Midad Al-Adab Refereed Journal

The research aims to reform people when they know their conditions on the Day of Resurrection, the Day of Presentation before Allah Almighty. People are many nations, divided into three sections. The first section - and they are the highest in status with Allah Almighty - are the forerunners, who compete in the deeds that bring them closer to Allah Almighty. The section that follows them are the people of the right, who take their book in their right hands. As for the other section, they are the people of the left, who have multiplied sins and transgressions and who take their book in their left hands. All of these sections were mentioned in Surat Al-Waqi'ah, and the aim of the research is to shed light on those conditions of people, so that people may learn a lesson and choose the path they want, and this is a type of reform.

This research is concerned with explaining what is published by those who claim to be Quranists, who do not value the Prophetic Sunnah and despise it, for flimsy excuses. The research defends the Sunnah with the Quran, whose verses urge adherence to it and acting in accordance with it, as it is the explanation of the Book of God Almighty. The research considered what those people are doing as an obstacle in the path of reform called for by the Holy Quran. Therefore, the research called them the Arikians.

The methods and means adopted by the Holy Quran in a number of Quranic verses and surahs are many, to include different types of means of Quranic reform for areas of life, which were mentioned in the pages of this research. Rather, the Holy Quran came with rhetorical methods, rhetorical calls, and legislative principles to determine the purpose of man’s existence in this life, and according to a divine approach that preserves his dignity, and protects him from all forms of deviation and perversion. The Quran confirmed since its revelation to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, that man cannot live in isolation from others in this life, as his creation was not in vain or for fun, but for a great and lofty purpose, which is to populate the earth, and build a believing society according to the standards and foundations required by the wisdom of the Almighty, as he is His vicegerent on earth. The Quran calls for reforming society in all its aspects, a comprehensive and complete reform, so that through that comprehensiveness the desired happiness is achieved, which leads to the happiness of the Muslim in this world, and attaining the pleasure of Allah Almighty in the hereafter. The Holy Quran considers social reform to be one of the The greatest real guarantees for the stability of all societies, and their continued existence as a stable life based on solid foundations, the strength of any society in this existence lies in the strength of social ties among its members, and even through the integrity of those ties and in accordance with the principle of true brotherhood, and the principle of affection and respect for the rights of others and not transgressing against them, so we find the folds of the Surahs and verses emphasizing that reformative importance in all areas, so that the children do not deviate and life for society does not deteriorate, and this will only be possible through reform, and also the Holy Quran provides everyone with keys to reform that are valid for all times and places, and the one who contemplates those keys finds that they take into account all the interests of good in reforming individuals and groups, so the effort was made to write this research and in accordance with this title, because social reform has a great role in elevation and advancement, and on all levels and fields in building the Muslim society.

The importance of economic reform lies in the importance of knowing the linguistic meaning of the meaning of reform first, and by knowing it we know how to deal with it according to the rules of economics, and according to the approach of the Holy Quran.

Reform is the opposite of corruption, and it is making something good, and its meanings also include restoration, guidance, establishment and benevolence, and this is what matches its technical meaning; which is returning to Islam, accompanied by a comprehensive and integrated approach, from which it is hoped to correct the course of life according to the mission of the caliphate of man on earth, with the aim of correcting what has been distorted in the practice of religious and worldly matters among Muslims and returning to the origin that has not been affected by additions and innovations and dealing with these innovations if necessary according to the Quran and Sunnah.

From here we set out to address the economic reality that the country is going through, by explaining the approach of the Holy Quran in economic reform, which came by correcting the concept of looking at money, which is the nerve of life, so it did not call for asceticism in it; On the contrary; it called for striving to earn it because it is the weapon of the believer, and it also called for preserving it and not wasting it, and this is what the longest verse in the Quran testified to, which is the verse of debt in Surat Al-Baqarah; But the Quran corrected the concept that money belongs to man by making him a trustee and not an owner of it, and that the real owner of money is Allah Almighty, and that the test and trial is in this concept and not in the money itself.

If man knows this, he will put money in the place that Allah Almighty wanted without extravagance or waste, and the Holy Quran forbade all kinds of sources of wicked earnings, and imposed severe punishments for acquiring money unlawfully, so we do not find a punishment more severe than the declaration of war from Allah Almighty for those who deal with usury in all its forms.

Accordingly, the Holy Quran clarified the sources of lawful earnings; which is work, and encouraged it, and set controls for it that prevent the exploitation of workers.

As for those who are unable to work and earn lawful earnings; the Quran has established for them a wonderful law in social solidarity, and created for them a zakat fund, charity, and other resources that guarantee their livelihood.
So salvation is by returning to the method of the Holy Quran, and praise be to Allah for the blessing of Islam...

Our research entitled (Verses of Giving in the Holy Quran: An Objective Study) is based on studying what is related to the concept of giving and explaining its meaning and types, in terms of the fact that absolute divine giving is unlimited and innumerable, and it differs from human giving because it is limited in comparison to the giving of God Almighty, but it is praised in all its types because it includes altruism and sacrifice for the sake of others, and the meanings of giving in the Quranic texts are many and varied according to their occurrence, and the areas covered by giving are multiple and serve the interest of man and have an effect on people’s souls, with their importance in raising the individual and society, and the best means by which we reach the love of giving is for a person to love for his brother what he loves for himself, and how much we need this day in which evil has spread, good has declined, and those who help him are few, to revive this great ritual, call for it, and urge it; Because of the great good and widespread benefit it brings, in establishing the matter of religion and strengthening the reformers, I found it necessary to study this subject through the Qur’anic texts, an objective study that serves our true Islamic religion and corrects the Muslim individual and society for what is good for the situation and outcome in this world and the hereafter, for giving is the good of the country and its people for the sake of this lofty goal.

The Holy Quran represents the source of Islamic sciences and divine laws, which organized the lives of individuals and society, ensuring the goodness of religion and the world for human beings.
The topic of the Holy Quran’s statement of the impact of social and distributive justice in reforming society is one of the most important topics that has received a great deal of attention, describing social justice as part of the concept of comprehensive justice. Social justice is linked to social values ​​that determine the formulas for performing life activities in any society, and social and distributive justice generates social balance at the level of the political, economic and social system, which in turn leads to the elimination of poverty and unemployment.
As for the method that was appropriate for such a study, it is the analytical inductive method, as it required that we read the texts related to social and distributive justice and their impact on society, then we mentioned the opinions of the interpreters on social justice and distributive justice.
As for the research plan, it included, after the introduction, two topics and a conclusion as follows:
The first topic: The Holy Quran’s statement of the impact of social justice
The second topic: The Holy Quran’s statement of the impact of distributive justice
After extensive study of the topic of the Holy Quran’s statement of the impact of social justice, we reached And the distribution in reforming society to established facts and among these facts
- Social justice contributes to eliminating poverty and unemployment and striving for employment, especially human resources, and spreading justice in the homelands through empowerment and division in equal opportunities and its impact in achieving that
- We also concluded that the justice of distribution in income, wealth and wages contributes to the availability of the sufficiency level and encourages saving and calls for investing money and not hoarding it

From the Quranic perspective, man's intellectual tendencies play a fundamental role in his development and perfection. Success and salvation depend on righteous deeds; and righteous deeds are only done by those who have the best thoughts and intentions. In this regard, there are important questions that we must answer from the Quranic perspective. Some of these questions are:
What is required regarding man's intellectual tendencies? How important are they? What are the factors that the Quran has defined to correct intellectual tendencies?
This research was conducted in a descriptive library. From the Quranic perspective, it results in: The most important element in man's intellectual tendencies is monotheism. Its importance is that man's eternal bliss depends on it.
The most important factors for the right direction for human thought can be considered knowledge of God Almighty, asceticism, taking care of the inputs of thought, and communicating with polite people, as well as remembrance and supplication with the Lord of the Worlds, Glory be to Him. Keywords: Thought, reform of thought, intellectual trends, sincerity, knowledge, intention

This research intends to investigate undergraduate EFL students' difficulty of using proper grammatical agreement. Learning English at the college level poses linguistic problems, many arise from misuse of grammatical agreement. Accordingly, it is hypothesized that undergraduate EFL students face problems in learning the grammatical agreement in English.
To achieve the aim of the study, a comprehensive test of both production and recognition level is given to the whole sample of the study, comprising (50) students at the college of education / English Department as the sample of the test in order to view their performance in learning agreement in English . The data of the test items are analyzed and measured scientifically using proper statistical formula.
The whole results reveal that undergraduate EFL learners face difficulties and commit errors in using agreement in English .According to the results arrived at, main conclusions as well as recommendations are drawn.

Thomas hardy (1840-1928) Thomas Hardy is considered by literary historians to be the most important late Victorian / early Edwardian poet. He has been misunderstood as a poet of unalleviated pessimism without any hope for manhood or any maintenance or happiness for human or soul. Wherever he turns, the critics say, he sees a bleak view, the shadow of disappointment or death, monotony complete isolation, and lack of love and charity. This dreary outlook could be, to some extent, appropriate to the works of Hardy, the novelist, yet a close study of his poetry shows the fact that Hardy's notions are, no doubt, unique. It is in the way that this study brings out Hardy's reliability, sympathy and poetic belief to the front.
Hardy's love for human sorrow and his dream of life make him in the actual sense a serious intellectual. Hardy cannot be called a ''complete pessimist" or a "weakling radical". It is the feeling of grief and depressed which one notices in some of his works which is removed by his intense remark of accurate thing in nature which is equivalent to celebration. This paper will tackle the idea of love and death in some of Hardy's poems like: 'The Darkling Thrush', 'Her Late Husband', 'Heredity', 'His Immortality', 'August Midnight', 'The History of an Hour', 'After a Journey', and etc.

As an American educator, academic literary critic, and professor emeritus of education and humanities at the University of Virginia, Eric Donald Hirsch Jr., (1928) distinguishes between meaning and significance in literary texts, particularly poems, proposing that readers should distinguish between the levels of meanings carried by the lines of any poem. The present paper sheds light on Hirsch’s critical efforts and achievements in this respect to help the students of English literature read, study and appreciate any literary text academically and critically rather than personally. This research paper also explicates the supposition that knowledge is relative and it has resulted in the intellectual sanction against dogmatic skepticism. Hirsch calls this “cognitive atheism” which is based on the idea that every reader sees the literary work from his own perspective. Thus, the meaning is stored in the author’s mind and is put in his literary work. What is behind the text/object is the reader’s vital concern. His task is based on the given literary approaches as tools of analysis. On this basis, Hirsch rejects the personal bases of appreciating the literary text. He tackles it in his notable book entitled The Aims of Interpretation (1976). The prominence of Hirsch lies in his remarkable efforts in the coinage of concepts and principles which have been considered as instrumental in shaping the literary theory. At last, this paper is an attempt to apply Hirsch’s views and techniques to analyze two poems: William Wordsworth’s “The Solitary Reaper” (1807) and Philip Larkin’s “At Grass” (1950). Selecting such poems is not only due to their significance in English literature, in general, but also in the curriculum of departments of English literature to the third-year and fourth-year students respectively, in particular.

An increasing interest in the area of cognitive semantics has exposed studies which examine how brain works. An image schema is allowing for as a dynamic pattern of our perceptual interface and motor programs that shows consistency and structure to our experience. This mental possessions plays a great role in enabling the members of community to be active / inactive speakers / hearers participants in everyday life situations. The study hypothesizes that image schema can fundamentally and deeply contribute to the understanding / intellectual capacity of the text.
The method of this study is to throw glow on how schema constructed and processed in the brain and how it creates our understanding for the world. A practical part is incorporated in this study to analyze selected Surat Q ( ق ) from the holly Quran to explain how it works. The reason why this study employs Surat ( ق ).
The study includes two chapters that precedes by an introduction . Chapter one refers to theoretical background of image schema. It makes an analysis numbers of definitions ,forms and types. How the schema is structured, created and then worked. Chapter two shows ( types ) of image schema. At the end of the study, we analysis ( Surat Q سورة ٌق ) the concept of hell ( جهنم) in this verses.

Change is the law of nature. A Trend is the general tendency towards change.
Karen Lamb
Change comes in many forms in our lives. It either comes forcefully like a tidal wave or creeps along gradually like a glacier. It might come in the form of devastating tragedy, difficult choices, or even give new opportunities. A Trend is a general tendency to change. And with the modernity and technology that affects our lives, it became important to add new trends in the field of education to develop the education system and to suit the modern way of thinking. By doing so, for sure it will have an entire change to the traditional system of education. The traditional system of education is still effective but not like the recent trends that can add a vital role to the educational system in general and to the learners of English language specifically. This paper presents the most important trends in the ELT (English Language Teaching), and presents how the e- learning is included as a tool in the English language learning. With technology and web, this new trend makes learning faster and easier. The paper presents the learning tools through using the web and how the teachers can make use of them to make the educational environment more entertaining. Yet the innovative tends are not based on e – learning and technology only, the paper presented new trends that a teacher can use without using technology in the class. Whether using high-tech learning or not, the teacher is always the dynamo and the powerful guide for his students.

It is known that when we speak literally, we mean the meanings our words carry, i.e., descriptive meaning and denotation. But when we speak non-literally we mean something different from what our words mean, i.e., expressive meaning and connotation.
Denotation is considered to be the primary meaning of a word, e.g., the denotation of the lexical item fire is ‘a rapid chemical changes of the material that releases heat and light and is accompanied by flame’. On the other hand, connotation is the secondary meaning of a word, e.g. , the connotations of fire are ‘intensity of feeling, enthusiasm and brilliance’.
English words are interesting to be learned, but complicated to be studied semantically. This study attempts to investigate and analyse the denotative and connotative meanings of words, in Ahmed's Mutar poem “Donkeys’ Time.”

John Steinbeck is a famous American novelist who wins a Nobel Prize of Literature for The Grapes of Wrath, that deals with the suffering of migrant workers during the Great Depression. Similarly, Of Mice and Men reveals the same theme and suffering of Californian migrants who are victimized by economic, social and political circumstances. California functions as a setting for many of his works including Of Mice and Men as well as its people. This novella exposes many colorful and conflicting subjects that need investigation like the dilemma of the poor California migrants, who, despite their suffering, they triumph spiritually.
This study is divided into two sections and a conclusion. Section one is introductory; it gives a general introduction for the novella as well as a general background for California. Moreover, it gives a life account of John Steinbeck as well as his major works. Section two deals with the immigrants traumatic state resulted from the Great Depression and the collapse of the American dream. The last part of the study is the conclusion that sums up the results.

Lawrence in his novel Women in Love explores the connection between nihilism and modernity. Nihilism is the philosophical view that the modern world has completely severed itself from the once meaningful spheres of religious, moral, and political life. For nihilists, there can be no meaningful existence in the wreckage of modernity. Lawrence’s novel does not suggest that nihilism is an ideal position. Rather, the character of Rupert Birkin represents an understanding of nihilism that strives against its aftermath. All aspects of Birkin’s character show that Lawrence’s novel rejects the nihilist position in favor of attempting to transform the very terms of value that define human life in the modern age.
Women in Love is interpreted as a novel of relationships between man and woman, man and nature, and mind and body. D. H. Lawrence’s point of view on these relationships finds its best expression through the perspective of psychology and symbolism. It also suggests regenerating natural and inexorable relationships between man and woman, and man and nature to explore the mystery of life.
Lawrence strongly believed in the power of nature and criticized industrialization which puts him into opposition with other representatives of literary Modernism. For them nature was not substantial or real as they perceived it as something unfinished: it is waiting for humans to make something out of it. Thus, nature has a potential to be worked upon, to be improved, and to be re-arranged in the interests of the society.

It is a truism that politeness is a universal phenomenon. However, it is manifested and realized differently in various languages. Respecting others or showing care and concern is reflected in languages use. This correlates with cultural variations and other contextual factors. This study investigates some polite expressions that are used in Arabic and English daily communicative contexts to find out differences and similarities between both languages, in this regard. These expressions share the same functions in both languages. The Arabic data are collected from naturally occurring real life interactions while the English ones are quoted from some English movies as they are expected to mimic real life interactions. Observations, selectivity and note- taking are utilized to collect the data. It is hypothesized that some differences exist between the two languages under scrutiny. The study concludes that both English and Arabic speakers adhere to politeness to defer to hearers, but directness and positive strategies are preferred in the Arabic data. It is hoped that this study is valuable to those interested in contrastive studies and translation.

The American Dream is an idealistic dream which urges everyone in America to succeed through the successful business. Several individuals, according to the American ideology, believe that the successfulness in life comes from pursuing the materialism. The American Dream is routinely predicted and dramatized to be experienced on the individual level with neglecting the relatedness between the individual and the society in the success or failure the American Dream. Thus, the objective of this paper is to examine the interaction between the individual or the family and the society in Miller's All My Sons. This study is conducted in the light of the concept of the American Dream as discussed in Messner and Rosenfeld's Crime and the American Dream (2012). They think that the success of the American Dream depends on the whole society; the individuals as well as families. This study concludes that a balance between the social obligations and the individual interests may lead to the success of The American Dream. It also concludes that the failure of Keller in fulfilling his dream in All My Sons lies in his belief that his duty to his own family is more important than his duty to his society and anything else in the whole world.

The contemporary world is witnessing a great revolution of scientific progress that has led to radical changes in methods of teaching. Most of teachers rely on classical ones while recalling information because they are not aware of the modern educational strategies in teaching. Therefore, the researcher sought to identify the effectiveness of using Seeding and Props Educational Strategies in the achievement of English grammar to the fifth preparatory students. Seeding strategy ideas are a kind of collective thinking that aim at multiple ideas through their diversity and originality. Ideas can be obtained if judgment is delayed, especially when students are faced with problems that are difficult to solve individually. The importance of the current research stems from the knowledge which is more effective to the student‟s achievement. The researcher selected the study sample of the 59 students in the fifth grade, divided into two sections. The first experimental group (30) studied using the strategy of brainstorming and the second experimental group (29) students who study using the educational props strategy, The two groups in some variables, which are believed to affect the results of the experiment, the research tool, the researcher in the preparation of the paragraphs of the achievement test using the content of the study of the grammar of the English language for the fifth grade literary and the paragraphs of the test (60) paragraph of the type of multiple choice. The results include the first experimental group of students, who are taught according to the Seeding strategy, surpassed the second experimental group of students who are taught according to the Educational Props strategy.

The present research aims at shedding light on the recent changes which take place in the use of the English language that have been caused by the impact of technology represented in the extensive exploit of the internet. Hence, the ever changing world of technology has aided a constant changing of the English language. Though there are some who argue that the impact of technology has 'dumbed down' the language, there are others who would claim that a language that does not evolve, is a dying language.
Technology, therefore, has a big role in changing the way people communicate. To be more specific, the way people speak today is almost the same way they spoke before the internet became what it is, albeit with an enriched vocabulary. However, what is largely different is the way people write today. That is the area where technology has had the biggest impact. So, this research is devoted to highlight those changes occurred in the written English and to show if these changes such as abbreviations, vocabulary, spelling and punctuation, and grammar used by native and foreign speakers, when communicating with each other through the various means of media, become common in formal English language. For example, email altered the structure of the letter as a communicative tool. In this respect, new conventions and new abbreviations such as IMO (in my opinion), FWIW (for what it's worth), IIRC (if I remember correctly) and FYI (for your information).

The modern critical studies of the American poet John Ashbery (1927-2017) have showed to be ambivalent to regard him as a later Romantic poet or a postmodern innovative, whose vital role is to accomplish the postmodern project. Many of his major poems comprise a kind of repertoire that determines an obvious dealing of Romantic subjects and implications dealt carefully by the poet. His later poems, however, are regarded with postmodern themes like the incomprehension of the American individual due to the unparalleled modifications and crises the society witnessed. The main purpose of this research is to analytically survey selected poems of Ashbery to determine whether he is Romantic or postmodern, accessing prompts from criticizers like Bloom, Miller and Longenbach. It is one of the successful conclusions that Ashbery observes to the Romantic spirit but for unromantic targets. Thus, he conveys confessional themes on one hand and tackles postmodern accurate themes related to the principal of the American society in which he lives and writes on the other.

Don Juan figure has appeared in different literary works. This playful figure first appears in Tirso de Molina’s play El Burlador de Sevilla or The Trickster of Sevilla (1630). This play is the earliest complete surviving play on the subject of Don Juan, and it is the source of all subsequent works devoted to Don Juan directly or indirectly. The different Don Juans provide multiple literary allusions with multiple audiences’ responses. The figure of Don Juan becomes over time a type, a theme, and a legend that can be adapted and employed in any way to write about any social or moral issue.
The Hungarian Ödön Von Horváth adapted Don Juan and wrote his play Don Juan Returns from the War (1936). Horváth presents a soldier (Don Juan) who does not believe in wars and looks forward to peace. The American playwright Paula Vogel depicted also this figure in her play Don Juan Comes Home from Iraq (2017). She presents Don Juan as a veteran who participates in the war in Iraq. This paper deals with the presentation of the figure of Don Juan in these two works. Both Horváth and Vogel discuss posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in veterans after coming back from the war.

Homophone is defined as words that have different meanings, different spellings but similar pronunciation. So, it exists in the language itself where there are many words that are similar in the way they are pronounced but different in meanings and spellings like rite/write, see/sea two/too etc.
Kurdish and English languages are interrelated to each other because the Kurdish language is related to the Indo-Iranian family and the English belongs to the Germanic family and both families are members of Indo-European family.
The present study is about investigating the phenomenon of homophone between two languages: the English language and the Kurdish Language.
To verify that the phenomenon of homophone exists between English and Kurdish, the researcher found out 20 English words has the typical pronunciations of 20 Kurdish ones. Afterward, all the words chosen from both languages were analyzed.
Although the alphabets between the languages concerned are different, the phenomenon of homophone between the said languages exists.

This study presents an available choice of Theme system within Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG). The study discusses the notion of multiple Theme and its elements order in English and their realizations in Arabic. This research also tackles the difficulties the translators pass through when translating such starting point of the message.
This paper aims at investigating the three kinds of Themes that constitute the English multiple Theme in specific sequence and the realization of such choice in Theme system in Arabic. It shows obstacles that come across the translator’s way through translating such llinguistic phenomenon within a systemic functional environment. It also assesses the translation of MA students and taking into account the word order and the possible starting point of the clause in English and Arabic.
In this study, it is hypothesized that the translators hardly encounter difficulties in translating topical, interpersonal and textual Themes from English into Arabic. It also hypothesizes that the difficulty lies in the sequential line of the three elements by fronting, delaying the thematic elements or even adding further particles. The translators hypothetically adopt both PSC and SPC word order.
English texts taken from books of SFG and a novel are given to M.A. students of Translation Department/College of Arts/University of Mosul. For analyzing theses texts, Halliday’s model as appeared in (1994), (2004) and (2014) is adopted in English. As for Arabic model, Aziz and Abdul Raof (1998) are adopted. Newmark’s translational model is used to analyze the renderings into Arabic.

This study investigates the impact of shadowing technique on the students' performance in simultaneous interpreting. It focuses on the importance of such technique in teaching such type or interpreting that requires a high degree of accuracy in rendering the source message. Simultaneous Interpreting (SI) students face difficulties while they interpret, but following strategies and techniques they can overcome such difficulties. Applying this technique enhances students' performance positively as they manage the task. Twenty students from department of Translation / College of Arts / University of Tikrit (2018-2019) have been chosen randomly to assess their performance in Simultaneous interpreting. Two tests have been used in this study, the pre-test at the beginning of the course, while the post-test was applied after teaching them this technique. Each test lasts four weeks and the performance has been statistically analyzed by using the T-test program

Equivalence between ST and TT is one of the controversial subjects in the translation field. While some scholars argue that translating from one language to another with complete equivalence is unachievable, or an illusion (Snell-Hornby, 1995), others, such as Panou (2013) see it as a kind of sameness between ST and TT. Nida sees equivalence as the relation that holds between ST and TT that can help in conveying the intended meaning from one language to another (See Nida, 1982, Shuttleworth and Cowie, 1997). Interlingual transfer of meaning forms a problematic issue facing translators specifically in case of Arabic and English, as they belong to different families. In the process of translating from Arabic to English, the differences between these two languages make the mission of searching for complete equivalences unachievable. Instead, translators resort to the closest natural equivalent choice (Nida 1969) to achieve sameness between SL and TL. This article focuses on translation equivalence and the role stylistic devices might play in equivalence achievement in related religious texts translation. The aim of this study is to investigate the ideal ways of using translation strategies that may lead to reduce the degree of inequivalence between ST and TT for matching the most accurate translation. This article also will shed light on Nida's (1982) two types of equivalence: formal and dynamic in investigating the level of equivalence in the selected verses. The data is based on selected verses from Surat Maryam (chapter of Mary) in the Holy Quran and the translation of Muhammad Asad for these verses. The study’s findings establish that in religious related texts translation, translators are influenced by their approaches and the type of equivalence that they look forward and, which in turn, affect on the quality and accuracy of their works. Moreover, this article shows some ways of dealing with the translation techniques that lead to the most acceptable translation for religious texts.