Al-Kunooze Scientific Journal

Scientists have shown significant interest in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNP) as carriers for drug delivery in recent years. This interest stems from their unique characteristics, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, cost-effectiveness, and appropriate production processes. The SLNP is an emulsion of lipids in water, with emphasis on the lipid being in a solid state at room and body temperature. The formula for preparing the SLNP is primarily composed of solid lipids and surfactants. Depending on the site and the behaviors of drug distribution in the solid particles, we can get three models. The distribution of drugs can occur within the lipid matrix, in the core of lipid particles, or on the particle shells. This review provided a basic introduction to SLNP. Additionally, this paper focused on the main preparation, characterization methods, and different applications of SLNP. This paper covers various preparation methods such as microemulsion, double emulsion, high-pressure homogenization, solvent emulsification evaporation, solvent emulsification diffusion method, supercritical fluid extraction, and solvent injection methods. The characterization methods are carried out by dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction. The applications of SLNP are generally topical, parenteral, pulmonary, oral, and ocular routes of administration.

Background: Maternal complications, including gestational diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disorders and delivery of a preterm or a growth restricted baby, are higher among women with overweight or obesity. Objective: To determine perinatal and maternal outcome in relation to maternal obesity and overweight among Sudanese women. Methods: It was a descriptive, cross-sectional and hospital-based study conducted in Bashier Teaching Hospital, Sudan from July 2021 to January 2022. Three hundred pregnant women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the study were enrolled in the study. Data was collected using a questionnaire which filled with women included in the study and after taking informed consent. Results: The mean of age was 31.31 ±2.88 among the overweight group and 29.03 ±3.83 among the obese group . The rate of preeclampsia was (38.5% vs. 12.9%), anemia (8.2% vs. 2.2%) , DVT (1.6% vs. 0.0%) , polyhydramnios (6.6% vs. 3.4%) and gestational diabetes (9.8% vs. 4.5%). These were significantly (p-value < 0.05) higher in obese cases as compared to overweight women. Significantly (p-value < 0.05) higher rates of IUFD (2.5% vs. 0.6%), low apgar score <7 (30. 3% vs. 11.8%) %), admission to NICU (26. 2% vs. 12.4%) was noted among obese group. Conclusion: The study concluded that overweight and obesity were associated with significant and higher maternal outcome such as development of gestational diabetes , hypertensive disorders, intraprtum and postpartum hemorrhage and other disorders.

This research included the preparation of films from (polymer-ferrite) compounds (FRCs). The ferrite was of the chemical composition (Ba1-x Srx Fe12 O19 ) of the (M-type) when (X = 0.0.6), as well as pure rubber and ferrite compounds, and the rubber was of the three types. (T484, CQR, EGI), the films were deposited on slldes of glass by casting method. The optical properties of these compounds were measured using the ultraviolet spectrum and within the wavelength range (300-800) nm. The absorbance (A), transmittance (T) and reflectivity were determined. (R) The absorption coefficient (α), optical energy gap (Eg), extinction coefficient (K), refractive index (n), real (Є´) and imaginary (Є´´) dielectric constants, and optical conductivity (σa.c ) were also estimated, knowing The value of the absorption coefficient (α) was identified. The nature of indirect electronic transfers was identified, and the energy gap values ranged between (1.79-3.83) eV. The largest value was for the pure Ferrite/T484 compound, indicating that these compounds have good insulating properties.

Background: Meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF), especially observed before term, is considered a sign of fetal jeopardy. Although many studies characterized this condition and associated it with delivery mode, data is lacking in our country, Sudan. So we organized for this study. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of meconium-stained amniotic fluid at term pregnancies who attended delivery at Bashair Teaching Hospital and the associated risk factors. To determine & discuss fetal and maternal outcomes in term pregnancies with meconium-stained amniotic fluid in Bashair Teaching Hospital. Methodology: This study is a descriptive, observational, cross-sectional and hospital-based study. It was conducted from May to October 2021, at Bashair Teaching Hospital. Out of 290 term deliveries during the study period, 73 patients were diagnosed with MSAF. Caretakers were interviewed through a detailed questionnaire. Data was processed using the SPSS program (Version. 26). Results: Meconium-stained amniotic fluid prevalence was 7.9%. The mean caretaker's age was 28.04 ± 5.1 years (range was 16-40 years). Parity one was in 34 (46.6%) and gestational age among caretakers was as follows: 28 (38.4%) were in GA 39 weeks, followed by 19 (26%) in GA 38 weeks. Cesarean section was done in 23 (31.5%). Maternal complications were reported in 2 (2.7%) of women, both suffering from bleeding. Regarding fetal outcome: The mean birth weight was 3.0 ± 0.46 ( 2- 4.2 kg). Apgar score was < 7 in 17 (22.6%) at 1 min, and 9 in (12%) at 5 mins. 13 (17.3%) of fetuses needed NICU admission, due to acute respiratory distress in 10 (76.9%), followed by apnea in 2 (7.7%). The death among neonates was 1 (1.4%). Conclusion: The prevalence of MSAF was 7.9% . The maternal complication rate was 2.7%, with no deaths. The neonatal NICU admission was 17.3%, and the death rate was 1.4%.

Fruit seeds are usually thrown out as waste during processing or after human consumption. Over the years, researchers have dedicated their effort to assess the food and nutritional values of many different fruit seeds. this review unravels the value of eight different fruit seeds “avocado, citrus, watermelon, pumpkin, Pomegranate, Grape, Apricot and Mango” with more details are discussed. The macronutrient components such as oil, protein, and carbohydrates vary due to varietal differences or geographical variations. Among the seed content discussed, the range of oil was from 1.8 to 49 % while the protein was from 6 to 40%. High-oil fruit seeds are potential new sources of oil, those with high protein content can be used for protein recovery. As some fruit seeds are edible and found to possess a host of phytonutrients, they can be harnessed for medicinal purposes. The utilization of fruit seeds could not only bring health and wealth but also help to minimize the waste disposal problem of agro-based industries.

The focus of the study is to highlight the role of training strategy in achieving competitive advantage.-case study Anayza faculties. The problem of the study is to identify the effectiveness of training strategy in achieving competitive advantage.A questionnaire was designed as a tool for data collection. The study aims to identify to what extent the training strategy implemented by Anayza faculties contributed to achieving a competitive advantage. The researcher used the descriptive analytical approach. A sample consisting of 45 more experienced persons was selected. The researcher came up with several important findings one of which is that: the implementation of training strategy plays an important role in the achievement of competitive advantage in academic institutions. One of the important recommendations is the necessity of practicing the modern trends in the field of management. Good performance is often based on a good training str

The research stems from the question of how can investment in financial technology in light of the digital economy contribute to sustainable economic development and support the work of banks in Iraq, this requires identifying the characteristics and general pillars upon which financial technology is based, and how it can contribute to providing the scientific and technological infrastructure Scientific and technological in Iraq for this technology to become a booster for the progress and growth of the work of banks to be a generator of growth and economic development and to have a prospective role to confront the future banking industry and face the development issues that Iraq needs to increase the banking sector’s contribution to the gross domestic product