Pure Sciences International Journal of Kerbala

Background: Beta thalassemia major (β-T) is a prevalent genetic disorder worldwide that arises
from a lack of globin chains. Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) is a variant of the albumin protein that
is produced in response to oxidative stress. It serves as a blood biomarker for tissue damage and
myocardial ischemia. Cardiovascular disease is a widespread global health issue that results in
mortality. In order to effectively prevent disease progression and administer appropriate treatment, it is
crucial to diagnose the condition in its early stages by examining the extent of cardiac damage.
Objective: to quantify the levels of IMA in patients with β-thalassemia major (β-T) and compare them
to those of healthy individuals. Additionally, we aim to evaluate the correlation between IMA levels
and BNP.
Methods: Sixty participants were enrolled in this study in order to assess their serum IMA levels. 30
Beta-Thalassemia Major patients and 30 healthy individuals were included in this investigation, all of
whom showed no signs of heart disease. The ELISA method was employed to determine the levels of
serum IMA and BNP.
Results: Serum IMA and BNP increased in Beta-Thalassemia Major patients when compared with
control healthy subjects (P < 0.001). There was no correlation between serum IMA and BNP in the
patients’ group.

Ag2S semiconductor nanoparticles were prepared successfully using the chemical precipitation method. The XRD pattern shows that the Ag2S particles are crystalline with a monoclinic phase. "Debye-Scherrer" formula was used to calculate the crystal size and it was found to be 64.22 nm. According to FE-SEM images, all particles have a spherical shape. The band gap for Ag2S was estimated from the optical absorption curve and it was 3.89 eV.

This study was conducted on two types of bony fish that live in fresh water, (50) fishes were collected with five groups of different lengths.The study results in a sharp difference in the rate of ratio of red and white muscles based on the examined body area and the length group studied.The rates of red muscle ratios increased with the increment of the average of total length of fish as we headed towards the caudal area of the body, This is proven by the study of the correlation relationship, which ranged the value of the correlation coefficient (0.991,0.993), and the rates of total red muscle ratios in grass carp ranged between (12.34-20.18%), and in silver carp was between (14.43-22.18%), while the rates of total white muscle ratios in grass carp ranged between (87.31-79.60%), and in silver carp was between (85.50-77.49%), Thus, it is clear that the rates of white muscle ratios decrease with the increment of the average of total length of the fish as we head towards the caudal area of the body, This is proven by the study of the correlation relationship, which ranged the value of the correlation coefficient (-0.995, -0.988). Additionally, the statistical analysis of the results found out the differences recorded by calculating the total rates of the ratio of red and white muscles, as well as their rates within the studied body areas. There are significant differences (p<0.05) in grass and silver carp, grass and silver carp fish were considered among the steadfast fish, because they contain high rates of red muscles and they practice swimming in a slow, continuous and long way. The study involves a comparison about move active for studying fishes through measurement resparetary surface area, and measurement red and white muscles ratio. This study is the first of its kind locally.

This article provides a comprehensive review of how to combat land snail species, which are dangerous agricultural pests that threaten the agricultural sector and thus cause huge losses to the economy. The article explains all mechanical, chemical, biological, and even innovative methods, in addition to the development in methods and tools used and followed over time in combating snails. The article shows land snails as agricultural pests , the role of technology in control, the most important species that can be considered dangerous pests that threaten farmers and agriculture in general, and the effects of types of control on the environment and ecosystems. The article also points out the most important difficulties or obstacles facing those in charge of comprehensive control management in applying control.

The current study investigates ithe protective role of Spirulina platensis algae powder against oxidative stress caused by exposure to cadmium chloride in laboratory white rats Rattus norvegicus. The study was conducted from May (2023) to April (2024) at the University of Karbala / College of Education for Pure Sciences / Department of Biology. In this experiment (18) rats, Weighed (190-230g) with Age range of Fourteen weeks were divided systematically into three groups (6 for each). The first group was considered a negative control, where water and fodder were given freely. The second group (G2) was considered a positive control, treated withan aqueous solution of cadmium chloride at a dose of 1 mg/kg of body weight. The third group (G3) was considered a protective group, where Spirulina algae powder was given in does of 177 mg/kg. After three hours, it was given Cadmium chloride solution. At the end of the experimental period (30 days), the animals were anesthetized with chloroform in the closed method, then take blood from their heart and then stored until blood and biochemical parameter were performed.
The results of the current study showed that oral administration of cadmium chloride solution for 30 days to group (G2) led to a morale boost at the level (P < 0.05) in the liver enzymes level (ALP, ALT, (AST) as well as urea, creatinine, and blood electrolytes (K.Ca, Na). A decrease in the level (GSH), (CAT) and (SOD) was observed when compared to the (G1). As for the preventive role, the results showed that dosing the animals with Spirulina algae powder for a period of three hours before giving the animals the aqueous solution of cadmium chloride contributed to changing the aforementioned results by reducing the toxic effect of the cadmium chloride solution, as a significant decrease was observed at the level (P < 0.05) in the Liver enzymes level and kidney parameters when compared with (G2), and (G1). Antioxidant enzymes (GSH, SOD, CAT) increased in the above groups.

Cereals are an important source of nutrition for both people and their domestic animals. Whether in the field or in storage, these grains are sensitive to fungus infestation . Fusarium verticillioides is the most important one. The results of this study showed that this species was present in all grain samples obtained from diverse locations . By doubling the region of F. verticillioides, the study revealed the molecular diagnosis. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology was used. The results of the molecular analysis showed that this strain was diagnosed for the first time in Iraq, as the results of the comparison of the sequence of the nitrogenous bases of isolate No. 1 showed that it was 99% identical to the isolate registered in Australia under ID: KP132240.1, which belonged to the type F. verticillioides. The results of the alignment also showed that there was a discrepancy at position 390, as the nitrogenous base Guanine was recorded in the sequences of the isolate under study instead of the Adenine nitrogenous base (A\G) and this variation was of the type of Transition (equivalent substitution). Transmutation of the two laws is of the non-equivalent substitution type Transvertion, and that this type was registered under the accession number DI: OP056029.

The spaces of 2-normed and quasi 2-normed have been called to achieve the purpose of this article. Here, a novel mappings class is presented as non-expansive in quasi2-normed spaces. The properties of mappings class are elaborated in this study. The results of fixed point mappings are proved.

In this study, (20) adult male laboratory white rabbits (Lepus arcticus) were used, with an age ranging from eight months to one year. Their weights ranged between 1,500 to 1,600 kg .. It was divided into the first and second group . where the first group included the group injected subcutaneously with the \"alcoholic extract\" of Harmala plant seeds with a concentration 3 mg / kg , which included (10) rabbits. The second group was the control, which contained (10) rabbits. In this research, the levels of the AST and ALT enzymes were estimated, and the percentage of some blood proteins such as total protein, albumin, and globulin were measured. Through this study, it was found that:
1- There was a significant increase (P<0.05) in the levels of AST - ALT enzymes compared with the \"control group\" .
2- There was also a significant decrease ( P<0.05 ) in the average total protein level and the average albumin level compared with the \"control group\" .
3- No significant differences (P>0.05) were observed in the average globulin level compared with the \"control group\" .

Various applications of domination and recent work on different forms of domination in graphs have given rise to our interest in exploring in this paper new special type of graph domination. As most papers discussed domination focus more on setting the conditions for the dominant group to come up with a new concept of domination, this pape introduces the new parameter of domination in graph called even sum edge domination set (ESEDS). Many of properties of these numbers are being discussed. Furthermore, for the path and related to it as thorn, thorn path, and thorn rod path are presented. Also, the algorithm of even sum edge domination of path is introduced.

Background: This study aims to examine the role of hormones that are important for controlling female reproductive processes: the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Sex binding globulin (SBHG), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T) and free testosterone (FT) levels as a prognostic marker among polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients, and their relationship with obesity .
Design and Methods: This study included one hundred samples of Iraqi patients aged between (25 and 40) years. A healthy BMI level is around (20-24.9) kg/m2, and around (25-29.9) kg/m2 is overweight. Then, when BMI is more than (30kg / m2), the woman is considered fat. The groups are collected from the Obstetrician and Gynecologist” in Karbala Hospital from December 2023 to March 2024. BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), LH, FSH, TT, FT, and SHBG levels were evaluated in each subject.
Results: A significant increase in LH (P=0.0001), FSH levels (p=0.05), LH/FSH ratio (P=0.0001), TT (p=0.025), and FT (p=0.0001) in PCOS patients compared to the control group. However, the SHBG level (p=0.0001) in PCOS patients compared to the control group was significantly diminished.

The objective of this paper is to construct a new subclass of univalent analytic functions using integral operator inside an open unit disk U .The method for proving these theorems, which are utilized to derive new findings on this topic, relies on the Lemma 1.1 and Lemma 1.2 that are stated in this study. The new findings of coefficient bounds for new subclass were used to obtain the theorems of The Growth and distortion , Extreme points and Hadamared product of functions. The novelty of this work adds to the body of knowledge already available on the convolution of univalent analytic function and integral operator.

The optimal approximation of functional subsets within standard spaces facilitates data modeling and management of linear and nonlinear systems. In this paper, the best approximation in a real standard linear space X is described by the Kolmogorov theorem. In addition, the concepts of proximal set, smooth space, sun, sun point, and their relationship with the Kolmogorov condition are discussed. Finally, the effectiveness of using the best approximation in practical situations to achieve high accuracy in the computation of standard linear spaces is highlighted.