Journal of University of Babylon

This work aims to provide processing on noised image based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO)
method using a formal analogy with physical systems. By postulating that the swarm motion behaves
similar to both classical and quantum particles, The proposed system have been established a direct
connection between separate fields of study,. Within this framework, it becomes quite can to employ
the recently introduced quantum PSO algorithm to denoised image. The physical theory of the
PSO(particle swarm optimization) is used to suggest some improvements in the algorithm itself. At the
end, we provide a panorama of applications demonstrating the power of the PSO, classical and
quantum, in handling difficult engineering problems. The goal of this work is to provide a general
multi-disciplinary view on various topics in image processing, with unified framework of the swarm
dynamics.At the end , the proposed PSO algorithm is used to optimize the best degree for de-noising.
Simulation results show that the excessive smoothness of proposed method of conventional methods
are used for image processing.

Abstract
The aim of this research is building algorithms of object motion simulation and tracking the
object (target) in sequence frames with different directions and according to physical equations or
mathematical functions with different initial conditions.Computer program has written in visual basic
language (version 6) depend on mathematical models to detect a motion of object in one–dimension
(1D) to calculate important variables in motion such as distance, displacement, velocity, speed and the
energy (kinetic and potential).

Conventional quantitative techniques of system analysis are unsuited for dealing w i t h humanistic
system “the fuzzy logic has been developed to provide soft information processing algorithms. And utilize
imprecise data. It allows variables to be partial membership of a particle set and uses generalization of
the conventional Boolean logical operator to manipulate this information. By allowing partial membership
of a set, it is possible the smooth transition from one rule to another as the input is varied smoothly,
which is a very desirable property in modeling and control applications. In contrast conventional expert
systems reason using hard, crisp rule that are unable to represent a smooth input – output
transformation.Fuzzy logic widely used in intelligent control reason about vague rules which
describe the relationship between imprecise, linguistic assessment of the system's input and output
states. These production rule are generally natural language representation of human's (or expert's)
Knowledge, and provide an easily understood knowledge representation scheme for explaining
information learnt by a computer.

In this research many different viruses that may cause gastroenteritis had been studied, including
Rotaviruses, Noroviruses, Adenoviruses, type 40 or 41, Sapoviruses, and Astroviruses. The main
symptoms of viral gastroenteritis are watery diarrhea and vomiting.
In this study we used Rapid chromatography immunoassay for the qualitative detection of Rotavirus
and Adenovirus in human feces specimens , enzyme sorbent immuno assay technique for detection
Norovirus. this study included 100 blood and feces specimens. (80) for infected patient that lies in (16)
specimens was acute infantile diarrhea with Norovirus infection and 11 specimens was Acute infantile
diarrhea with adenovirus infection , (20) specimens was Rotavirus, (33) specimens was Acute infantile
diarrhea without Norovirus, Adenovirus and Rotavirus infection and (20) specimens as a control group
. Distribution of Acute infantile diarrhea with Norovirus, Adenovirus , Rotavirus and control group
according to the type of feeding. In the breast feeding were 37.5%, 18.18%,35%,45.45%,50%
respectively but it were 62.5%, 81.82%,65%,54.55%, 50 % in Mixed feeding respectively. The statical
analysis was high significant P<0.05 in Mixed feeding in comparing with Breast feeding. The study
shows that the infant (7-12)month have high percentage of infected with virus . The level of non
specific immune response by using differential leukocytes counts [DLC] was studied also. The statical
analysis of percentage of Neutrophils, Lymphocytes and Monocytes was lower significant in Acute
infantile diarrhea with Norovirus, Adenovirus and Rotavirus and Acute infantile diarrhea in comparing
with control group. and high significant P<0.05 the average level of immunoglobulin G [IgG]of Acute
infantile diarrhea comparing with control group .

The present study was conducted to evaluate the changes occurring in children affected with
glucose 6-phosphate deghydrogenase deficiency(G6PD),this study included 60 children, patients and
healthy, 40, children affected with G6PD deficiency and 20 children were used as control group. Their
ages ranged between 1 year to 13 years and divided into four groups, first group 1- 3years, second
group > 3-5 years, third group > 5-10 years, and fourth group > 10-13 years.
The results of packed cell volume (PCV), RBCs count and hemoglobin concentration (Hb)
showed significant decrease (P<0.05) in all ages groups when comparison with control. Levels of total
serum bilirubin, and direct serum bilirubin, reticulocyte recorded significant increase (P<0.01) in all
age groups. The present study also showed significant decrease (P<0.01) in the levels of reduced
glutathione and catalase activity. The changes these changes which are above illustrated may be
attributed to high levels of RBCs destruction due to the oxidative stress

The aim of the present study is to investigate the ability of sesame seed oil as an adjuvant by
intramuscular injection of laboratory rabbits with 1ml of sesame oil conjugate with 1mg capsular
polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 2. The serum (systemic) and trachea (mucosal)
specific immunoglobulin titer of rabbits after 7 ,15 and 21 days was measured. The results
demonstrated that there was significant increase (p= 0.0499) in specific serum immunoglobulin titer of
rabbits (106.67) and in trachea of rabbits (46.66) post ٢١days from administration. Also the results
proved that there was significant increase (p= 0.0481) in specific serum immunoglobulin titer of
rabbits (213.333) post 21 days administration as compared to controls (106.76). The study
recommended that the sesame oil can act as an adjuvant through inducing high level of specific serum
immunoglobulin titer of rabbits.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the diabetes mellitus patients more prone to
planter warts.
Methodology: A purposive (non-probability) sample of (100) patients, from (15-60) years old, who
were selected the patients from Baghdad Teaching Hospital-Dermatology Consultation, has been
chosen. The study indicated that the mean of age was (38.6) year, and the majority of them were male,
marriage, who lived in urban area, have positive past history for diabetes mellitus, uncontrolled
diabetes mellitus. All the patients, diagnosis by laboratory test.
A descriptive study carried out from January 2011 to the end of August 2011.
A cording to the sample descriptive, form was constructed for the purpose of the study.
Data were analyzed through descriptive statistical approach (frequency and percentage) and, lycart
scale analysis that include, t-test, and stepwise multiple regression.

Abstract
The study showed that the caffeine salicylate is a good antimicrobial compare with the standard
Streptomycin antibiotic, and the cytotoxicity assay against the human red blood cells equal to the 100-200
ppm concentration of the caffeine salicylate . The B3LYP hybrid functional calculations appeared that the
salicylate changes the oxidation and reduction potentials of caffeine, also their active positions in structure.
The Binding energy decreases as the distance or the rotation angle between the caffeine salicylate increases.
The caffeine salicylate is not planer.

Anew and selective spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace amount of Mn(VΙΙ)
in aqueous sample is reported.The interaction in solution between Mn(VΙΙ) and 4-[4′-antipyriyl)azo]-3-
bromo phenol(APBP) was studied. In the presence of (APBP) – Mn(VΙΙ) forms an intense color.
Soluble complex that is stable and has a maximum absorption at(564)nm,εmax of(0.126x104)L.mol-
.cm-1 was studied. A linear correlation(0.3-5)μg/ml was found between absorbance at λmax and
concentration. The stability constant was found to be(0.114x106 )L.mol-1 . The relative standard
deviation, recovery and relative error values of method were found. The effect of diverse ions on the
determination of Mn(VΙΙ) to investigate the selectivity of method and masking agents effect on
absorbance were also studied.

In this paper , calculation of refractive index values at different temperatures of
(4-Methoxy - Benzylidene -4- Butyl -n- Aniline) (MBBA) , liquid crystal in nematic phase derived
from benzidine ( one of Schiff basses compounds ) were done , which has chemical structure .

The lightly aluminum and arsenic doped germanium films were prepared using thermal coevaporation
techniques to deposit p-n film junctions with (0.1wt%) concentration. The prepared films
were exposed to circumstance and natural radionuclide (Ra226) emitted alpha and (Sr90) emitted beta
particles after heat treatment with various dosages .The J-V characteristics refer to shifting in both
forward and reverse bias and lead to increase in resistivity, initial and final threshold voltages,
resistivity variation percentage, but damage percentages decreases after every stages of exposure. Also
the change of current per unit volume increase with environmental exposure and fluency.
Keywords: thin film, doping, semiconductors, environment, beta particle, alpha particle, thermal
evaporation p-n junction.

Image de-noising and restoration represent basic problems in image processing with many different
applications including engineering, reconstruction of missing data during their transmission and enhancement
..etc. this work is aimed at developing effective algorithm for denoising image using new strategy algorithm of
wavelet techniques ,by applying two dimensions wavelet transform using Daubechies wavelet over the image
and reordering all coefficient of 4 subimages in one row vector C (in each decomposition level) and
thresholded this vector where the threshold value equal to STD of vector C. The Proposed method is verified
for different data where applied for processing of various images ,different levels and different noises. The
analysis results have indicated that the performance of suggested method is a good thresholdding strategy
,where the constructed images are good quality and less distorted. The Matlab programming environment has
been used to realize the algorithms and to obtain the presented results

Image de-noising and restoration represent basic problems in image processing with many different
applications including engineering, reconstruction of missing data during their transmission and enhancement
..etc. this work is aimed at developing effective algorithm for denoising image using new strategy algorithm of
wavelet techniques ,by applying two dimensions wavelet transform using Daubechies wavelet over the image
and reordering all coefficient of 4 subimages in one row vector C (in each decomposition level) and
thresholded this vector where the threshold value equal to STD of vector C. The Proposed method is verified
for different data where applied for processing of various images ,different levels and different noises. The
analysis results have indicated that the performance of suggested method is a good thresholdding strategy
,where the constructed images are good quality and less distorted. The Matlab programming environment has
been used to realize the algorithms and to obtain the presented results

Ab initio restricted Hartree-Fock (RHF) method coupled with the large unit cell method (LUC) is used
to simulate 8 atoms GaAs nanocrystals. To determine the electronic structure and some physical properties
(total energy- the degeneracy of energy levels- the ionicity). The present work has been divided into two
parts core part and surface part where in core part we used eight GaAs nanocrystal atoms while we used
four sulfur atoms in the surface in one direction Z-axis. We reached that the best value to the lattice
constant to GaAs nanocrystal is 5.18 A and the surface is readused the energy gap.

Abstract
In this work, we investigate theoretically the effect of introducing many bridges in the donorbridges-
acceptor DBA system on the electron transport through the system. For this we using one the
electron model, for which the Hamiltonian of the system consists of a single-level for both Donor and
Accepter (i.e. Quantum dots) both coupled to a band bridge (wide band i.e. Quantum well band). The
time dependent Schrödinger equation give us the system equations of motion which able us to put a
formula for the occupation probabilities for donor and acceptor levels. We found that for one bridge the
donor and acceptor levels are broadened and the coupling between the donor and acceptor states
includes an imaginary part defined the interference effects as a result of the interactions of both donor
and acceptor states with the bridge states. However, increasing the number of bridges more than one
arise more additional important effects due to the interactions with the bridges, these are the quantum
shifts in the donor and acceptor level as well as decay factor in the coupling strength between donor
and acceptor states.Consequently, due to above findings, the amount of charge transport from donor to
the acceptor will be less by increasing the number of bridges.

This research includes the equation of point spread function (PSF) which has been derived for array of
obscured circular synthetic apertures; it studies the effect of changing the obscuration ratios (ε =0, 0.25, 0.5,
0.75 ), MathCAD programs were used to simulate the equation of the point spread function, we obtain from
the result increasing the intensity of secondary peaks and the best resolving power comparison with
resolving power for obscured individual circular aperture.