College Of Basic Education Researches Journal

The genetic structuralist trend, which is one of the fields of sociology of literature, relies on the concept of similarity between aesthetic structures and the reality that produced the creator. Therefore, we chose to clarify this impact on the formation of the female narrative discourse and how the female discourse turns into power relations. This discourse began to appear clearly and obvious after it was fading away under the dominance of masculinity on it. It is a discourse that shows the relationships between women and men as well as patterns of social and sexual education. And the woman began to express what is going through her mind without fear or shame. We chose the novel "The World of lonly Women's " by lutfia Al-Dulaimi to be an applied model for our study because it contains a revolution on the reality of female writing.

Abstract: The research tagged with (The Other Satire in Women's Poetry in the Abbasid Era), as the Abbasid Era is one of the richest literary eras that witnessed prosperity in the literary arena in both poetry and prose, and in light of this prosperity and development, women had an active contribution to literary life in general and poetry in particular. The woman excelled in saying poetry with different purposes, such as flirting, lamentation, praise, satire and others. As for the other in all its forms, it formed a prominent presence in Arab poetry in general and women’s poetry in the Abbasid era in particular, and despite the fact that (the other) was studied by a number of poets, it was not studied by the poetic woman, and thus we sought to see the manifestations of this matter in women’s poetry It is hoped that we will add a new special experience that contributes to revealing the impact of the emigrant other in the poetry of the Abbasid Arab woman.

The research stopped on the art of contrast in Surat Al-Layle according to the rhetorical criteria of the rhetoric of the Noble Qur’an and Arabic rhetoric and treated the difference between contrast and counterpoint and that the match is only by combining two opposites and the interview is often between combining four opposites, and the research stopped on the complex interview in Surat Al-Layle and the name of the surah corresponds to its subject and opening The surah for its conclusion and also stopped on the systems of the surah according to the theory of systems by Abdul Maher Al-Jurjani. The research dealt with the effect of convergence in the holy text, and what is the benefit of convergence in the surah? Why is symmetry in Surat al-Layle, and symmetry is considered one of the sciences of the Qur’an, in addition to being a rhetorical science by which the miracles of the Qur’an are understood.
The research focused on the discovered secrets of contrast and the merit of this art in the holy text, and the research dealt with the contrastive sentence and its structural structure in Surat Al-Layle.

The French critic Philippe Lejeune drew the distinctive boundaries of autobiographical writing and the set of terms of trade in the text within a textual charter he called the epigraphic enactments, but this prevents the emergence of a new narrative. What this art imposes on a clear reference charter, by matching the writer's name with the central character narrator , After that, the so-called mixed narrative types appeared that fluctuate between biography and novel or story and biography, until in the last two decades we reached the popular term in Arab criticism “self-imagining”, where this term will become the subject of this study’s question. From this point of view, we will discuss in this article the study of my grandfather’s lanterns and my grandfather’s candies by Haitham Bahnam Barada, which responds in ma.ny aspects to this emerging writin.

Paradise is the abode of God Almighty’s dignity for man, and it is a group of heavens divided into sections, each of which is specialized in a category of categories according to their homes and deeds. Among these gardens is the paradise of bliss that God has prepared for those who fear Him, adhere to His commands, avoid His prohibitions, and do good deeds that qualify him to be among its people.

The current research aims to shed light on Al-sayyab's attitude towards death inevetability and confrontation in his 'Al-ma'bad Al-ghariq' and 'Manzil Al-aqnan' , as it is one of the most significant themes tackled by the poet due to his long-term illness. Al-sayyab was overwhemed by many humanistic and existential issues, which illustrate his attitude and vision on death being an existential reality.Therefore, his position on death varied on three main axes : (surrendering to death ,turning to death , and facing death) . We proceeded in it from a philosophical principle based on the opinions of critics and philosophers, adopting the analytical method in explaining Al-Sayyab,s position and viewpoint towards the inevitability of death and confronting it .

يلقي هذا البحث المزيد من الضوء على المنهج العلمـي الاكـاديمي الذي نهجته الدكتورة نبيلة عبد المنعم في مسيرتها العلمية ، فضلاً عن اراءها وطروحاتها في مجال تحقيق النصوص التاريخية والعلمية ، وجهودها العلمية والفكرية التي بذلتها في تأليف وتحقيق الكتب والمؤلفات في مختلف العلوم والفنون، في اطار مشروع احياء التراث العربي الاسلامي، ودورها الفاعل والمؤثر في الساحة العلمية والثقافية على مستوى داخل العراق وخارجه، وذلك من خلال مشاركتها لعدد كبير من الندوات والمؤتمرات ، وكيف سخرت كل امكانياتها وطاقاتها في خدمة المسيرة العلمية والفكرية، والدراسات والبحث العلمي، والتي ساهمت بتخريج جيل من الأساتذة والباحثين، وطلبـة الدراسات العليا وطلبة العلم، حتى عدت بحق أحد أبرز المؤرخين والمحققين في العراق وحتى العالمين العربي والاسلامي خلال القرنين العشرين والواحد والعشرين.

The research aims to Preparation an Cognitive emotional regulation strategies scale for the students of the University of Mosul, where the researcher adopted the descriptive approach, and the research community consisted of (23051) students for the academic year 2021-2022. A stratified random sample of (920) male and female students was selected at a rate of 4%. Done Preparation the cognitive emotional regulation strategies scale depending on the Gross’s theory(1998), which includes two types of strategies (pre-focus strategies - focus response strategies) of the type of items, For the purpose of extracting the psychometric properties, the scale was presented in its initial form to experts in educational and psychological sciences to extract the apparent validity, the Preparation validity of the scale was extracted as well, and calculating the discriminatory power of the items, the calculated T values ranged between (0.577-6.818), which is greater than the tabular value of (1.96), and thus all the items of the scale are distinguished, also the internal consistency was calculated, as the values of the correlation coefficients for the degree of items and the total degree of the scale ranged between (1.122-6.547), As for the values of the correlation coefficients related to the degree of items and the total degree of the domains of the scale ranged between (0.545- 8.431)and the number of items of the scale in its final form became (30) items. The stability was also extracted by the test and re-apply of the test, and the value of the correlation coefficient in this way was (0.83), and Cronbach's alpha equation value was (0.81), Thus, the highest expected score for the individual on the assertive behavior scale is (60) and the lowest expected score is (30) with a hypothetical average (45). The data was processed by the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) and the statistical methods that were used in the research are (one-sample t-test, two independent samples t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha equation). The research also came out with a number of the recommends.
- The recommends:
1. Include curricula related to cognitive emotional regulation strategies.
2. University professors urge students to use cognitive emotional regulation strategies in their dealings with.
- The suggestions include conducting a study on the following:

-Cognitive emotional regulation strategies and its relationship to some variables such as (emotional efficiency, decision-making) of university students.

abstract
The current research aims to identify: the degree of emotional sensitivity among students of the College of Basic Education, the differences in the degree of emotional sensitivity according to the variables of the school stage (first, fourth), gender (male, female), the relationship of emotional sensitivity among students of the College of Basic Education with some variables, and used The researcher has a descriptive approach with correlations due to its suitability to the nature of the current research, and the sample of the current research included male and female students from the departments of the College of Basic Education. (spss26) to analyze the data and reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which are:
1- Students of the College of Basic Education at the University of Mosul have a high degree of emotional sensitivity.
2- There are statistically significant differences in the degree of emotional sensitivity according to the variable of the school stage (first - fourth) and in favor of the first stage.
3- There are no statistically significant differences in the degree of emotional sensitivity according to the gender variable (male-female).
4- There is a significant correlation between emotional sensitivity and the school stage variable.
5- There is no significant correlation between emotional sensitivity and the gender variable (male - female).

Abstract
The goal of the study is to find out how many female educational guides in preparatory schools have self-compassion and how much psychological resilience they have. It also wants to find out how self-compassion and psychological resilience are related. The sample for the research was made up of (50) educational counsellors. To achieve these goals, the researcher made a scale of self-compassion with (22) items and three possible answers for each. The study's sample The data was put through a statistical analysis, and the results showed that self-compassion and psychological resilience go together well. Based on the results, the researcher suggests that educational institutions and school administrations stress the importance of psychological resilience and compassion in the face of life pressures, trauma, and emotions. One of the ideas is to study the professors at the University of Mosul in the same way.

This study aims to identify the obstacles to school administration in Arab schools in the city of Jerusalem from the point of view of the principals and their deputies. It also aims to identify if there is a difference in the estimates of the members of the study sample about the degree of obstacles to school administration in the Arab schools in the city of Jerusalem from the point of view of the principals and their deputies depending on the variables. The study: job title, academic qualification, specialization, years of administrative experience. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the study followed the descriptive approach. The study population consisted of principals and deputies of Arab schools in the city of Jerusalem. A stratified random sample of (144) principals and deputies was selected, and used The study was a questionnaire about the obstacles to school administration, which consisted of (54) items distributed over eight areas. Its validity and reliability were verified. The study reached the following results: The obstacles to school administration in Arab schools in the city of Jerusalem, from the point of view of the principals and their deputies, came to a moderate degree. The results indicated that there were no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α ≥ 0.05) between the average degrees of school administration obstacles in Arab schools in the city of Jerusalem from the point of view of principals and their deputies due to the variables of job title, academic qualification, and specialization, while they indicated the presence of significant differences. Statistical significance at the significance level (α≥0.05) in the average degree of school administration obstacles in Arab schools in the city of Jerusalem from the point of view of principals and their deputies is due to the variable years of administrative experience, where the differences were between (less than 6 years) and (more than 10 years) In favor of (under 6 years)

This study aimed to identify the reality of organizational justice in Palestinian public schools in Jerusalem governorate from the point of view of teachers and school principals. Its community consisted of 1056 teachers, 55 principals. It used the descriptive method, and the questionnaire as its tool. The study results are, the arithmetic average of the study’s sample on organizational justice scale came with medium average rating. There are no statistically significant differences at the significance level (α<.05) on the organizational justice scale and its domains, except for the domain of distribution justice are attributed to the variables of sex and educational qualification, and the differences came to the gender variable in the field of administrative distribution fairness, as the differences came in favor of males. There are statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α<.05) on the organizational justice scale and its domains in public schools in Jerusalem governorate from the point of view of teachers and school principals, attributed to the job title variable, as the differences came in favor of a school principal. There are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α<.05) on organizational justice scale and its fields in public schools in Jerusalem governorate from the point of view of teachers and school principals due to the variables: (specialization, number of years of job experience). The researcher recommended the decision makers in the Palestinian Ministry of Education to reevaluate the systems of rewards, incentives and periodic bonuses.

The two princes، Bajkam al-Makani and Ibn Shirzad al-Khaqani، are among the military commanders who assumed the position of commander of the princes during the period of the Abbasid Caliph al-Radhi Billah in the year (322-329 AH / 933-941 AD) and al-Mustakfi Billah (333-334 AH / 944-945 AD) in Baghdad. They entered the service of The Abbasids، who emerged through the administrative، political and military actions that they carried out during their service، faced great challenges، whether from Muhammad Ibn al-Ra’iq، and from Abu Abdullah al-Baridi، the governor of Basra during the period of Bajkam’s reign، and from the Buyids in Iran during the reign of Ibn Shirzad، to keep them out of control over verdict..

The research reviews the most important foreign political situations of the Ottoman Empire during the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid I, as the Ottoman Empire faced during his reign a lot of political events, which were represented in a series of wars fought against the major European countries, led by the Russian-Ottoman war and its signing of the Kocek Kinarji Treaty, as well as the entry of the state The Ottoman Empire was at war with Iran during the Zandids’ rule in Iran and their occupation of Baghdad, and the Ottoman Empire entered into another new war with Russia, which ended with its loss of Crimea in favor of Russia, in addition to these events, the research also discussed the issue of the Russian-Austrian wars and their alliance against it and the position of Sultan Abdul Hamid the first of them.
Hence, the pages of this research will focus on the most important external events of the Ottoman Empire during the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid I and the resulting repercussions that in turn affected the conditions of the Ottoman Empire in general after losing many of its parts in favor of these countries.

This research included a review of climatic elements and their relationship to livestock breeding in Kirkuk Governorate As this study dealt with two sections, the first topic dealt with the geographical distribution of livestock numbers in Kirkuk governorate, while the second topic dealt with climatic elements and their relationship to livestock breeding in the region.
The study found that the elements of climate (solar radiation, temperatures, wind and rain) have an effect on raising livestock in the region. The increase in the amount of solar radiation and temperatures during the summer months has a negative impact on animals, as it affects their physiological functions and then their production of meat and milk, as well. The effect of wind and its effectiveness increases with the beginning of recording high rates in temperatures and this appears during the summer months, the winds increase in intensity with the rise in temperatures, and that rain and its fluctuation in the recent period due to climatic changes and drought had a negative impact on the animals in the region.

تعد النمذجة المكانية احد الادوات المهمة في بيئة نظم المعلومات الجغرافية التي تستخدم لبيان العلاقات السببية بين المتغيرات المكانية لمختلف الظواهر، كما تعد احد وسائل الثورة المعلوماتية التي وفرت انظمة متطورة الخرائط وربط المعلومات بالمواقع الجغرافية الخاصة بها وايجاد خرائط جديدة وتحليل بيانات هذه الخرائط باساليب متعددة ومنها التطابق (overlay) للحصول على نتائج دقيقة. وتقوم الفكرة الاساسية على بناء قاعدة معلومات جغرافية (Geo database) تظم البيانات الخاصة بظاهرة منطقة الدراسة المتمثلة بالعوامل البيئية والمحاصيل الزراعية على هيئة طبقات بحيث ان كل طبقة تمثل موضوعاً محدداً، يكون الهدف منها اعداد خارطة النمذجة المكانية للأرض الزراعية من تطابق كل من خرائط (البنية الجيولوجية، الارتفاعات ، الانحدار، اتجاه الانحدار، التربة، القابلية الانتاجية للتربة) بعد دراسة وتحليل كل منها على حدى باستخدام Model Builder في برنامج ARC GIS 10.8.2 لمعرفة افضل الاماكن الملائمة للمحاصيل الزراعية في قضاء الحمدانية ومقارنتها مع المحاصيل المزروعة فعلاً للعام 2021. وقد اظهرت الدراسة ان المحاصيل الزراعية المزروعة في قضاء الحمدانية تقع ضمن المناطق الجيدة جداً والجيدة للزراعة، بينما تقل او تنعدم الزراعة في المناطق الغير صالحة للزرعة.

Vietnam was subjected to the French occupation in 1843 and the situation continued till the recent came under German control in June 1940, when Japan took an advantage of the conditions to occupy Vietnam. By the end of the Second World War 1939-1945 and the defeat of Japan militarily, the Vietnamese Communist Party initiated to control the capital Hanoi, led by Ho Chi It included Hồ Chí Minh and the assumption of power in Northern Vietnam from 1945 to 1969, followed by France's re-takeover of Vietnam and the outcome of the outbreak of a war that lasted around eight years 1946-1954 which ended by the signing of the Geneva Convention in 1954, which stipulated a temporary division of Vietnam that the referendum to be completed on the unity between the north and the south two years after the signing of the agreement.
In the meantime, the United States of America, which had feared the expansion of communist impact on the world, decided to help the government of South Vietnam, and as a result, American financial and military aid began to be poured into the Saigon government in South Vietnam, so as to prevent the u75nity which is between the north and the south, on the other side ,the Hanoi communist government in North Vietnam receives military support from the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China, aiming to resist the American presence from the northern border, besides, that situation continued until mid-January 1973 when US President Richard Nee announced Kasson Richard Nixon1969 - 1974 ceasing the air strikes and offensive operations against North Vietnam, and finally under pressure from the American public and the amazing victories of the forces of the National Liberation Front for South Vietnam, "Viet Cong". The USA was forced on January 27, 1973 to sign the peace agreement between the parties The four represented by the United States of America, the Government of South Vietnam, the Provisional Government of Vietnam represented by the National Liberation Front and the Viet Cong forces, as well as the Government of North Vietnam, according to which the American forces gradually withdrew from South Vietnam. in addition, on April 30, 1975, The northerners and their southern allies entered the capital, Saigon, and on July 2, 1976, the establishment of the United Socialist Republic of Vietnam with its capital Hanoi was announced.
Basically, the study aims to that the Vietnam War ended several decades ago, but it is still the subject of many discussions and controversy, and if the majority of those interested in studying American policy do not hesitate to say that the United States of America has lost the war, there is a minority confirming the opposite as well as there has been no real debate about the outcome of the war. From this viewpoint, the importance of the study came to research and dive in re-studying the history of the United States of America and the Vietnam War, which originally represented an episode of the Cold War 1945-1991 between the western and eastern camps, in addition to the foregoing. This study was prepared according to a new vision about that war from a perspective of a reassessment of what has been the most tragic adventure for the United States of America in its contemporary history.
According to the abovementioned, the structure of the research was divided into an introduction and two topics. The introduction addressed the topic: "Vietnam under the French invasion 1843 - 1954", however, the first topic was titled: "The Motives of the United States of America to occupy Vietnam", while the second topic was devoted to a study: "Resistance and ending the presence of the United States of America in Southern Vietnam. "

The need for regional organizations to resolve and settle conflicts in their regions has become an urgent necessity, especially after the Cold War, because the proximity of these organizations to the conflict zone makes them able to know the causes of these conflicts and ways to address them, and the Economic Community of West African States ECOWAS is one of these organizations that was established in 1975 as a regional organization working to achieve economic integration among the fifteen member states in West Africa, but it gradually transformed and under the pressure of political events into an organization responsible for finding solutions to armed conflicts and other political crises in its region, and accordingly this study attempts to evaluate the role of ECOWAS in managing Conflicts in West Africa by highlighting its role in Ivory Coast as a model .
The research was divided into an introduction, a conclusion and three axes: the first axis included: the emergence of ECOWAS, while the second axis dealt with: the causes of the conflict in Ivory Coast, and the third axis included: the role of ECOWAS in settling the conflict in Ivory Coast.

The research aims to shed light on the nature of the army in the late Abbasid eras , especially after the rise of the Buyids and the Seljuks and their conficating the powers of the Abbasid caliphs and subjecting the Caliphate under them. This led also to the internal strifes and revolts and the army’s preoccupation with suppressing them and their impact on military campaigns and protection of the borders of the Muslim state facing the traditional enemy Byzantium . As well as shedding light on the most important measures taken by the Caliphs in order to confront the increase and domination of foreign elements, especially with regard to the institution of the army .

Goltz Pasha is one of the prominent German officers who had a history of achievements and a role in reforming the military situation in Istanbul. Sultan Abdul Hamid II (1876-1909) sent a request to German Emperor William II (1859-1914) to reorganize the Ottoman army, Where the Sultan felt the need of the Ottoman army to reform, especially after he noticed the armies of European countries, Goltz Pasha accepted the Ottoman offer after studying and contemplating it a lot. In order to bring about changes in the curricula of the military schools in Istanbul, and to make great efforts in modernizing the Ottoman army, Goltze Pasha’s status with the Sultan increased after the reforms he made to the military schools in the Ottoman provinces, although he remained under surveillance, and took command of the Ottoman forces on the Iraq front. In 1915-1916 AD, and on the ninth of April 1916 AD, the commander of the forces of the Sixth Army, General Goltz Pasha, fell ill with typhoid disease, and after ten days he died.

Abstract:
1- The effect of using offensive exercises on the combined skill performance between the pre and post tests of young soccer players.
2- The effect of using offensive exercises on tactical thinking between the pre and post tests of young soccer players.
3- The differences between the experimental and control research groups for the post-test in the composite skill performance and tactical thinking of young soccer players.
The research was conducted on the youth players of Sheikhan Sports Club in football, who numbered (26) players, the age of (19) years, and the research sample consisted of (20) players representing (76%) of the main research sample, and the sample was divided into two experimental and control groups By following the method of random selection using lots and by (10) players per group.
Homogeneity was achieved for the two research groups in the variables (height, age, and mass), and equivalence was conducted in complex skill performance and tactical thinking.
Pre-tests were conducted in complex skill performance and tactical thinking, as the researcher designed and rationed offensive exercises and distributed them to experts and specialists and they were approved. 2022) and its completion on Wednesday corresponding to (7/27/2022), the post-tests were conducted following the same procedures that were adopted in the pre-test for both groups on Saturday and Sunday corresponding to (30-31/7/2022).
The researcher used the following statistical methods (percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, (T) for linked samples, (T) for unrelated samples, and coefficient of variation.

The research aims at revealing what follows
- Detecting the effect of exercises on some sporting characteristics and basic
-Identifying the differences between the experimental and control groups in some basic characteristics and skills in dimensional measurements.
The researcher used the experimental method to suit the nature of the research. The experiment was carried out on a sample of 22 football players in the age group 16-19 years. They were chosen according to the random method and divided randomly into two experimental and control groups with 8 players per group. (6) players were excluded, (4) players for the experience of the pilot and two players for being goalkeepers and included the research procedures design of a special training curriculum for the exercises complex to know the impact on some physical qualities basic skills of young players of the youth of the halls and conducted a number of exploratory experiments to The exercises were used as well as the repetitions and the appropriate rest times for these exercises. Then, the physical tests were carried out by the tribal technique. The training curriculum was implemented and the experiment lasted 8 weeks during two intermediate sessions with four small cycles and a 1: 3 movement. The researcher used the following statistical methods (Arithmetic mean-standard deviation-T choice for associated and non-associated samples of percentage)
After presenting the results, analyzing them and discussing them, the researcher reached the following results
- The training curriculum implemented by the experimental group has developed a remarkable development in all physical qualities and basic - The curriculum prepared by the trainer led to the development of some physical qualities basic skills. Skills by comparing the tribal and remote results.
- The experimental group that used the complex exercises developed better than the control group, which used the curriculum prepared by the trainer in the collection of physical qualities of the basic skills dealt with the research by comparing the results of tribal and remote tests between the experimental and control groups

The research aims to:
- Building a scale of future anxiety among students of the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences.
- Identifying the degree of future anxiety among students of the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences.
The second chapter dealt with the theoretical framework and previous studies that dealt with the research variables (the indicative program, future anxiety, fear, mathematical values) as well as the inclusion of a number of studies related to them .
The third chapter included the field procedures that the researcher followed in completing the thesis requirements, and the researcher used the (experimental) method for its suitability to the nature of the current research.
The research community included the students of the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, the fourth stage, in the College of Basic Education for the universities (Mosul, Al-Mustansiriya, Diyala) who numbered (245), while the sample amounted to (20) students from the research community, and the research tools included an anxiety scale. The future and all the psychometric facts, including (apparent honesty, construction honesty, and stability).
conclusions, including the following :
- The effectiveness of the future anxiety scale to measure the variable of the research sample among the students of the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences prepared by the research.
The students of the Department of Physical Education and Sports Science have a high level of future anxiety.- The necessity of proper psychological dealing with students in the faculties and departments of physical education and sports sciences and expressing creative ideas that would create a valid and good environment that reduces the anxiety that affects students about their future and increases the achievement of their goals because there is a clear correlation between the two qualities.

The current research aims to:
- Construction of speed-distinguished strength tests for the arms in the free-swimming activity for advanced swimmers in the central and northern regions of Iraq
- Setting standards and levels for strength tests characterized by speed for the arms in free swimming designed in the research
The research community included advanced swimmers in free swimming in some clubs in the governorates of Baghdad, Sulaymaniyah, Kirkuk, Erbil and Mosul (the central and northern regions) in Iraq
As for the research sample, they were chosen in a deliberate way to achieve the objectives of the research. They numbered (96) swimmers. They represented the two construction samples for tests and standards, as the proportion of the research sample was (61.14%) of the total research community
- A number of physical-skill tests in the water were reached for advanced swimmers in the central and northern regions of Iraq, which have good scientific foundations of honesty, stability, objectivity and an appropriate natural distribution, and the number is (2) tests, and these tests are
- Testing the speed-characterized force of the arms strikes from stability in the water
- Testing the speed-characterized force of the blows of the arms from the movement in the water
- Scores tables and standard levels of physical and skill tests in free swimming in the water for advanced swimmers have been reached
Most of the swimmers in the central and northern regions were at an acceptable, average and good standard in all physical-skill tests designed in the research

The aim of the research is to identify the impact of educational platforms on the assimilation of scouting education lectures, where the researcher used the descriptive survey method in line with the nature and problem of the research. The educational platform consisted of 10 paragraphs, and the second axis included the use of educational platforms with 14 paragraphs, and after verifying its validity and stability, appropriate statistical analyzes were conducted using the statistical bag (Spss.)
The study revealed the material and human capabilities to activate the educational platforms that these platforms helped in delivering the scouting education lectures to the students and the recommendations were:
1. The need to urge the student and the university professor to use the educational platforms skillfully to benefit from them as much as possible.
2. Work to strengthen the Internet networks within the university campus.
3. Communicating with scientific and research centers for e-learning to hold many workshops and seminars.

The research aims to identify the level of institutional excellence for central sports federations and excellent clubs in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq from the point of view of members of their administrative bodies, and to the differences in institutional excellence between central sports federations and excellent clubs in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.
The two researchers used the descriptive approach and the survey method, and the research sample was chosen by an intentional comprehensive inventory method, where the research sample included (201) members distributed to (91) members in central federations and (110) members in excellent clubs.
The questionnaire was adopted as a means of collecting data by preparing a measure of institutional excellence for central sports federations and excellent clubs, and after the availability of scientific conditions in it, it was applied and the data was processed statistically. The data was statistically processed using the mean percentage, standard deviation, Alpha coefficient, and t-test for two independent samples using the statistical program (spss) in analyzing the data. The researchers concluded the following:
1- The central sports federations in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq have medium levels of institutional excellence that correspond to most of its dimensions, with the exception of strategic planning, which was at a high level in these federations.
2- The excellent clubs in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq possess high levels of institutional excellence that correspond to the level of all its dimensions in these clubs.
3- There are significant differences in the institutional excellence between the central sports federations and the excellent clubs in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and in favor of the excellent clubs.

:The research aims to discover
-Differences in a number of physical, functional and physical measurements variables and lower back pain between sports practitioners and non-exercisers for the elderly In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher put the following hypothesis:
-There are differences in a number of physical, functional and physiometric variables and lower back pain between sports practitioners and non-exercisers for the elderly.
A community was selected in the research for the elderly practicing and non-practicing sports, and the research sample was chosen in a deliberate manner from the elderly practicing and practicing recreational sports for football and the elderly who did not practice sports. ) years and older (45) practicing sports (45) non-practicing sports, and (4) individuals were excluded from the research sample in order to conduct the exploratory study, and the researcher used the following statistical methods (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, test (T), percentage). The researcher reached the following conclusions
-There is a significant difference in measuring weight, abdominal circumference, and thigh circumference between the elderly who exercise and those who do not exercise, and in favor of the elderly who exercise.
-There is a significant difference in the functional variables between the elderly practicing and non-practicing sports and in favor of the elderly practicing sports except for diastolic blood pressure.
-There is a significant difference in the variables of physical characteristics between the elderly practicing and non-practicing sports and in favor of the elderly practicing sports except for the strength of the arms.
- There is a significant difference in lower back pain between the elderly who exercise and those who do not exercise, in favor of the elderly who exercise
The researcher recommended the following:
-The necessity of exercising in general for all age groups, especially the elderly, and not to stop exercising with age, because of its positive impact on public health
- Promoting sports activity and sports for all in sports events for professionals and amateurs, as well as school and university sports events.

The research aims to prepare an educational program according to the modeling strategy and to reveal its impact on the skillful achievement of some handball skills for the students of the third academic year of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Mosul. Where the researcher prepared and designed an educational program using the modeling strategy, and the sample of the experimental research was represented by third-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / University of Mosul for the academic year (2022-2023), and they numbered (36) students who were divided into an experimental group and another control group. The experimental group consisted of (18) students, which were taught according to the modeling strategy. As for the control group, it consisted of (18) students who were taught according to the traditional method used in teaching. After that, the research experiment was applied for a period of four weeks, at the rate of one unit per week for each group, after which the post-tests were conducted. The statistical system (SPSS) was used to process and analyze the data. The result was the superiority of the experimental group that was studied according to the modeling strategy over the control group in the skillful achievement of some skills in handball, and the researcher conducted equivalence between the two groups in the following variables (age, height, weight, and fitness components). According to the modeling strategy on the control group in the skillful achievement of some handball skills.

The pyridine base ionic liquid was produced. Using various Lewis acids made from transition metal chloride, a succession of complicated salts was created from it. The substances were identified using spectroscopic and physical techniques, including magnetic susceptibility, conductivity, elemental analysis, mass spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). Tests were conducted on [em-Py]I and its complex salts during the extractive desulfurization procedure (EDS). They are treated using a model fuel with a 2000 ppm sulfur content that was made by dissolving dibenzothiophene (DBT) in n-hexane. The GC-FID method was used to evaluate the ratio of sulfur removal. It was investigated whether it was possible to reuse the extractant more than once without regeneration and what the ideal (EDS) process conditions were. All compounds have good ability to desulfurization especially the complex salts, the ability of desulfurization increase by increasing the metal content in compounds such as Lewis acids or others.

في نمذجة الانحدار، فإن حدوث ارتباط قوي بين المتنبئين له عواقب سلبية على تقدير الانحدار. يمكن حل هذه المشكلة باستخدام مجموعة متنوعة من الأساليب المتحيزة. من النماذج الخطية المعممة، يعتبر نموذج الانحدار بيتا مجموعة فرعية. عندما يكون متغير الاستجابة قيد الدراسة هو النسبة المئوية، فإن نموذج الانحدار بيتا هو نموذج معروف في مجال البحث. باستخدام نظريات مختلفة، تم تطوير عدد من المقدرين المتحيزين للتغلب على العلاقة الخطية المتعددة في نماذج الانحدار بيتا في الأدبيات. هناك مراجعة للتقنيات المتحيزة الحديثة لنماذج الانحدار بيتا. يمكننا معرفة المزيد عن أداء هؤلاء المقدرين المتحيزين من خلال مقارنتهم

The statistical correlation between infection rate and laboratory parameters was studied over a period of 45 days in many Iraqi cities by applying the fuzzy linear regression model. In accordance with this issue, we investigated the association between these factors using a statistical technique based on correlation analysis and regression. We collected data from the Iraqi Ministry of Health and Environment and published in the Iraqi Al-Sabah newspaper. The data relative error (RE) was estimated, and then the results were represented by a scatter plot to illustrate the relationship between the two measures. In addition, the corresponding Pearson diagram (CC) is calculated.

Abstract
This study investigates the use of "text" and "image" in "humorous advertisements" taken from different internet websites .These texts have been analyzed from two perspectives : the semiotic and pragmatic perspectives. The semiotic perspective of analysis serves to find out how the image is designed to produce the humorous effect .As for the pragmatic perspective of analysis, word and image explicature, implicated premises and implicated conclusion work together to reach mutual understanding. Five advertisements have been chosen as the data of the present study. Proposed translations are presented according to the semiotic and pragmatic perspectives of analysis
The study arrives at the findings that when words are used to steer readers' attention to the image employed to direct them to a specific written message, the text-image interaction is pragmatic in nature, and the link between text and image is indexical (semiotic) in both cases. The translator preserves implicatures in his translation, letting the audience to deduce the underlying meaning of the amusing advertisment based on their existing experience and background knowledge.

Caricatures are depictions, whether written or visual, that emphasize or exaggerate particular traits or attributes of a person, thing, or circumstance. This research is concerned with analyzing caricatures pragmatically. This research aims to investigate the illocutionary and perlocutionary acts of some selected caricatures according to Searle’s (1979) and Leech (1983) classifications, as well as the types of implicatures used by the cartoonists and the Grice’s maxims violated by them. The researchers hypothesize: First, pragmatic aspects are important in interpreting and understanding caricatures. Second, the ideas included in the texts and images of the caricatures are interpreted and understood differently by different readers. The data used in this research are selected from different English newspapers, magazines and websites. Finally, researchers have concluded that pragmatics is very important for the interpretation of caricature art, and a single caricature may have different interpretations and different effects on the readers.

This study is an endeavor to investigate and explore the various pragmatic functions of endearment terms and expressions in Arabic. It tries to find out the different ways in which such expressions are used to perform different pragmatic functions and intentions. Such expressions are used extensively by Arab speakers. The misuse of such expressions may result in misunderstanding, embarrassment or even offence especially in the Arab-conservative community. The data of this study has been taken from Naguib Mahfouz’s Cairo Trilogy which includes: Palace Walk, Palace of Desire and Sugar Street. The model adopted in this study is an eclectic one. Hence, two major politeness theories are used in analyzing the data collected: First, Brown and Levinson’s (1989) concept of “positive politeness”, which is a strategy directed towards the positive face of the hearer, has mainly been adopted in the analysis of data. Second Leech’s (1983,2014) politeness view or Politeness Principle which comprises six politeness maxims for conversation has partly been taken into account in the analysis.
In this study, it has been found that terms of endearment are employed by Arab speakers in order to create a friendly atmosphere in conversation, show solidarity and intimacy. They are also used to claim common ground with others, show sympathy and minimize the face-threatening acts. In addition, other forms and expressions such as some terms of address (e.g. diminutives, and kinship terms) as well as two of Leech’s politeness maxims, “approbation and sympathy”, are employed in order to perform the social function of endearments.

Pragmatics is an outstanding breakthrough that language researchers are interested in. It is an approach first explored by west philosophers and soon gained currency in linguistics. It is concerned with language meaning in use. It has outspread all over the world because it deals with language meaning which is the essential concern of any linguistic activity.
The study aims at sorting out how Arabic researchers have proved the existence of western linguistic theories in the Arabic heritage and demonstrated the significance of the pragmatic approach in studying meaning in Arabic heritage.
The hypothesis of the study tries to answer whether Arab scholars are in need of modern linguistic theories; whether they have any achievements in modern linguistics; whether old Arab linguists formed linguistic theories and whether Arabic heritage contains the basics for modern theories.
The study is confined to investigating the pragmatic approaches in the heritage school of rhetoricians, grammarians and clergy men. Therefore, the research is a pure theoretical study. It just collects information to review knowledge on the topic. In other words, there is no practical section nor is there any model to be applied in the study.
The study concludes that modern Arab scholars have not cared enough for Arabic heritage which has the basics for contemporary theories; a project of translating the heritage books into other languages is indispensable to show the whole world that pragmatics is not completely a new trend, rather an old trend existing between the lines in the old Arabic books; Arab students of today rarely read in the old heritage books and the endeavor to prove the existence of the modern west linguistic theories in the heritage books made Arab researchers start to search in them.