Journal of University of Babylon

We have provided the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties of 1969. on the judicial settlement of the arbitration and the International Court of Justice , as a peaceful means to settle the dispute between the contradiction of treaties and international peremptory norms (Jus Cogens) in paragraph (a) of Article ( 66 ) of the Convention . And after that stipulated in Articles (53 ) and ( 64), the provisions relating to conflict of treaties with international peremptory norms, both those that arose before the conclusion of the treaty or the new ones that have emerged in the period subsequent to the conclusion it , and which is determined by the scope of the settlement . According to text paragraph above, the mandate of the International Court of Justice is compulsory in the settle of this conflict, and consensual when forwarded to international arbitration . But should the availability of several conditions the most important, that a dispute arises between two or more parties to the treaty in question, and that the relation of this conflict exclusively the application and interpretation of Articles ( 53 ) and ( 64 ) of the Convention , and the specific mechanism which is either a written request from one of the parties to the dispute to the Court of Justice international , or through a mutual agreement between them by referring to the Court of arbitration . The result , which ends the settlement is the rule that there is no conflict between the treaty and the international peremptory norms, and thus the survival of the treaty valid and enforceable , or report the existence of this conflict , which requires the imposition of the penalty legal stipulated in the Vienna Convention of 1969 which is absolute invalidity of the treaty entirely or partially by circumstances. This provision will arrange the effects provided for in Article (71) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties of 1969 .

Of follow -finding Grammarians tools grammatical - movements and buildings linguistic and functions - and standing on their quest to realize their assets in terms of the simplicity of installation, really understand the capacity of this mental activity enjoyed by Grammarians, And admire the diverse reasoning that reveals the imagination of my mind fertile, and an urgent desire to recognize Facts this section of the parts of speech, and perhaps the motive for this but it is a desire to supplement the image of linguistic research after the Astute their assets sections others: nouns and verbs, is no secret in this whole effect mental grammatical researcher never assets and branches, and simple and compound in all fields, especially the field grammar, as it gained the attention of subsequent opinions, recorded a grammatical tools wrote a lot of practical examples of this mindset.
But some of these opinions did not record a record right when quoted, it may be intolerance grammar or illusion effect in the transfer of these views, or perhaps have a grammatical one- two opinions in the matter, conveys his opinion one, and leave the other, or be the opinion Movable originally for me and one, are attributed a group of grammatical without discrimination, this has happened a lot in the opinions of some grammarians who belong to as kufi.
Reveals this search of something that by submitting a single issue: the simplicity and installation (إلاّ), and the fact that the opinion of Alfarra (207 AH) in that taken from the book (معاني القرآن), and a corresponding opinion that attributed to him, and that got a lot of grammarians ancient and contemporary in the illusion of reflect the fact that in the opinion of Alfarra.

It became clear to us through over the correlation cultural criticism in the conceptual structure of culture , which means public attention actively rights , among multiple times between the past , present and future , according to the fields of different Calceash and economics and history and religion.
The emergence of cultural criticism in the West was linked to some of the signs that paved and ready for its inception and his appearance in the arena cash , including cultural studies , which originated in the West after the First World War , which was linked to sciences such as sociology, history , philosophy, and Alanthreyologia , issues analysis, social and cultural development of peoples as well as religion and the political and social theories . Studies have headed towards the culture marginalized and neglected classes and took care of their own culture - popular culture - rather than attention to the dominant classes and the official literature . Studies have influenced cultural trends in the emergence of other Nkadidh also had an impact on the emergence of cultural criticism and develop concepts .
He grew up under the influence of cultural criticism a critical activity employs all the concepts that came in the schools cash past him Calceash and philosophy and the social, psychological, historical , textual and otherwise. Directed towards expanding circle he quit high end of the literary texts , the texts of high culture and popular literature and music and drama and propaganda speeches , political and otherwise. Entries and cultural exchange between different text , to linguistic , Anthreyologihossayash and historical , psychological and feminist and otherwise.

This study explores asyndeton as one of the figures of speech. Asyndeton is the statement of a several clauses, or phrases without the use of a conjunction between all or one of the parts. It can be used to convey concision and power and it serves to make the sentence more concise and unpredictable.
To explicate the linguistic phenomenon at hands, definitions and various effects of asyndeton are first introduced. Then, the study sets out to present forms of asyndeton and its types. The practical part includes illustrative texts extracted from Nathaniel Hawthorne' novel The Scarlet Letter. The findings of the study are summed up in the conclusion.

The current research studied the folk tale in the texts of Children’s Theatre. It contained three chapters.Thefirst chapter included the problem of research, its importance and the need for it.Theproblem of researchhas been identified in answering the question which the extent of success of the children’s drama writers in investment folk tale in everything covered from mysteries, memoirs, epics and educational and aesthetic values for the formation of the direction of the child intellectual, and pure aesthetic taste in his behavior patterns. It is also included the goalsof search to know the following:
1. Identify patterns of the folk tale that invested in the children's theater texts.
2. Know the criteria adopted in the folk tale that invested in children's theatertexts.
The limitsof research was restricted on the children's theater texts that invested folk tale by the writers of drama in Baghdad.
The second chapter dealt with the theoretical framework, which contained two sections, the first one intake folk tale and historical basis, while the second studied the educational impact of the folk tale. The theoretical framework concluded by indicators that could be benefit from it in the proceduresof research sample analysis.
The third chapter contains the research procedures, which included community, sample and toolsof the research, and then analyze the sampleof the research. Finally, the researchconcluded with some results and recommendations.

Characterized Islamic civilization features and techniques , especially mixed with reality humanitarian at the time, and later became documents directly bear the features of civilization public in addition to the arts of different, and became such documents impact when a lot of artist in particular in this case all those (quoted) Islamic arts one of phenomena was impact in European modern arts which has taken the dimensions of the large and effective movement of modern painting, in particular , because of their art aesthetic and intellectual impact in the art were renewed under the influence of the movement during the most prominent and well known features by which they can diagnose and study these effects in the structure and its impact in the arts works, and the needs for the research :-
1-Shedlight on the Arab Islamic civilization and philosophy technically .
2-To clarify the influence of Islamic Arab art in European art.
According to this research all interested in studying art in general , this is Islamic history art for enrichment of the library by the research aims to identify the implications of philosophy represented by the Arab Islamic art in European arts, so the research came in following points :
1- Islamic photographer art in epoch (41 H/ 661AC – 656 H / 1258 AC) , as part of this history is determined by spatial boundaries of the Islamic state at that time , also included in the search's limit , comments , reflection on the photography I
2- slamic ars in European photography arts , for Exam , (AQASSAA), meaning , pour the milk on the food ! or this! (AL- AQEESA), meaning , lots of Camels during the night , or other , Exam . (ALAQIS) is , the Spider Mail !
- First research section about the civilizations Islamic philosophy and its relationship with, the Europeans photography , and about the stage reached by the philosophical of the Legendary thought high- end peak especially Babylonians Mythology like, (singled , the Babylonians Creation , which discussed the origin of the Univerese ! And others like Astronomy , Geometry, and Numbers ! It was a series of intellectuals and artistic seeds that blossomed in the Greeks land , which was before, Socrates philosophy , which was semi – integrated , this is due to impact on ancient near east Doctrines idea before IONS, Dogma , who made (Thales) that the water was Universe origin were we note the concordance , between these Babylonain creations proposition , and (Hercules) who made the fire , and its core that was the Universe origin , and he was with famous saying :- The metastable river, and you don't enter one river twice ! Because water constantly shitting .
- The researcher found a set off effects that are useful for research and analysis procedures appointed namely :- A- some religious events as the ( Prophets rising ) , but was for non Arab Muslims painters, and this outlook to art photography made him a civilian in nature , seen as inferior arts, like (hereafter works)
- That Islamic art is a Korans reflection language , including spiritual meaning! In order not happen any distortion or metamorphosis of form and meaning.
The search procedure researcher , briefed on what was published at paintings society, related to research , The specific study with respevt Islamic art reflection in European arts, regard researcher's sample was classifies them according to Islamic art its reflection in European drawing which are based on researches classification, like , samples, four, Plates have been selected in order to achieve the research's goal when he reached in to the most important benefits and following results :-
1- The clear Islamic effluence appearance in European photography ,art such as the EU , Geometrics decoration , like Plants, clerical and compound figures.
2- Sophistication and diversification of calligraphy turns into, nice decorative themes.
3- Cocepts that have played an important role in aesthetics theory, when Arab philosophers were harmonic, constancy ,redundancy and diversity in color and content .
4- The Islamic art includes, various artifacts, the researcher found the main conclusions were that Islamic art began to be developed in early , Umayyad rule in the first attempt in the Islamic area.
The most important researcher suggestions :-
1- Calligraphy's Reflections and ornaments on EU, photographers.
2- Islamic arts reflection in the oriental list photography .
3- Umayyad art reflections on modern EU, photography .
Finally the research includes a list of major sources.

This research deals with (expression’s attributes in the contemporary Iraqi ceramic). It contains four chapters : The first chapter presents the research problem and its significance and purpose , which is to : identify expression’s attributes in the contemporary Iraqi ceramic. The research is limited to study the completed ceramic works in Iraq , which are offered in Iraq or in other countries within the time limited between (1990 to 2002).The second chapter includes the theoretical framework , which included , first : the environment and its impact on the expression’s attributes. Second, form and content , and their role in determining the expression’s attributes. Third , the expression’s attributes in the ceramic art. The third chapter sheds the light on the research procedures , which included identifying the research community and the selection of the research sample, which are (4 ) ceramic works , then the research tool and sample analysis . While the fourth chapter includes the results of the research and its findings , as well as recommendations and suggestions. Among the findings of the research, the researcher finds :
1 – Iraqi artists seek to expand the semantic openness in ceramic art and to achieve diversity in the expression’s attributes the in contemporary Iraqi ceramic through the diversity of shapes , structures and techniques of contemporary art .
2 - Adoption of engineering formats to achieve expressive features of art work while others assert the features of expressive forms of heritage and others confirm on the element of alienation and union between reality and symbol to achieve expressive attributes , especially in the contemporary Iraqi ceramic.
3 - Rely on expressive values of the color to achieve the expression’s attributes in the work of ceramic through the different colored processes resulting from the use of realistic colors according to their belonging to the nature or by an emphasis on harmony style or color contrast in the same work, or by the use of the golden dye specifically , especially to show the centers of sovereignty in the ceramic work .
The most important conclusions the researcher reaches to are:
1 - The natural environment , cultural and personal experience and imagination of the artist 's have a role in the emergence of the distinctive features in works of the entire potters .
2 - The diversity of shapes , structures and techniques of contemporary art have the impact in achieving diversity in the of expression’s attributes in contemporary Iraqi ceramic.The reaserch concludes with a list of sources and references .

The research aims to study the recruitment of debris stained-glass windows in the production of glass surface with the surface of the body suit and local potter clay where he was working on Babil province clay, the area of Abu Khstawi.
And the importance of research to rid the environment of Glass pollution debris for Environment and converted in the field of ceramics to improve the technical and aesthetic taste .
When burning models in temperature 950C was results high percentage of porosity to 20% because of the high percentage of organic material in the clay , and gave hardness ( 3, 3.5, 6) with a high temperature ( 950, 1000, 1050 ) respectively, to the wreckage of brown windows glass either the green colour was the degree of hardness ( 45.4 and less than 3) by high-temperature ( 950,1000, 1050) The hardness Blue windows glass was ( 45.5 6) with increasing temperature ( 950 1000 1050 ) , respectively.
The results of fusion have shown that the of green windows glass was it fusion weak comparison with other debris in temperature 1000.

Language tool to think about what is going on in Khater man of ideas , and a way to express what wanders in and conscience of the feelings and sensations , and is a means of communication and understanding between people, in the range of individuals, groups and peoples , a tool of learning and teaching , and otherwise might of the educational process to take place , and the literature of his poetry and prose psychological value , because the production is rich in literary passion and emotion , Fahibna that energy and enthusiasm for life and a motivation to work for the feet .
The problem of poor students in the studied literature and texts problem inherent to them in their studies long ago , bringing studied is Istasah students , and in spite of the beauty of literature and its impact on our lives , but that teaching did not work to the satisfaction of ambition in the definition of student masterpieces of Arabic literature and taste effects Valmtaatba Literature Teaching Arab noticed there decline significantly in the level of students, and this decline is due to a number of reasons including the method of teaching what were the modalities of teaching literature is unable to achieve the main objective of teaching it has become imperative for researchers to find solutions to fill this shortage , which loses the teaching of literary texts ability to achieve its goal , so it felt the researchers use the method proposed for the teaching of literature and texts on the mechanics according to stylistic perhaps working to achieve the desired goals of teaching literature and texts .
To achieve the goal of the research, chose the researchers randomly secondary Faiha for Boys , and the way random drawing chose Division (b ) to represent the experimental group which will examine the substance of literary texts according to the mechanics of stylistic , and the Division of (a) represent the control group , which is studying literary texts in the traditional way , reached the research sample ( 66 students) by (33) students in each group.
The researcher conducted parity between students of the two groups in the following variables : ( chronological age measured in months , scores of Arabic in the previous year , and the educational attainment of the parents) .
Researcher select subjects that will be examined during the duration of the experiment , and coined the behavioral targets for these subjects , were (88) target behaviorally.
Promising researcher plans teaching of subjects taught during the scheduled duration of the experiment and offer two plans Onmozcetin researcher on the elite group of experts and specialists to determine its validity and relevance .
One of the researchers studied two groups of research, during the period of the experiment , which lasted 9 weeks , and after the end of the experiment dish researcher achievement test to students of the two groups.
The researchers used the following statistical methods the researchers used a t- test , Pearson correlation coefficient , and chi-square means and Spearman Brown formula to deal with statistical data and analysis of the results after the researcher concluded:
Superiority of the experimental group students who have studied the material according to the literature and texts on the mechanics of stylistic control group students who have studied the material of literature and texts in the traditional way in the achievement test .
The researcher concluded to a set of recommendations including: the adoption of the mechanics of stylistic found success in teaching the subjects of literature and texts fifth grade literary , and researcher suggested inter proposals including: the need to promote Arabic language teachers to adopt the mechanics of stylistic in teaching and recommended the researcher to conduct a similar study to know the impact of the mechanics of stylistic achievement in the other branches of the Arabic language

The education factor of hope in scientific and technical development witnessed by the world in this day and age , it aims to nurture individual product armed with the knowledge , attitudes and skills that will pay him to contribute to serious and effective in serving the community in which he lives , and change the basic element of each progress and development witnessed by the community .
The aim of this study was to know the effect of the form in Fryer correct common mistakes with second grade students in the average chemical concepts by checking the hypothesis Search: -
- There is no statistically significant difference between the average you get students who have common errors and by studying the form Fryer and students who have common errors and studying normal method .
This research was limited to:-
1.Second grade students of average middle- Qura Girls' Schools of the morning province of Babylon ( Hilla ).
2 . First semester of the year 2010-2011.
3 . Chapters contained therein chemical concepts which produces the error with the students (chemistry among the Arabs , material, building material , chemical reaction , hydrogen and oxygen water).
The sample consisted row (42) female students from the second grade average and evenly distributed to the two groups were conducted parity variables in chronological age , and educational attainment of the parents, the overall rate of the previous school year were as follows : -
1 . The experimental group studied the educational model Fraao Frayer.
2 . The control group studied using the usual way .
Was built achievement test consists of (70) paragraph of the type of multiple choice and four alternatives were found ratified the selection and persistence way retail midterm using the Pearson correlation coefficient (person) reached (75%) and then corrected by the equation Sermly - Braden reached after the patch ( 0.86 ) reached results statistically using the second test (T-teat) for two independent samples and equal results showed the presence of a statistically significant difference between the average scores of the experimental group who studied the model according to Fryer education and the control group who had tuberculosis in the usual way to correct common mistakes .
In light of the results of this study, the researcher recommended worthwhile ways of teaching that helps to present the material so that lead to increased self-activity leading to increased education as a result of experience and practice and also help to address the technical problems such as shyness and introversion , which constitute an obstacle to the teachers in raising the level of education .
The researcher suggested that such studies on the stages and other study materials and variables Such as (critical thinking , creative thinking ) .

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