journal of the college of basic education

The current research aims to identify self-disclosure among university students, and to identify electronic blackmail among university students, to identify the relationship between self-disclosure and electronic extortion among university students, and the researcher relied on a descriptive approach to study the correlations to find out the relationship between the research variables, self-disclosure and electronic extortion. It is one of the most used approaches in this field, and the research community consists of female students of Al-Mustansiriya University for morning and evening studies for the academic year (2020-2021) with a total number of (18453) students. 200) female students, distributed among the faculties of the university, and for the purpose of completing the procedures, the researcher adopted the scale (Dhiab, 2005) to measure the concept of self-disclosure, which consists of 60 items, and the researcher adopted the scale (Al-Samarrai, 2021) in defining the concept of electronic extortion based on the theory of space transmission of Jaishankar, The scale may consist of 20 situations and two alternatives, and after the statistical treatments represented by using the statistical bag (SPSS), the research reached the following results: the first goal is a decrease in self-disclosure among female students, and the second goal is a high level of electronic extortion among female students, and the third goal is a correlation relationship There is a direct correlation between self-disclosure and electronic blackmail, and accordingly the researcher presented a set of recommendations and proposals, the most important of which are: the necessity of conducting training courses and workshops by psychological counseling units in colleges on technical guidance to train students in general and female students in particular to use communication sites in a safe and useful way them and avoid them falling victim to electronic extortion.

The current research aimed at building a proposed model for preventive religious guidance in reducing electronic extortion and evaluating the program by identifying the opinions of educational counselors in it. The model of the program, including the t-test for two samples to extract the distinction of the paragraphs, the t-test for one sample, chi-square and other statistical methods.
The results of the research showed that the proposed preventive religious counseling program, according to the educational counselors, has an effectiveness and ability to reduce electronic extortion.
The researcher reached a set of recommendations and proposals.
The opening words: "Preventive religious counseling program, electronic extortion".

The research aims to identify
1- Electronic bullying among students of Al-Mustansiriya University, College of Basic Education.
2- Significance of differences in cyberbullying among students of Al-Mustansiriya University, College of Basic Education, at the level of significance (0.05), according to the gender variable (male-female).
3- The personal responsibility of the students of Al-Mustansiriya University, College of Basic Education.
4- Significance of differences in personal responsibility among students of Al-Mustansiriya University, College of Basic Education, at the level of significance (0.05), according to the gender variable (male-female).
5- The relationship between the variables of cyberbullying and personal responsibility among students of Al-Mustansiriya University, College of Education
The current research identifies students of Al-Mustansiriya University, College of Basic Education, morning studies, males and females, for the academic year 2022-2023, and to achieve this, a descriptive approach based on analysis and interpretation was used. From (6983) male and female students distributed according to departments, a sample representing the research community was selected. The number of (300) male and female students were chosen in a stratified random manner. The basic sample of the application was (300). Male and female students were chosen randomly. The electronic bullying scale prepared by Al-Attal et al. (2021) was adopted. The scale consisted of (30) items. The researcher also adopted the personal responsibility scale of (Moses 2008) and the scale consisted of (22) items. The results reached the following results: The research sample of the students of Al-Mustansiriya University, College of Basic Education, have a level of cyberbullying, and there are differences in cyberbullying according to the gender variable and in favor of males, and that the research sample enjoys personal responsibility. There are no statistically significant differences in the research sample according to the type variable in personal responsibility, and the result showed that the correlation coefficient between cyberbullying and personal responsibility is a high negative correlation value, and this means that the correlation between them is inverse, that is, the higher the degree of cyberbullying, the lower the personal responsibility with it . According to the results achieved, the researcher reached a set of recommendations and proposals.

The current research aimed to identify emotional deprivation among middle school students, and to identify Cyberblackmail among middle school students, and the correlation between emotional deprivation and Cyberblackmail among middle school students. The researchers adopted the Al-Saadi scale (2016) to measure emotional deprivation, consisting of (34) items. Al Samarrai scale (2021) was also adopted to measure Cyberblackmail consisting of (20) items after verifying the validity and reliability of the two scales. The size of the research sample was (200) female students who are present in preparatory schools in Baghdad Al-Karkh Education (first, second, and third), and the results showed the following The research sample did not have emotional deprivation. And that the students were not subjected to Cyberblackmail, and they determined their position positively towards the issue of Cyberblackmail. Emotional deprivation with Cyberblackmail is also associated with a positive relationship, that is, the lower the level of emotional deprivation for the individual, the less Cyberblackmail.

The research aims to identify: electronic bullying and psychological stress among middle school students, and is there a relationship between electronic bullying and psychological stress among middle school students? The research was limited to middle school students (sixth grade middle school) for the academic year 2020/2021 AD. The electronic bullying scale prepared by (Al-Dhahabi, 2017) was adopted, which consisted of (18) items. The researcher also adopted the psychological stress scale prepared by (Hamdan, 2012), which consisted of (30) items. To ensure the validity of the two scales, they were presented to a group of arbitrators and specialists, and this was achieved. Apparent honesty, as for stability, the value of the scale's stability is reached Electronic bullying (0.90) using the Alfakrobach coefficient, while the psychological stress scale reached (0.469) and when corrected by the Spearman-Brown equation it reached (0.64) and it is an acceptable indicator of the stability of the two scales. The results appeared. The more cyberbullying among the sample members, the more psychological pressure they had. In light of the research results, the researcher recommended a set of recommendations and suggestions

The aim of the research is to identify the obsessive thoughts of university students, and to identify the electronic blackmail they have, as well as to know the differences in the obsessive thoughts according to the gender variable (male / female), and to know the differences in electronic blackmail according to the gender variable as well, in addition to knowing the correlation between the obsessive thoughts And electronic extortion among university students , The research sample consisted of (100) male and female students from the College of Basic Education who were chosen randomly by (50) males (50) females from the scientific and humanities departments. 30) items for each scale, validity and reliability measures were verified for them, and the researchers used the statistical analysis program for human sciences (SPSS), and the research reached the following results:
1- There are no obsessive thoughts among university students because of their logical thinking and the degree of awareness and culture that they enjoy.
2- There were no indications of the existence of electronic extortion among university students, by virtue of disciplinary laws and instructions issued by the competent authorities.
3- There are no statistically significant differences in obsessive thoughts and electronic extortion according to the gender variable (male/female(.
4- There is a positive direct correlation between obsessive thoughts and electronic extortion among university students.
In the light of the research results, the researchers put together a set of recommendations and proposals.

The function of the theatrical show is completed in addition to its artistic role in the guiding aspect, educating the viewer or spectator of the show, and conveying a meaning, according to its intellectual and aesthetic nature. Functional influence is important and fundamental in theatrical works.
With the complexity of life and the many problems that accompany it and cause concern to people, especially the forms of extortion, electronic in particular, with the spread of technologies and means of communication, the ease of access to people's data and the penetration of their privacy, these electronic crimes constitute a source of inconvenience to those in charge of education because they have misguided effects and negatively reflected on education and academic achievement, and with the development of methods And modern teaching methods and the emergence of remedial teaching methods. Educational theater took a larger area of interest by educators, after which it was a live, direct means of influence and change.
The researcher adopted the descriptive approach, and the research community consisted of university students, and the researcher chose a sample of university students. The researcher prepared an open questionnaire and presented it to the professors to find out the reasons and areas of influence for theatrical performances in (electronic extortion) as a crime for which the law is held accountable and may cause serious effects on the target groups, especially university students And in the light of their opinions, the restricted questionnaire was prepared and presented to the students, and he reached results, most notably that theatrical performances have a positive contribution to the diagnosis and treatment of this crime, so the researcher recommends holding artistic competitions and encouraging students to prepare texts and theatrical performances that deal with such electronic crim.

The present study attempts to identify the future training needs of male and female teachers of students in special education classes from their points of view. The study designated to verify the significance of statistical differences in male and female teachers’ estimation for the training needs necessary for them in teaching students in special education classes according to the variables of gender (males - females), and the years of service.
Data analysis of this study focused on descriptive approach. A purposeful sampling was used consisting of (100) male and female teachers, dividing into (50) for male and (50) for female teachers, collecting a data from the General Directorates of Education of Baghdad Governorate, Rusafa First, Second, and Third, as they were chosen by stratified random sample. In order to seek the objectives of this study, the researcher built a measure of the future training needs of male and female teachers of the educational students’ classes. According to their points of view, it consists of six areas and (47) items. The five-point scale was adopted in this study.
The current study has provided valuable results. These are as the followings: 1) The field of planning and implementing of the educational process ranked in the first level with an average ability( 4,089), 2) the field of employing technology and educational methods in education ranked in the second level with an average of (3,974), 3) the field of behavior modification and change methods ranked in the third level with an average of (3,727), 4)the field of managing educational experiences in educational integration ranked in the fourth level with an average of (3,570), 5) the field of teaching methods and strategies ranked in the fourth level, 6) active learning ranked in the fifth level with an average of (3,385), 7) and the field of diagnosing and evaluating people with special needs ranked in the sixth level with an average of (3,278). In general, however, the present findings confirm that the needs were arranged in descending order, as the arithmetic averages ranged between (4,025) and (3,200), these reveal a difference of (0.825) between the highest and lowest arithmetic averages, and there were no statistically significant differences between the arithmetic averages of the sample members’ estimating on the tool due to the variables of both (gender and the years of service) of the male and female teachers of students in special educational classes.

The current research aims to know the level of successful intelligence among students in high-achieving schools, as well as knowing the level of successful intelligence according to the variables of gender (male-female) and academic grade (first, second, third) in the middle school.
A stratified random sample was selected that included (180) male and female students from schools for outstanding students using a stratified random method from schools affiliated with the Baghdad Al-Rusafa 3rd Education Directorate. The successful intelligence scale was constructed and applied by the researcher after following all scientific steps and procedures, which in its final form included (44) items. .
The results showed a generally weak level of successful intelligence among the sample of high-achieving schools, while the level of successful intelligence increased slightly in favor of males, and the level was also affected depending on the grade variable.
In light of the research results and conclusions, the researcher developed a set of recommendations and proposals.

Thoughts can be recognized as unrelated to sensory input or the task at hand have been defined in a number of ways, including the phenomena daydreaming. Indeed, recent evidence has linked daydreaming to creative performance. The current research aimed to identify (the level of daydreaming among students in special education classes). The researchers followed the descriptive approach in conducting their research, as it is the most appropriate approach for the current research. This study was designed to collect data from students at special education classes, (90) male and female students. In the Second Karkh Education Directorate for the current academic year 2023-2024, the current research sample consisted of (50) male and female students, (25) males and (25) females. This sample was chosen in a random stratified manner, and the measure of daydreaming was built based on a model. (Kilnger, 2000), which consists of (20) items. There are three alternatives in front of each item: (it applies to it a lot, it applies to it a little, and it does not apply to it), and their psychometric properties were verified for validity and reliability. To achieve the goal of the study, it was relied on a set of statistical methods, namely (percentage, the second test for one sample and two independent samples, and the Pearson equation And the Cronbachs Alpha).
After analyzing and discussing the research results, the present study concluded that the students in the special education classes resorted to the daydreaming, and that there were no statistically significant differences in the level of daydreaming among the students in both genders (males - females) at the special education classes. Research has found that the students in the special education classes have special positive thoughts about daydreams. They used daydreams to help them to solve personal problems.

The present article aims to determine how psychological weaning from parents is more necessary and important, especially for adolescences, as one of the dimensions of uniqueness for individual self-reliance. This article also draws attention to the difficulty and the importance of parents' role in enhancing individual self-reliance so that the adolescences can adapt to the world around them.
A study such as this, will reveal the importance of weaning appears in adolescence, as it is a transition phase from a child who depends entirely on others (adults) to an independent adult who is self-sufficient, and there is no doubt that this requires achieving a new consensus imposed by the necessities of distinguishing between the behavior of the child and the behavior of adults in the society. The process of transition from child to adult can be recognized as difficult. From a physical perspective, adolescence is a developmental period characterized by complex changes both mentally and physically and can be divided in two phases: early and late adolescence.
During the period of adolescence, the process of transition may be lengthened or shortened depending on the relationship of the adolescent with his/ her parents especially (his/ her mother), although all children, wherever they are undergoing the biological transformations that accompany this transformation, are not typical because their appearance is related in one way or another to the parenting relationship in childhood. So, the stage of adolescence is the stage of determining the identity of the individual. Adolescence is an important period in humans ‘life, when the opportunity for good health and the foundation for future patterns are established.
A number of researchers and psychologists have different points of view in this respect. For instance, Stanley Hall describes that psychological weaning is a phase of psychological crises, characterized by suffering, frustration, conflict, anxiety, and compatibility difficulties. The aims of this research are to identify the level of psychological weaning among university students. The significance of the differences in psychological weaning depending on the gender variable.


The research sample was chosen by a simple, equal-level random method of ( ) for the second and fourth stages of the college students. The researcher adopted the Kazem scale (2014) and it consists of (34) items and the alternatives are (apply to me a lot and are given (4) degrees, and they apply to me sometimes (3) scores are given, and they apply to me slightly and give (2) two grades, which do not apply to me at all and are given (1) degree in a row. The psychometric characteristics of the scale were extracted. The results showed that university students have a low level of psychological weaning, and there were no significant differences between male and female students at the university relate to the psychological weaning process. A statistical data according to the gender variable was collected. In light of this, many recommendations and proposals have been made as a result of this study.

The main purpose of this study is to examine the effect of a training program to reduce distraction and hyperactivity in the primary school stage. According to this study, two hypotheses were developed, the first deals with the variable of attention distraction, and the second hypothesis deals with the variable of hyperactivity for both the experimental and control groups. The research sample consisted of (73) students. Students were divided into two groups; one is an experimental and the other is a control group.
A scale was prepared to measure hyperactivity and a scale to measure distraction among students, in addition, a training program was built to be applied by teachers in the school that includes the experimental group. The validity and stability of the scale and the validity of the program were verified by presenting them to experts specialized in educational psychology, The results showed that there was a significant effect of the program on reducing the distraction and hyperactivity in the primary school stage. This study provided a number of recommendations and proposals needed for a positive effect of training program on reducing the distraction and hyperactivity in the primary school stage.

Punishment is a term used in operant conditioning to refer to any change that occurs after a behavior that reduces the likelihood that that behavior would occur again in the future. This study used a descriptive research design to describe issue relating to punishments which is one of the methods used since time immemorial in an attempt to curb incorrect behavior. The diversity of punishment has led to its being made in two directions, either useful or harmful if it is not educational and applied in the correct manner, especially with a group that needs human treatment and care more than others, namely students in special classes. The study aimed at examining the effects of punishment on student’s primary schools. Therefore, the researcher adopted the title of this research. A sample of (65) students was selected from the private classes, consisting of (32) females and (33) males from the First Rusafa Directorate, and it was prepared to verify its validity and reliability. After extracting the results using the weighted mean and percentage weight. It was found that the most commonly used types of the punishment methods for the students were violence which characterized by humiliating the student, but few of them are educational. Consequently, some educational methods of punishment ranked lowest and were statistically unachieved.
The researcher presented several recommendations which seem seriously important in legislating the law to punish teachers who use violence towards the students. It has been recommended that there should be intensifying training courses for teachers on the most appropriate methods of educational punishment for students and methods of classroom control.

The current research aimed to identify the aspects of ingenuity among gifted children with learning difficulties from the point of view of their parents, to achieve the goal of the study, the descriptive approach was adopted, and a research tool was built consisting of a measure of the aspects of ingenuity among gifted children with learning difficulties in Iraq, and it was answered by Parents. The scale included (30) items distributed over three areas: (cognitive, social, and technological), with (10) items for each area. The research sample consisted of (112) gifted people with learning difficulties whose answers were obtained through their parents. The psychometric properties of the ambidexterity aspects scale were extracted, represented by validity, which was extracted in two ways, namely face validity and construct validity, and reliability, which was extracted in two ways: the re-test method and amounted to (0.91), and by the Vacronbach equation method and amounted to (0.87), and it was concluded that there are aspects of ambidexterity. Among gifted people with learning difficulties, and in light of the research results, the researcher concluded a set of suggestions and recommendations.

The current study aimed to identify the development of executive function among a sample of children on the autism spectrum across the ages (9-10-11) years, who are present in autism centers and institutes in Baghdad Governorate, and they number (75) boys and girls, distributed equally among the aforementioned age groups, with a ratio of (25). In a child, the researchers used to measure executive function the tool (Zelazo & Fry, 2003) called “The Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS) task,” which included (12) cards bearing drawings of different colors and shapes, adopting an interesting picture presentation method for children. Applying the tool (individually) to children on the autism spectrum, the study reached the following results Executive function is developed in children on the autism spectrum at the age of 11 year Executive function did not improve across ages and according to the gender variable for children on the autism spectrum except in the 11-year-old group and in favor of males There are statistically significant differences in the development of executive function among children on the autism spectrum at the age of (11) years, in favor of males In light of the results of the study, the researchers presented a set of recommendations and proposals

This study aimed to identify (organizational commitment according to Clayton’s theory among special education teachers), so the following research objectives were formulated: -
1-The level of organizational commitment according to Clayton’s theory among special education teachers in Baghdad Governorate schools on the Rusafa side (first, second, and third).
2-Identifying statistically significant differences in organizational commitment among special education teachers according to the gender variable (males – females).
The research community included all members of the teaching staff in primary schools in Baghdad Governorate, in addition to (Rusafa First, Second, and Third) for the academic year (2023-2024), who numbered (58) male and female teachers. The research sample was chosen by random stratified method and consisted of (40) A male and female teacher from the research community, and to achieve the research objectives, the researcher adopted (Clayton Organizational Commitment Scale), which consists of three domains the first domain, consisting of (7) items, the second domain, consisting of (7) items, the third domain, consisting of (7) items. paragraph), the researcher chose the items whose answers were appropriate for special education teachers and free from cultural factors, with the possibility of applying them, and taking into account the time allotted for applying the scale. The number of items reached (21), and after presenting it to the experts, all items of the scale were kept in light of The theoretical concept of organizational commitment.