iklil for Humanity Studies

Based on our urgent desire to study jurisprudence in the beginning, and our focus on jurisprudential manuscripts in order to revive what was studied of them, and to see the jurisprudential material they contained, so we liked in this research to limit our consideration to the investigation of a part of this book, The Book of Divorce (The beginning of the book of divorce to the issue: metonyms In divorce) in the hope of us contributing to the enrichment of the Islamic library by bringing this manuscript to the light, and highlighting the scientific value of the book to appear. From a place of honor that a Muslim adopts from his Islamic heritage in a time of greatest need for his family for this heritage. him, in Islamic jurisprudence

Astrology and astronomy could be considered as a part of the science that gained much interest from the Middle Ages until the recent times. The Arabs were one of the past nations that could master this kind of scholarship. There were many Arab personalities who played a great role in the astrology as well as in Al- ʾIḫtyār the planets logy which basically deals with the positions and orbits of the planets and their relationships with moment of the human’s birth. So, this manuscript, our theme of study, is specialized in the planets logy. It searches in the time and place of the good and evil, and the critical periods, during which there must be precaution in case of starting some projects. In addition, it sheds lights on some of the optimistic times for initiating promising works. The codex also refers to the time that have a mixture of goodness and evil in accordance with signs of the zodiacs of the sun and moon. This can be achieved through either the four or the sixth signs of the zodiac of the sun in sky or the same monthly signs of the moon. Consequently, the success of the pre- planned schemes might be conjectured.

The manuscript is the nation’s memory, the interpretation of its present, and the anticipation of its future. It is also a clear indication of the position of culture in the societies that it cares for, and a sign of cultural and scientific mobility in the nation in successive periods of time.
The M'zab Valley - like many other regions of the Islamic world - is distinguished by its rich balance of manuscript treasures, as the total manuscripts of Wadi M'zab are estimated at more than 8,000 manuscripts, most of which are still locked up in the coffers of private and public libraries, and a sense of the importance of caring for the region’s intellectual heritage represented in its manuscripts, considerable efforts have been made. To serve him; By photographing it, styling it, and then indexing it; In order to facilitate the task of researchers and scholars of the region’s heritage and Algeria in general, with its geographical, religious and cultural dimensions.
Among the institutions concerned with cataloging the manuscripts of many of the M'zab Valley coffers, the Sheikh Ami Saeed Foundation, which, within the framework of the Heritage Letter Project, indexed more than ten treasuries, which contain thousands of titles in various fields of knowledge.
Among the most important manuscript titles that these treasuries are rich in, are related to jurisprudence and its origins, as these treasuries are the only source for some titles, because they contain many unique copies.
This study comes to present the efforts made by this institution in order to protect manuscripts and index them, and to remove the disclosure of the contents of these indexes, and what they contain from the precious books of Islamic thought in general, and Ibadi in particular.

Ibn Dhahira a scholar of Mecca who obtained science from a young age that it was helped in this matter by the internal environment of his scientific family and the external environment represented by scientific centers and elders residing in the Holy city of Mecca . he studied and learned at the hands of scholars and elders of his time and he took away about them and heard from them . that study has affected in his personality and his knowledge so, he was alone with many sciences . he held several religious positions and he was the head of the advisory opinion in Mecca , it's judge and the son of it's judge and the title of sheikh of Islam for his scientific and social standing . he could manage despite his occupations and positions to pay attention authorship and classification so, he brought out the " pleasant gathering " and " fatwa" .it turned out in the study of his resources that he was a burden in the transmission to some extent and that sometimes transfer in the sense and in some of it verbally but, his quotations were not disruptive . he transferred his novels and his speeches from the considered and documented books and used several methods in his book . this is due to the different of his topics and its wide and his ability to solve his references to resources and likewise a different quote from them .the book of "pleasant gathering " in the virtue of Mecca and its people and building the honorable house is one of the important sources that have supplied the Islamic and Arabic library with the texts and news about Mecca , views and notes that author wrote in his age was witness on the era .
The wheel of time rotates around its surroundings, creating an endless array of events, situations, characters, and benefits. It is customary for human beings to have an interest in what happened, how it happened, its details, and its people. Interest in history, even if it is only by way of telling and stories, and this is something that many improve. In the past, history was an art of the arts or a branch of literature. History is the recording, description and analysis of events that took place in the past, on neutral scientific grounds, in order to reach facts and rules that help Understanding the present and predicting the future, ancient historians approached historical sources from two angles; One is ethical, as al-Subki did, and the other is a professional mentality, as Ibn Khaldun did.

Many researchers and scholars in Islamic history tried to research the biography of Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib, the uncle of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and God and peace), so they wrote in his personal biography from his birth until his death, and who wrote about this character Abu Taher Al-Salafi (d. 576 AH), and the title was His authorship "A summary of the manners of Sidi al-Abbas Ibn Abd al-Muttalib, the uncle of the Prophet, may God Almighty be upon him, and he was pleased with him." After studying this manuscript, I began to search its phrase after matching it and reviewing it with the texts that the owner of the manuscript referred to, such as Al-Bukhari, Al-Tirmidhi, Ibn Asaker, Al-Khatib, Samarkandy, and other names that he mentioned. An attempt by us to document and explain it in order to be considered a simple part added to the history books that touched on such a character

Algeria is one of the forefront of the countries that paid great attention to the manuscript heritage, as i twas the first Islamic country to rise in this country, and it is the Rustamia, which gave the importance of heritage to the manuscript, Abdel Rahman Ibn Rustum singled out the financial assiastance that wasrecieved from him from the east, to buy books and copies and it was the libraryof the infallible one of the most important libraries of the Middle Eastduring the era of the modern stat, there were also manuscripts releted to the French colonial period between 1830 and 1962 and they have great signilicanceas one of the historical rings that record the conditions of Algerian society in allsocial, cultural, economic and solitical fields. And if we want to give an ideaabout the balance of the Arab heritage in manuscript in Algeria, we must talk, even briefly, about these treasures, especially in the contemporary perod.

Our approach to the investigation is based on controlling technical matters and producing texts as well as clarifying what are the most difficult characters or terms that are difficult to understand, taking care of the academic investigation method by controlling punctuation and comma marks. Definition of the characters mentioned in the manuscript, the definition of cities, as well as the interview of texts with the books he declared. As well as following up on spelling errors and referring to modifications in the text and referring to the wrong original in the margin, as well as defining old words in the light of language books, and the characters in the manuscript were defined as figures who are not known scientifically, politically, or in any other field, and therefore we did not find a translation For many of them and this was indicated in the margin

The successive political developments that occurred on the Islamic nation directly affected the recording of the hadiths of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), and that was from the incident of the shed until the end of the second century AH, and it had the greatest impact on distorting the features of Islamic history, especially in the Umayyad and Abbasid covenants, which It worked to direct historical events in a way that serves its policy and strengthens its presence through verbal and jurisprudential differences, and the process of recording the hadith passed through several stages that actually began at the end of the first century and the beginning of the second century AH, where the first steps of recording the hadith began in writing it after it was limited to verbal communication, and the matter developed after The passage of time, it moved from the stage of collection and research to the classification and arrangement of hadiths according to the narrators, even if the topics differed, as they are classified whether they are jurisprudential or dealings. After that, the types of hadith books developed and branched out between compilations, Sunnahs, sources, Muwatta and mosques.
This topic is of great importance in terms of knowing the types of hadith that the manuscript dealt with, as the hadith was the second source of Islamic legislation, as he mentioned the types of hadith in a gentle manner through poetic verses. This manuscript was written by Abd al-Karim bin Abdullah, the Abbasid caliph, al-Madani, Ibn al-Qadi, who was a jurist, a writer, and the Mufti of al-Hanafiyya in Medina. He was born in the city of seventy and a thousand. He excelled and became famous. He also classified a letter on the sanctity of silk cushioning and bedding (which is a preponderance of the words of Abu Yusuf and Muhammad al-Shaybani), and he also revealed problems in the face of some questions in transactions, and we do not know whether he is called the generous fatwas or those independent fatwas. And it has systems and prose. And his death was - thirty-three years one hundred and a thousand

QANA port is a main and most important port of HADHRMUT , located at north of ADAN about ( 400) in the south side of the Arabian Peninsula on the Arabian Sea coast . Qana port is most important of Yemen because it has a great role in the internal and external trade as it is a link between Egypt and India trade . It is connected between Yemen and HADHRMUT with a commercial relationships with the Levant and the ports of the eastern coast of Africa and Mesopotamia, HADHRMUT enjoyed economic prosperity by it .

Date palm is one of the trees that have been found on the globe since ancient times, and it was known in the ancient world as the "good tree", the "tree of life", and the "virgin tree". We see that the palm tree exists in certain environments where the conditions are favorable, such as temperature and humidity, and the palm has great and many benefits from its fruit (dates), and from newspaper and its stems for construction, housing, furniture making and living necessities, and a lot of the many benefits that the palm tree provided to man, so it meant a lot to him in the economic, urban and life aspects All that prompted all of that man to look at the palm tree with a kind of gratitude, in addition to that he found himself in it because it is tall with a solid basement, giving evergreen and the life is fruitful, caring and patient, which led all of this to the palm find a special place in their beliefs, so it appeared in most of the beliefs of the Near East. Old signs and texts or a drawing on the level of pagan or divine beliefs in general indicate what we went to.

The word theater means space or place, and that is the building that presents the theatrical work, as it embodies a story or a story through ideas presented by the actors, and we find that the connection of theatrical art appeared since the inception of Rome 753 BC, and was related to religious rituals, and through the Greek colonies in the south Italy and Rome’s expansion outside its borders began to show features of contact and influence
Although the Romans quoted cultural features related to Greek architecture, they added their touches to the structure of the building, the materials used, and even the arts that include decorations and crowns associated with the theater..and we find in the Roman theater to give a religious character and the purpose of that is to get out of the spirit of conservatism.

Man knew the journey or wandering and the movement by his nature, which he has mounted since the beginning of creation, since Adam and Eve descended to the earth to worship God and to populate the earth with its children and spread in it by pursuing the sources of water, which in turn will provide them with the possibility of agriculture, drinking, and providing them and their animals with livelihood
The title of the research included “Customs and traditions in the Arab and Islamic country through the books of Arab and Muslim travelers and geographers.” Here, the travelers traveled all the globe in their time, and recorded its human, economic, architectural, cultural and geographical features, and served knowledge as they served the Islamic conquests great services, stimulated the imagination, helped the rulers, and opened to students Science and knowledge have broad horizons and many windows, so you notice that each one of them had spoken about the conditions of every city he had seen with his own eyes and was able to convey to us vivid pictures of the reality of those countries through the customs and traditions that they were clinging to.

The study of cities is one of the topics that researchers are concerned with، as these studies represent additions to the historical library، especially since the study of Islamic civilizations in the Levant or Morocco has studied and its general aspects have emerged، but there are other cities that have not been highlighted to study them despite their political status and Economic and scientific، hence our desire to shed light on the city of Ajdabiyya or Ajdabiyya in a thousand as mentioned by some sources، and to study the components of civilization by Islam and to enter the Arab tribes of the Maghreb and end the role of this city in the fifth century AH .
Ajdabiya is a city in the province of Cyrenaica، which had a clear economic role during the days of Roman control، as commercial convoys traveling to the countries of Sudan and the Mediterranean were passing by، where its geographical location was of great importance، its people to play this role، which made the Romans fortify the city and defend it، as well During the days of the Islamic conquest، Muslims realized this economic and commercial importance، especially the Fatimid state، which took care of it and made it a way to reach Egypt.

The cultural renaissance of the Arab Islamic State has reached its peak for centuries. The Islamic cities became the goods of science and literature, and became a field for every one of the virtues of Spock. We did not mention the scholars, wise men, writers and politicians whose reputation spread over the horizons. In the aspects of life, which enriched science, administration and politics with special offers witnessed by history, among these families (the family of the surgeon) with knowledge and virtue and dignified blessings, has gained the honor and a lot of spiritual and political influence, and has made itself a moratorium on authorship and teaching to fuel the light of knowledge .The sons of their people, and the sea of knowledge flourished, and the suns of their sciences were brightened, and the springs of their literature spread, and many scholars, ministers, and administrators emerged from this family, and we shall mention them during this research .

The research on the aspects of the translation and transportation movement in the transport sciences during the first Abbasid era deals with an important aspect of the civilized prosperity witnessed by the Islamic Arab state during its emergence, development and openness to other human civilizations.
History is considered to be the immortal record in which most lines of human experience and the creations of its scholars have been written. Perhaps the best person who represents this historical record in the Arab Islamic civilization is that era that occupied a prominent place in the eyes of political leaders and in the eyes of scholars and thinkers has been and continues to be the inspiration of leading writers And historians have written in it an important number of scientific works that attest to its greatness and civilization and its pioneering role in the history of Arabism and Islam in particular and in the history of humanity in general that era is the Abbasid era.

For books of Tracts and kingdoms are of particular importance because their authors not only described the roads and routes they described countries and Cities in tirms of administrative، historical and economic، making them an important resource for studying the conditions of society، these books are the tractate tracts and kingdoms known as al-Azizi. The book was chosen for systematic study. To the points in the first point the name of the author، and the second point flowed the description of the book، the third point was specialized in the book plan، hope the fourth point was review of the curriculum in the tractate and kingdoms.

Abu Talib Ibn Abd al-Muttalib was an uncle of Holy Prophet (Mohammed) (May Allah Bless Him and Grant Him Peace). He considered one of the well-known characters in Islamic history. Abu Talib played a key role and apparent impact in supporting the Mohammad Messenger in spreading the Islamic mission. In addition, he strongly stood against the polytheistic Quraysh who fought the Messenger through various ways to eliminate the Islamic religion that the prophet Mohammed invited people to believe it like a religion. On the other side, there is a variance among historians about Abu Talib's belief whether he believed or no. Hence, this study would clarify the most prominent of these sceptical narratives and their refutation with other reliable and logical narrations that provide a clear vision without detracting. Those narrations which based on the Noble Hadith showed the Abu Talib's faith and defiance of the Islamic religion as well as his feverish defense of his nephew against the polytheists until his death (may Allah be pleased with him).

Some nations claimed that they are the best in leading mankind and reaching the highest level of interest in civilization in all its aspects, but with the passage of days it has been proven inability to reach the human being to the level of sophistication and civilization, and it did not reach civilization except to more destruction and decline in morals, so that man became in it It does not distinguish good from evil, and it is accompanied by the appearance of mental illnesses, deformities, perversion and attempted suicide; Because of the spiritual void that these nations suffered from, their thinkers and scholars began to prepare a powerful campaign through which they searched for solutions to their problems, which had become difficult to control.
However, the task was arduous for these intellectuals and the conscious class, as their efforts faced great hindrance, so their religion did not remain the same in order to draw from it what saves it, nor did they resort to secularism, atheism, capitalism, socialism and existentialism that enabled it to recover with it, all of these trends are valid for a certain time and for a group. Certain.

This is an academic study for studying the extravagance and improvidence in the abbassid caliphs marriage parties to show the great handle and supreme care for the Abbassid caliphs in their marriages where the forms of beauty and superiority are clear in them.
These three caliphs "Al- Rasheed, Al- Ma'moon and Al- Mu'tadid were the most clear caliphs in their expenditure in their marriages parties that as they were competing in the spending sizes and that were not short for the caliph where it was extended to bride family.
So we had divided this paper into three axes the first was for caliph Haroon Al- Rasheed marriage to his cousin Zubaida, the second tackled caliph Ma'moon marriage to boran daughter of Al- hassan bn Sahail while the third tackled how caliph Al- Ma'tadid marriage to Katrel Nada daughter of Khumarway Al- Toni.
The most important results we may notice are that the phenomenon of improvidence in these parties are contradict what Islam call for it in rules for the need of not being dissaving and to the big amounts in the state treasury that made the caliphs conduct as they wish and not to spend them to the benefit of the state.

Mrs. Arwa, the aunt of the Prophet (PBUH), knew a model for the Muslim woman who is patient in making decisions and considering important matters. Mrs. Arwa was with the aunts of the Prophet (PBUH) Safia and ailing next to her nephew supported him as she was a preacher of Islam and she was a strong opinion and a balanced mind inherited from her family of eloquence and eloquence She was an eloquent poet and had a number of sayings and poems, including a poem on the lament of the Prophet (PBUH) and another in the lament of her father. The nature of the research necessitated its division into an introduction and conclusion, and firstly: her name and lineage, second: her marriage, third: her conversion to Islam, fourth: her agreement with the Prophet (PBUH) and fifth: her delegation to Muawiyah, and sixth: her poems and her death.

Tolerance is the basic condition for practicing and avoiding all forms of violence, conflict and challenge, and this means that tolerance is not an easy thing to achieve, but rather a complex practice that involves various cognitive and scientific demands. That the individual must submit to the requirements and requirements of tolerance in a way in which the other feels that he is accepted and recognized for his existence as a vital entity in society and that he is concerned with the need to participate in social life.
That is why the divine religions came to work on raising and preparing man in a correct spiritual, material and intellectual preparation, so that this man would become the effective pillar in building advanced and civilized human societies, so the religions recommended him with everything that benefits him and forbade him from everything that harms him, and if the peoples of the world aspire to achieving world peace.

The takfiri thought was and still poses a great danger to all of humanity, and this is evident from what the Kharijites did in the past in terms of actions and deeds that separated the ummah, and alienated many people from the way of truth. To fit with their satanic thought that extends its origins to Satan and how they arrogated the envy of the Prophet of God Adam (peace be upon him) and disobeyed God Almighty in his envy, fanaticism and tyranny, which appeared in various forms in the verses of the Noble Qur’an. The emergence of the ancient Kharijites, and among their effects the emergence of the new Kharijites and how this had a great impact on the extension of the origins of extremism and the branches of its erroneous interpretations in reading the religious text in our modern era today.

The scourge of extremism and the fatwa of takfir has still been one of the most dangerous heresies that threaten our Arab societies and our Islamic and international world. Its danger will reach the country of God and destroy the people, and it has targeted every nation or group of its moderate approach to believing in religions and following the laws of heaven, since the dawn of the lights of the heavenly religions on earth and the laws have been commanding forgiveness and charity And following the path of tolerance, and Islam started its journey with moderation.
What we see is better for us to pause for a long time in our research at the opinion of Islam about extremism and atonement, because tolerance in Islam is unequivocal. The verses of the arbitrators overflowed with what is in accordance with our claim. Tolerance, so the article's discussions and its hypothesis dealt with atonement, extremism, and the position of the Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet.

Summary:
Praise be to God, who guided his parents the way of guidance, performed good deeds on their hands, saved them from the evil, and I pray and greet Muhammad and his family, the best of all, his companions, and those who follow him Islam calls for respect for human rights, peaceful coexistence, tolerance, rejection of differences, abandonment of racism, and adherence to the principle of humanity, and this is the criterion of (human interaction), which is confirmed by many Qur’anic verses as well as the hadiths and sayings of the Imams of the People of the House (peace be upon them).
This is what we will try to present in this paper, which supports the idea of religious tolerance and living peacefully away from all names in a multi-denominational society that lives in harmony, trust and harmony, even though .they are different in terms of doctrines, religions or groups
Among the masterpieces of what Imam Ali (peace be upon him) said about peaceful coexistence and respect for human rights was his saying by categorizing people: (either a brother to you in religion or a peer to you in creation), yes .. it is a phrase that history has immortalized and will remain glowing over time and will not be extinguished. Because it starts from the spirit of the heavenly book (the Holy Quran).
And from the morals and behavior of the Prophet Muhammad (may God’s prayers be upon him and his family), where he said: ((All creation are children of God, and the most beloved of His creation to Him will benefit them for His dependents)), and because it emerged from a heart full of faith and a mind open to the human race, there is no difference between human beings, all are equal, and it is not A distinction is made between an Arab or a non-Arab except by piety. There is no exploitation, slavery, or domination of one class or nation over .another, but absolute slavery to God Almighty, for everyone is free
And as it was mentioned in the words of Imam Al-Hussein (peace be upon him), addressing his enemies, defining them with the value of freedom. He used to ask his enemies to live free in their world. In your world)), freedom is a human demand, which every human needs, and God Almighty created all people free. And Imam Ali (peace be upon him) said: ((O people, if Adam did not give birth to a slave or a slave, and all people are free)), and from him also that he said: ((Do not be a slave other than you and God has made you free)) That is that man cannot be He shall live with dignity and honor except in the shadow of freedom, .and the material and moral human rights are guaranteed.
Likewise, the rest of the imams of the People of the House (peace be upon them) thought about peaceful coexistence and respect for human rights, and this is what we will explain in the research in detail, God willing, where we will present the research to three topics: In the first topic: We will present (tolerance between Islam and the heavenly religions), and in The second topic: We will talk about tolerance between the thought of the Messenger (may God bless him and his family) and the commandment of Imam Ali (peace be upon him). As for the third topic: Tolerance will be in the thought of the Imams of the People of the House (peace be upon them), and then the conclusion and the most prominent results of the research, and after that a list Sources, references and research abstract in .English

Identity .. the homeland.. These terms, but concepts, have a multiplicity of opinions about them. This explains the identity by belonging and that by the carpentry and the homeland, the land ... geography ... history ... a nation ... and even a religion.
In order for our beginning to be clear, we must present what we believe about these concepts through language and convention, or both, through what we have seen from the opinions of thinkers, philosophers and researchers, to get out of these opinions and discussions with features, characteristics and components that are clear and close to what we think about these concepts with what we can We place it in the context of what influences it, its identification and its relationship with its surroundings, especially the cultural perspective in all its aspects and elements, and its relation to the foundations of the structure of the society that is affected by it.

Islam has defined the correct approach in controlling the relationship between Muslims and other people of other religions in the Islamic community, and Muslims have walked for centuries acknowledging this fact by scientific application and striking the whole world with the most wonderful examples of the possibility of Muslims coexistence with others in peace and security, just as Islam guaranteed the rights and freedoms of non-Muslims and was among the first of them The right to belief and worship where Islam did not order non-Muslims to enter it with the sword, but rather with conviction and gave him freedom of worship as long as it does not harm the Muslim.

This research deals with the the Nazi National extremist thought towards the religion، and tries to understanding of the dangerous ideas were resulted by the national schools in the twenty century، and how reflected its theories on the spirited aspects and how hegemony on the life of people.

The Turkish feminist movement began in the twentieth century following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, and the principle of equality between the sexes was relied upon, especially after the declaration of the Turkish Republic under Mustafa Kemal Ataturk's rule, and included modern reforms called for by the latter, including the imposition of a ban on polygamy and the provision of full political rights For Turkish women, and after women were facing a great disparity in employment, there was a big gap between the sexes in education at its various stages, whether primary, intermediate or secondary. The doors were opened in front of her to assume these positions, and to go to school. We do not neglect the truth if we say that this matter is not derived from religious beliefs, but rather is caused by a wrong understanding of those beliefs. Moreover, part of it is due to the laws and restrictions imposed on Turkish society. These demands were clearly reflected in the Iraqi press, which watched seriously and clearly the most prominent feminist demands on the political arena, and started publishing them on the top of its pages in order to educate the Iraqi street about the issue of gender equality.

The Israeli strategy was based on bypassing the Arab environment hostile to it by establishing alliances with the distant surrounding, which is also hostile to the Arab surrounding itself, or in the worst case, does not establish friendship with it: Iran, Turkey, Ethiopia, and I found that Iran is in this environment extremely important to its interests, because of its differences. The doctrinal, and the Arabs ’dispute over the Gulf and Shatt al-Arab, and the Shah was trying to establish a delicate balance between his Arab relations, as he was convinced that it was not in his interest to clash with it, especially with Iraq, and between his relationship with Israel, whose existence he considered a non-Arab state loyal to the West that strengthens Safe.
In the first stage, it was a secret between the Shah and Israel, and he was keen to keep the relationship between him personally and indirect Israeli officials outside the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, even though Israel pressed hard on him to recognize it and turn the relationship into public, and for that, news was leaked to the press, However, he categorically refused to recognize its existence as a state, preferring not to provoke his Arab neighbors, but the relationship soon developed due to the activity of the Iranian Jewish community, which is one of the oldest and most influential Jewish sects in the region.
At that stage, the Shah provided services to Israel by facilitating the migration of Iranian and Iraqi Jews to it via the Turkish line, at a time when there was the greatest need to amend the demographic legacy that was clearly inclined to the Palestinian side, and in return it supported it, as it was less in American and Western political circles in general.
There is a strategic dimension in Iranian-Israeli relations for quite some time now. During the past period, Israel has considered Iran to be a reciprocal male partner, regarding the development of the military capabilities of Arab countries. This vision formed the basis for widespread cooperation between the two sides before the outbreak of the February Revolution, that is, the Iranian Islamic Revolution, in 1979.

Amidst historical changes and conflicts, a state of migration prevails from crisis and conflict areas in search of safer and more stable areas, and Europe has been one of the most important migration areas throughout history due to its attractive geographical nature. Their reality, which has been exhausted by wars, corruption and hunger, are searching for a homeland as a refuge to rebuild their humanity that was lost in their original homelands. This migration, with its negative and positive aspects, will impose a new reality on Europe, just as migrations and invasions of other peoples imposed a European reality that is different from its predecessor.
Among the most important masses of immigration to which Europe was subjected was in ancient times, when the barbarian torrents coming from the east and north were pushing towards the lands of the vast Roman Empire that controlled most of the European lands, and also, parts of Asia and North Africa, and from those torrents of Germanic tribes that It migrated from the northern borders of the Roman Empire in a permanent migration movement during the fourth century, and in the face of the influx of Asian masses towards Europe from the east, the Germanic tribes headed in a reverse movement towards the European West, and prepared the contact of the Western Germanic tribes of the Goths with the Roman Empire in the west, to the other Germanic tribes to move towards the empire Roman, which has become in a state of weakness and disintegration, and the evaluation of those tribes their kingdoms in the territory of the empire.
In the paper marked the Germanic kingdoms in Western Europe, we will address through it the origins of the Germanic tribes and the composition of their society in general, and the areas to which they crawled due to the importance of this because through the process of crawling the Germans must have left a historical trace there, and the factors that allowed Germans to establish these kingdoms on the ruins of the Roman Empire Up to the decline of the East Germanic kingdoms, in contrast to the West Germanic, whose influence continued to exist on the European map until modern times. This study aims to provide historical material for a basic stage in European history, and to refine the European composition and concepts in all respects in the epochs that followed after that, and the basis of which was the Germanic component. The idea of establishing a European Union during the twentieth century is nothing but a German project to establish a unified Germanic empire, which gives an impression of the supremacy of the Germanic component on the European continent.

After the end of the second word war in 1945,the defect France against Germany showed its arrogant force towards the isolated Algerian people when it committed the 8th of May 1945 horrible massacres and killed more than 45000persans,and detained the leaders of the Algerian national movement.
The colonial objective was to frighten the Algerian people who demanded the realization of the promises introduced as previously as sef-determined and freedom. Also, the French aimed at terrorising the rest of its colonies.
The reality of the focus in which France found itself in the eyes of the national and international opinion due to the mentioned massacres resulted in absorbing the Algerian people's anger.From this came the policy of pacification launched by the French administration to build bridges of a new relationship with the Algerian National Movement, especially during the years (1946-1947).Therefore, in this cesearch paper we try talk about the decision of amnesty of the political detainees which was published in March 9th, 1946 and the Fundamental Law called as the Algerian constitution by the French press. This started a lot of political controversy in Algeria and France.

The First World War in 1914 represented the end of the Ottoman presence in Iraq, the beginning of a new occupation and an era of colonial control represented by Great Britain with major interests in Mesopotamia. At the end of 1914, specifically on October 29, the Ottoman naval forces launched an attack on Russian ports. In the Black Sea by the two Turkish destroyers (Gibbin and Perselau), and here the picture became clearer, which prompted the representatives of the countries allied to the Ottoman Empire, from the ambassadors to claim their passports on the thirtieth of the same month, in order to leave the capital of the state Eight (Istanbul), and in the second of November Russia declared war on the Ottoman Empire .

The Pahlavi era in Iran (1925-1979 AD), especially the second Pahlavi era, was characterized by his constant attempts to uproot Iran from its roots and linking it to the West, as well as the bad rule of Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi politically, economically and socially, as well as his continuous transgression of the religious establishment and its men, led by the Ayatollah Khomeini, which prompted the Iranian people in various cities to embark on a massive revolution to get rid of the Pahlavi regime.
The Islamic Revolution went through several stages, including the stage of armed struggle, the stage of the general strike, and the stage that drove a wedge into the basis of the Pahlavi regime, which was by the month of Muharram of the year 1399 AH / 1978 CE.
The research was divided into an introduction, two papers and a conclusion. The first topic dealt with the advent of the sacred month of Muharram, the demonstrations that took a new turn, and the resignation of the military government. As for the second topic, it dealt with the formation of the civilian government, then the departure of the Shah and the return of Ayatollah Khomeini, and thus the victory of the Islamic Revolution