Journal of African Studies

Researching the history of the Touat region requires
great patience and effort, and this is due to the scarcity of
sources and specialized studies in the history of the region,
especially research in the moral heritage, which the student
finds himself stemming from oral narrations that seek
refuge in accuracy and documentation as a main source in
his study, and this doubles the difficulty of research, and
what It can be found that it is scattered sentences in the
books of the sheikhs and scholars coming to or living in it
that enabled them to learn about the history of the region or
the nature of scientific, social, cultural and political life in it.
One of the objectives of the study is to identify some of the
poetic purposes that indicate the development, prosperity,
and mastery of scholars, and accordingly, what is the
region of Touat? Was his elders and a hundred preferred in
the development of the poetic movement? Who is Sheikh
Al-Mukhtar Al-Kunti? What is its literary impact on that?
Among the results that have been reached is that the
province of Touat is steeped in history through texts,
manuscripts and archaeological monuments that are
still witness to this and which we discover through the
accounts of great travelers and historians such as Ibn
Khaldun, Al-Bakri and others. Sheikh Al-Mukhtar Al-
Kinti had great merit in the development and revival of the
poetic movement in the Touat region. The reason for the
civilizational prosperity of the Touat region is its distance
from the political conflicts in the Islamic Maghreb, which
made it a region of prosperity in the middle of the vast
African desert, with which forms of civilized interaction
intensified.

This modest research comes as an attempt to
contribute to the research activities that seek to collect
the literary heritage in (Macina), achieve, describe
and analyze it before studying it in in-depth critical
studies, as the field of research in it is still primitive and
fertile and its fields are wide; Because most of their
products are still unknown manu-scripts immersed in
private family libraries that are difficult to access, and
the responsi-bility to show them lies with the people
of the region.
It should be noted that there is a lot of religious
heritage left by Macina scholars in doc-trine,
interpretation, jurisprudence and its origins, history,
language and literature in both languages: Falata, the
local language, and Arabic, the language of religion
and culture in the form of manuscripts that are
difficult to benefit from until today, such as a book:
(Dokal dokko: the giver grant) to Alpha Saeed Al-
Macini, and we call upon the people of the region who
are specialists in various fields to pay attention to this
precious legacy left by their ancestors, and bring it to
light in a proper manner.

The paper highlights translation of that Arabic
novels in Nigeria played an important role in
spreading the culture of the Nigerian people, and
it encourages Nigerian novelists to work with their
creativity as Arabs and others did, by describing
their appealing natural environment. Likewise,
researchers and academics resorted to expanding
the scope of translations in bringing the works of
their leaders into existence by converting them
into other languages. Although their translations
sufficed in English before Arabic, yet Arabic
translation is still competing. Both the Southern
and Northern Nigerians in this process. This
research includes a simple definition of the
novels, listing the names of some Nigerian novels
and their writers, the importance of translation for
Nigerians, the goals and usefulness of translation,
as well as mentioning the works and their
translators

Patriotism, induction
and deduction,
descriptive analytical
approach, poems.

first instance, through Arabic machants, traders, Muslim
intinirary scholars cum preacers and later through the
indegneous scholars. The Islamic kigdoms, sultanates and
emirates, which adopted Arabic as their official languge
are part of its developmental factors in the country.
Other factors are educational delegates to Arab countries,
establishment of formal Arabic schools and others. The
Nigerians learn the languge and master it to the extent
of producing quality literary works with it. Some of our
scholars have documented and published the activities of the
language in the contry. The Academics among them have
also studied various Arabic works of Nigerian authorship,
except that most of these studies concentrate on different
aspect of Arabic language. The situation calls for a research
that would give a panoramic account of Arabic language
in Nigeria. This study therefore, examines the advent of
Arabic language in Nigeria, the present reality of its status
and projects its future. To achieve these objectives, the study
adopted historical and descriptive methods. The historical
method was used to trace the growth and development
of Arabic language in Nigeria as well as identifying the
factors that affected its evolution, spread and flurisence,
while the descriptive method was employed to analyse the
metrerials gathered. The paper is divided into five sections;
the first section is introduction, the second section studied
the condition of Arabic in the earlier perod in Nigeria, the
third section investigated its status in the present moment,
the fourth section probed into its future in the country while
the last section is the conclusion. The paper concluded
that Arabic language has a bright future in Nigeria and
recommended that all the stakholders in Arabic in Africa
should endearvour to establish a league for African Arabic
Literature in Africa.

The scholars of the African continent realized the
advantage of the Arabic language in acquiring the
sciences and knowledge that resulted from the Arab
Islamic civilization, so they worked on learning it and
teaching it to subsequent generations. The value, and
researchers in this fertile field, authored many books
and various academic research, so there was an urgent
need to look at them, and to extract their potentials and
introduce them In this paper, we have tried to answer
the following problem:
Did the Africans have a poetic production in the
Arabic language, in which the poems reached the
quality of the poems of Arabic poetry that we were
accustomed to?
Then we concluded the hypothesis of the existence
of an eloquent Arabic poetic production in Africa that
rises to the level of the Arabic poetic poem that we are
familiar with hearing.

This intervention was subjected to the brief
definition of Professor Saeed Ahmed galadanci, the
Nigerian writer and his book, the Arabic language
movement and its literature in Nigeria, and its role in
showing critical features by dealing with poetic and
prose texts in studying in his aforementioned book,
and thus the attempt of this literary character appears
in the development of Nigerian literary criticism
from During his analysis and explanation of his book
Article, this intervention will depend on the descriptive
inductive approach. One of the most prominent results
reached by the researcher is that the critical analysis of
Saeed Ahmed is a descriptive analytical study of the
texts that he studies and an influential part that is rushed
from a passionate emotion and innate taste to issue
abstract provisions of the reason and reasons while
commenting on the texts Poetry, either when prose,
the rulings are tested sometimes with grammatical
rules, then comment on the results of the research and
the list of margins and references.

Each text is a set of events and feelings
interconnected by threads from the past and the
present, and this is what makes texts, especially the
narrative text, more amenable and open to merging
with its previous texts. There is no text generated
by itself, but texts are created by pairing in order to
register for them stability and continuity.
The insertion of the absent text into the present text
leads to the birth of new texts in which the writer’s
creativity and ability to rebuild a new text away
from copying and repetition, relying on his cultural
awareness and knowledge, and in return, the recipient
must have a degree of culture and knowledge that
enables him to monitor the areas of overlap and
intersection between texts and to possess the cognitive
tools for this. The research relied on the descriptiveanalytical
approach in an attempt to monitor the
intertextuality in Samrawit's novel attributed to the
contemporary Eritrean writer Haji Jaber.

Words in Standard Arabic are built according to
phonetic and morphological laws that our linguists
have worked hard to put in order to preserve our
language from every distortion. Others (I mean the
phonetic side and the morphological side), and if
language user at that time is not lightly pronounced
between the original as is the case in the subject of the
study, from this gap we can talk about carved words
because they are often capitalized, Perhaps this weight
can be attributed to the lack of a rule for casting these
words, and the issue may seem more complicated
when talking about the problem of determining the
original words for the carved word in the vernacular
languages, including the Algerian dialect, which the
Arab brothers see as the most difficult dialect and the
most distant Arabic dialects from the mother tongue,
and their saying can be replied In this research, the
elucidation of the eloquent words included in the
linguistic carved in the contemporary language first,
and then in the dialect of the people of Laghouat
(which is one of the Algerian dialects), we note that the
carved words cover certain uses, like other eloquent
words, and reflect an important aspect of the Algerian
society’s adherence to the Arab identity Although the
acceleration of civilization.

This article is entitled: \"The Development of
Arabic Poetry in Africa\" and aims to identify the
role of African poetry. In this article, the researcher
followed the descriptive analytical approach.
The article was divided into five sections: the
first topic: the history of Arab-African literature,
the second topic: the Islamism of Arab-African
poetry, the third topic: new meanings in Arab-
African poetry, the fourth topic: the development
of Arab-African poetry, and the final fifth topic:
results and recommendations.

The article is one of the most accommodating
of the prose arts of human life topics, and it has
attracted great interest among readers, scholars
and writers with their various knowledge cultures.
The article had a presence in Arab-African
literature in general and Nigerien in particular...if
factors contributed to its development and spread
among Nigerian school and university students
that worked on teaching and learning the Arabic
language and encouraging students to write articles
in it for publication in official newspapers and
magazines...and this in turn was reflected in the
development of The arts of the article in Nigeria if
its types are varied according to the requirements
of life, the writer's view and his intellectual and
literary perspectives.