Journal of heritage samarra

When the people of Ahwaz are afflicted by the belief of fatalism
and authorization, and sedition is disseminated among them, they write
for Imam Al-Hadi (PBUH) to ask for help. He writes a detailed answer
about that obscurity. Before discussing the core of this obscurity, he gives
them an introduction about it to pave the way for the answer. According
to our knowledge, the oldest source of this message is the book entitled
(Tuhaf Al-Oqol), which is a reliable book by Imamate scholars. It is
praised book and described as: “it is a glorious book that no one wrote
like it”. It is written by Al-Hasan Bin Ali Bin Al-Hussein Bin Shua’aba,
who is a great trusted scholar that has not been criticized.
As for the verification of this message in respect to evidence, proofs
and evidences can be obtained to support the issuance by Imam Al-Hadi
(PBUH). As for the text, it is in harmony with the Holy Quran. The study
tackles three stages with details and analysis.

The holy shrines of Imams Ali Al-Hadi, Al-Hasan Al-ASkari, and Mohammed Al-Mahdi
(PBUT) are built in the 9th century in India by the queen Afaq who was a Muslim Queen to
express her love and loyalty to the the prophet’s household. The cost of construction was her
dowry, in addition to look after, maintenance and repairing those shrines. The queen was keen
on holding religious ceremonies during months of Muharram and Safar, as well as the births
and martyrdom of Al-Askari imams and the birth of Imam Al-Mahdi (PBUT). But the shrines
were not similar to the imams original shrines in Iraq. The reason might be the lack of pictures
dedigns that can be adopted in building. The construction could be based on the description of
some Indians who visited Samarra. But it does not mean that some details of those
structures like the basement (they call it Al-Ghar) should be ignored.
The idea is that the builders do not have pictures or design only, but they have a modest
knowledge Imams’ history. Despite the modest representation of the shrines, the spiritual,
political and revolutionary symbolism was great, especially when the British forces bombed the
military Al-Askari and Al-Mahdi shrines, which destroyed large parts of the shrine during the
Indian revolution (1857 - 1859), and then British soldiers plundered the precious contents of the
shrines, who did not destroy Hindu temples or plundering their contents.
The destruction and looting were the cause of unsystematic renovation operations, which
led to lose historical monuments that would have shown the architecture and heritage of that era
of Nawab of Awadh in India, as well as the loss of their historical and archaeological importance.

The study depends on the style of invocative of Imam Al-Hasan Al-ASkari’s
(PBUH) supplication since it has several images and different patterns. I have
attempted to identify and study them semantically grammatically, and to refer to the
nature of the vocative approach that combines grammatical connotation and stylistic
meaning.
The study is divided into a preface that introduces the definition of a vocative,
linguistically and terminologically, then subjunctive factor in vocative. Moreover,
the vocative tools in Imam Al-Hasan Al-ASkari (PBUH) are introduced. The study
is divided based on the goal of the study into the vocative of the proper noun, an
indefinite noun, genitive vocative, and semi genitive.
The paper is concluded with the important findings, and then lists of references
are added. I hope that my paper to be worthy to be read and accepted by the readers.
Praise be to Allah the Lord of all universe worlds, peace and blessings on his prophet
Mohammed and his pure household (PBUT).

Before discussing the topic, the researcher intends to give the readers a brief introduction about Mirza Mohammed Hussein Al- Na’iny’s biography from his birth in Na’in city and his travelings over Iranian cities until his arrival to the holy city of Samarra, then his last in Al-Najaf holy city near Imam Ali Bin Abi, Talib (PBUH). Then, the researcher sheds light on his teachers in Samarra holy hawza when it was under the leadership of its founder, Mr. Mohammed Hassan Al-Shirazi, “ Al-Mujadid Al-Shirazi” until Sheikh Mirza Mohammed Taqi Bin Muhib Al-Shirazi. The researcher discusses the Mirza Al-Na’iny’s mediation between Al-Saeed Al-Shirazi and Al-Saeed Jamaluddin Al-Afghani.

Samarra for Hayder Al-Hily is the source of his emotions and his poetic thoughts. He turns to write about Imam Al-Huja (PBUH) because he represents the the spirit that resurrects ideas and inspiration. The poet smells from Samarra the fragrance of prophethood represented by Al- Askari two imams and the master of time (PBUT). The place charges the poet with poetic energy, which motivates all these innovations in his poems especially that recalls Imam Al-Mahdi (PBUH) or laments the martyrdom of other imams of prophet’s household (PBUT).

The British records are important and original sources to study history, which are
written by political rulers or their assistants in all regions of Iraq. Therefore, the British
Annual Report of 1917 is important evidence to write about an important and critical
stage of Iraq’s contemporary history. The report shows important details that other
historical sources neglected about the occupied regions.
The report that was written by the Political Governor of Samarra, Captain Muri
addressed the general situation in the city. The report sheds light on the geographical
nature and its importance to the British occupation. Also, it discusses the occupation of
Samarra, its administration whether it is civilian or military one. Moreover, it shows the
most important actions taken after Turkish withdrawal from the city, in addition to the
tribes’ stand from British occupation especially those rejected the British occupation.
The report clarified Samarra’s economic situation, in respect to agriculture
specifically, and the most important measures that have been taken by the British
authorities to increase agricultural production in the area to secure food for its troops
in a time of food crisis that was about to lead to famine in the country. Also, the report
tackles the trade conditions in Samarra, which has been affected by the occupation, and
cutting off of trade roads.
The report did not neglect the religious affairs in this area taken into consideration
that Samarra is a holy place due to the existence of Ali Al- Hadi and A -Hasan Al-
Askari (PBUT) in addition to the existence of shitte clergies that makes it an attractive
centre for religious students.

Samarra, the archaeological city, is the location of a dominant Islamic
capital that ruled the Abbasid regions of the empire, which extended for
a century over Tunisia to Central Asia for a century. I is situated on the
two banks of Tigris, about 130 km north of Baghdad. The location length
from north-south is 41.5 km. The width ranges from 8 km to 4 km. It is a
witness of the architectural and artistic innovations that developed there
and extended to other countries of the Islamic world and beyond, in which
80% are still to be excavated.
The study focuses on very important topic related to the construction
of ribbed vault, their types, and components. Also, the study reveals for
the architectural development of ribbed vaults with reference to the most
important types that found on Islamic buildings in Samarra.

Samarra is considered as one of the oldest settlements in Iraq, which
is still inhibited in the present time. Settlement in Samarra started in the
sixth thousand B.C (5275 B.C) and kept populated to the present time, and
some other times, the news is lost during the third and second thousands
B.C. until its modern etsblishment in the 9th century 220 A.H/ 834 A.C.
Due to representation of Samarra as the immortal human heritage, in
addition to its religious status for Muslims in the present time, therefore; it
is necessary to dig deepinto its ancient history from the sixth thousand B.C
till the 7th century A.C, which is the period that precedes the Arab Islamic
conquest of Iraq.

Samarra is an ancient city in its ancient history and Islamic one, and is a holy
place where imams’ shrines (PBUT) are there. sacred city. It has Imams garages,
and it is known since the metallic Stone Age. The Archeological excavations
have proved its long history not only in terms of archeological remains found
in Tel Al-swan and other sites. But its named was inscriped in Assyrian texts
in the name of (URU Su-ur-mar-ra-a-te) elsewhere called (Smmurim) or (Suur-
ma-ta), which is very close to Samarra›s name. During Julian’s the apostate
campaign where killed in, it was called (Sumere), which is similar to Samarra›s
present name. Roman writers have no idea about Samarra because they were
familiar with the Euphrates way more than Tigiris. But Samarra became Emperor
Julian’s way of withdrawal, where he was killed in combat with the Sasanian
army. Therefore, Samarra entered the Roman books in addition to its ancient
Islamic history.