50ºC, it was observed they were stable at 45 and 50ºC for 30 minutes respectively, the results of the immobilized naringinase and pectinase storage at 4ºC showed that they were keep of its activity for 24 and 27days respectively, determination of the optimum time of immobilized naringinase and pectinase activity showed that they have shown the highest activity at 75 and 60 minutes of reaction respectively, using of immobilized enzymes was lead to increase in the amount of reducing sugars that released from juice to 0.82 mg/ml at 60 minutes of reaction time, using of immobilized enzymes lead to a decrease in the viscosity of the natural juice from 2.3 to be 1.14 cp when 60 minutes of reaction time, the immobilized naringinase was keep of all activity after 6 cycle, while the immobilized pectinase was keep of all activity after 7 cycle