URUK FOR HUMANITIES

This research sheds light on the style of the body, as a dominant core, on the poetic taste of the poet / poet of the second Abbasid period. The poet is surrounded by a religious system that can not be separated from it. He found in the poetry the only outlet to express all the gestures of silence in his speech. The body was shaped by the humming of the latent discourse, which revealed the joints of masculine desire, And declared. The female was still, in the depths of the masculine mind, of the lusts and desires of the appetite of the Raghibi.

The researcher addressed a phenomenon that was raised in the rhetorical critical discourse of the Arabs, and tried to find it in the Qur’anic discourse that opened up to a miraculous expressive system. He found in the sayings of scholars - such as Al-Jahiz (d. 255 AH), Al-Hatimi (d. 388 AH), Ibn Sinan Al-Khafaji (d. 466 AH), Al-Muzaffar bin Al-Fadl Al-Alawi (d. 656 AH), Ibn Rasheeq Al-Qayrawani (d. 463 AH) and others - a broad application on the discourse of faith and the attributes of believers in the Wise Remembrance, and the effect of substitution in choosing words. The research was divided into sections, including: what was concerned with the keywords of the research (al-Irdaaf and what is similar to it, Al-Tanqiti and what is different from it, and the believers and what is related to them), and it was divided into the believers, their attributes and names, and the effect of the context in achieving their meaning; Part of it deals with the reference on which the saying is based, and the mechanisms adopted in showing the miraculous aspects in it, such as naming the believers either according to their actions, or according to their outcome, and what is noted in it of semantic change between linguistic usage and Quranic usage of what the Holy Quran contains of foundational doctrinal concepts. And after: The research is an attempt to read the Quranic discourse, according to expressive linguistic starting points in that the Quran explains some of it, which is considered a broad text for reading and investigation, to stand on the purpose of the research and its rhetorical goal in showing the Quranic miracle.

The research aims to describe the coherent referential structure in Hamed Al-Rawi's poetry, and to explain its function in creating and constructing the text/discourse, in addition to examining the efficiency of this methodological tool in analyzing the poetic text. The research attempts to achieve this by methodically answering a set of questions related to the types of referential means that appeared in Al-Rawi's poetry, and the nature of the referential structure in the language of contemporary poetry and the forms it takes, and how does the referral contribute to the consistency of the poetic text that is dominated by external referral that lacks a position that determines its reference? What is also related to the mechanism of building referential networks in Al-Rawi's poetry? What is its relationship to contemporary poetic styles? These questions and their branches will be answered when tracing the referential elements in selected texts from Al-Rawi's poetry.

This research is a study for repetitions motivation in the Arabic Poetry until the end of Amway era, in this study I try to reveal the reasons of employment poets the phenomena of repetitions in their poetries, where they tried to transmit their inner feelings by the repetition some words and person's name which were have the psychological situation in their souls, then the lament and praise poetry in the Arabic poetry were a strong motivation and activate motor for employing the repetition phenomena, when the poet loss one of his lovers he seek to employ mechanisms and means in his poetry which help him to overpass his bitter reality, then the repetition is one these means where poets employees in their office of poetry which reflect the bitter reality that the poets feels when lovers die or on of relatives. In the praise poetries some of poets deliberate to repeat these means of praised ones and uphold them, and this what will be clear during this research.

This is a research in modern Arabic literature, a critical study of the contemporary Iraqi novel, the text of which is the novels of Zaid Al-Shaheed, which he wrote in celebration of his city of Samawah, and the people in it, and they are four novels, in which he devoted his tendency in literature, which is humanity and the celebration of man, and the novels shared their time, place and common cultural system, which calls for a comprehensive study of them, according to a single critical method, to reveal their cultural and aesthetic systems. The novel text was subjected to a cultural study that takes man, his culture and the celebration of him as a field for its study and revelation, to clarify the systems implicit in it, in two independent topics, its sources are books in modern criticism and modern novel literature, the most important of which are the novels of the Iraqi novelist Zaid Al-Shaheed, Saturday, Tuesday, Horses of the Years and Farsakhs of Sighs Waiting and Tragedy of a City.

- According to the Quranic text, the concept of civilization has various aspects. It is a village, city, nation, country and people. Therefore, it seems important to consider each one of these terms to construct the concept of civilization and its Islamic cultural project.

- To understand the Islamic cultural project should, first of all, consider the attribution of this project to religion and then look at the methodic and indicative frames of the religion itself.
- It seems inappropriate to study the methods and social aspects of civilization separately and in isolation of its language. This separation may lead to the obliteration of the cultural identity and distort its understanding. Hence, it is important to admit that we don’t have the enough scientific ability to understand the cultural identity of a nation without understanding what distinguish it from the other cultures. Accordingly, what distinguish the Islamic culture is that it depends in its historic existence on a valuable and knowledge network where language considered to be the cornerstone or its incorporeal structure.
Finally, it can be concluded that the most important confrontation between nations is a cultural one. That's to say, the existence of each nation and its development depends on its ability to be existed and its cultural history which function as the main defender in any cultural challenge that may be imposed by the historic context.

The research explained a number of results, which I can summarize as follows:
 Transformation and semantic stability, an important branch of language richness and semantic breadth in Arabic.
 Semantic transformation and sta¬bility is a type of semantic devel¬opment intended by the individ¬ual to come to the idea of organized language based on the fundamental elements (measured and measured, governance and bug), which are the same ele¬ments of linguistic measurement.
 The shift and the semantic stabil¬ity of the Arabic words were not limited to the presence of the problem, but rather to the fact that it has become obsolete, even if it is absent, provided that it is compatible and appropriate in the content of significance sub¬ject to familiar semantic domain relations.
 The research has shown the pos¬sibility of saying "change of meaning" instead of "special cir¬culation" and consistency of meaning instead of "generaliza¬tion", transformation and stabil¬ity instead of changing the area of significance.

The poet Aroaa bin Authena (he was died around 130 A.H.)is considered to be one of the virgin courtship poets in the town during Ammoi age .He is from Kannana tribe and his ancestry returns to Mudhar bin Nazar.He was unique among the modern jurists and he was one of Immam of AL-Hijra house Sheikhs (Anas bin Malik), he collected singing with jurisprudence, Hadith, novel and poetry where he composed some melodies and sang them himself. This poet is considered as one of specialized in fields of sciences and arts ,as well as he joined pride of himself and his tribe in most of his poems especially the long ones, he hided his predicament which was facing losing original tribal values during life changes at his age .In his poems, he was unique with a number of interesting stylistic phenomena and this is what this research will clarify by objective and stylistic study for his longs poems and for a short virgin poem that he was famed for without another one.

Al-Shafi'i fi al-Imamah by Sayyid al-Murtada is one of the important books in proving the Imamate of the Imams, peace be upon them, as he presented in it the most important doubts and problems of the common people in the issue of Imamate and Caliphate, and through the most prominent scholars and theologians of the common people, namely Judge Abdul Jabbar al-Mu'tazili, who collected all the doubts and problems that came to his mind about Imamate and Caliphate in his book Al-Mughni fi al-Imamah. The importance of this book comes from the fact that no other book like it has been written throughout history in the Imamate and it is an important encyclopedia in presenting and refuting the doubts and problems raised by opponents, and therefore this book is an important source and reference in this important and serious issue on the basis of which Muslims were divided into groups and sects, and the book Al-Shafi'i fi al-Imamah indicates the author's scientific breadth and his theological ability in argumentation and debate and his skill in dialogue and silencing the opponent.

The explanation Mohammed Abdah build on a principle which says that the Koran aimed to guide people and precept them in both lives. And the Sayers of this Doctrine depend on that, the Koran depict an integrable social approach , thus they based the explanation on this concept and try to reveal the Koranic approach in their explanation in building the Islamic community from all its era.
This kind of explanation has its advantages, one of this advantage is keeping away from coercion the verse to become as the interpreter opinions. And the opposite is correct because we must display what we believe on Koran to distinguish between righteousness and aberration because Koran is the pedigreed which on it all doctrines and opinions must based . Another advantage is this explanation sees that every word of Koran is putted in its suitable place, and have no excrescent word ever, and prevent the grammarian adjudicate their doctrine in Koran. Thus Koran not just have no redundant word but it doesn't chose randomly rather wisely because it extremely rhetoric.
Another advantage is keeping away from scientific interpretations (modern science ) because it's not from Koranic fields but from physics and didn't depend on inspiration. Although it doesn't see a problem to give a hint to some phenomenon or scientific issues which concerns the nature of the universe, especially those issues which mentions by Koranic Text , one of which its attitude from those who adopted the doctrine of imitation especially in the Basics, because the imitation in this sense is fallacious and foe to science and nobody doesn't agreed with this in all eras because it takes human away from searching or looking for truth , and taking its bearer backslide his god's gift and birth then through him in darkness ,inclination and blasphemy because it prevent man to see Koran .

Lamiyat Al-Arab for Al-Shinfra recognize one of the most important poems in the Jahili's Era where carry in its folds features for intellectual and physical sides about Al-Saaleek life, also represent the live incarnation for Al-Shinfra personality, where the poet express his mental disposition in it and Emotional.
This study focus on the dealing of poet existence in the (Lamiyat Al-Arab) for Al-Shinfra through study the objectivity phenomena in the poem, like : the poet's self and its relation to the collective concern, and the transportation of Al-Shinfra from tough reality feeling injustice in it , to ideal reality represent its existence, and the relation of the poet with things / stuff which surround it, and the range of his effect in the social and moral system in limiting his existence. Therefore this objectivity phenomena within humanity performance creative thinking interfere the need of the poet to highlights his existence within the customs and traditions of society .

Al-Walaya hill lies 35 kilometers southwest of Wassit province center and 210 kilometers southeast of Baghdad at the south of Al-Hussainya district center in Wassit province. It is located in a land with a lot of salt and exposed to be immersed with Tigris floods. It is elliptical hill with two kilos length and almost one kilo width, its parts are not with the same height and its highest point is 4/30 meters from the neighboring plane surface. The name of the hill is modern and local and there is an opinion states that Al-Walaya hill is the position of Larak Sumerian city .The time of archeological finds spread on its surface retunes to descents Dawn Age ,Akadian age, and third Ur descent and some of the finds retunes to Al-Ubauid, Al-Warkaa, and Jamdat Nusar ages. The main reason for total excavation works which started on Al-Walaya archeological hill were mainly for rescuing reasons because most of the surface of the hill was subject to serious damages since 1956 caused by illegal and random excavation by locals trying to get some important archeological pieces like seals , beads ,statues and others for illegal trade purposes in addition to agricultural violations by locals, irrigation projects and soil reclamation which were executed in its surroundings affecting negatively on its area. Excavations have started since 1958 and targeted various areas of the hill and then continued during the years 1999/2000/2001/2002/2007. There were other important sides which made the hill deserves to be excavated where it is considered to be the biggest place in the area in terms of distance and there are archeological finds on its surface belonging to important historical ages .During all excavation seasons in Al-Walaya ,a lot of buildings were discovered and to identify their time , it was depended on studying pottery wares ,cylinder seals, the mud they were built by and comparisons of pottery solids and other archeological finds. Little and triangle graves for the people of the area which contained skeletons in a squatting position were found. Some of those graves were in a shape of jars or pottery basins. One of the results of the excavations was showing archeological finds which were characterized by their variety and diversity of their subjects including tools made of pottery, stone, seashells, copper and other materials which were used by man in his daily life like plates, jars, cups, glasses, buckets, pottery sickles, axes, knives, chisels, copper conduits, carts with wheels, tables and beds made by people from wood and reed where they put miniatures for them and used them as an amusement for children .

The research deals with the personal and administrative case study of a number of governors for Diwaniya Liwa , between 1945 - 1958, in the first year applied the law of the Iraqi brigades management No. (16) for the year 1945 in the District of Diwaniya in the era governor Tawfiq Al Naeeb , until the revolution of July 14 in 1958 that ended the rule Royal in Iraq. He assumed the post of acting Liwa of Diwaniya between 1945 - 1958 m eight governors on variation for survival in office according to the method of their management and administrative record .
It was all governors of Diwaniya Liwa of rights or law degree holders , as well as the career list them, and therefore, the professional status of administrative efficiency was characteristic inherent not only for governors Diwaniya Liwa , but the vast majority of the civil administration in Iraq staff during the monarchy. Saw the banner of Diwaniya during the reign of governor the establishment and implementation of a lot of business and construction projects, services, etc., which are still a lot of them standing up to this time in the city of Diwaniya and other cities, especially schools and roads, and this is that anything it shows the ages and the movement of construction witnessed in Liwa late king Royal , as well as the significant efficiency and professionalism and careful planning and orderly for these projects , which maintained its presence and permanence until the present time, with people still in the city of Diwaniya , profiting from its various services .

This studying focused on one of the local revolutions in Iraq against Yasseen Al Hashinyś government in 1935. There were mang reasons for this revolution and the most important reason was the relationship between the leaders and the politicians who were always difficult. As a result the people refused the government and carried weapons. The government faced this refusal by using plans and other weapons as well as forced them to pay interests.

This study gains its importance in the field of historical studies that it is based on a statement of that importance invested in the current curriculum followed by Ibn al-Athir in his book, and how to deal with the texts on this subject and the accuracy in his talking about it, This study revealed the natural and health dimension of the book (Al-Kamel) of Ibn al-Atheer, Through careful readings in the texts that were related to this subject, as it was difficult to study; Because it is based on tracking the historical texts of the natural aspects and health and environmental disasters with a statement of the implications and sorted by the research axes.
The search was divided into three sections: The first section: Ibn al-Atheer\'s biography and scientific status according to the books of the Study of Narrator, The second section: deals with natural and cosmic phenomena. The third section is devoted to the study of health phenomena and famines.
Conclusion: We summarized the results we reached in the research, and the research was based on a variety of historical sources in various scientific materials that enriched the search and the list of sources and references.

The city of Fustat is one of the most beautiful cities located on the banks of the Nile River, which branches into two branches. It is characterized by a hot climate during the day and a cold climate at night. It has a beautiful architectural style represented by its market, mosque, and residents. The geographical location is one of the most prominent factors that gave the city of Fustat great economic importance in the first century AH, due to the advantages it enjoys that qualified it to be an economic center. The Holy Quran has drawn the foundations of the Islamic economy, and even established a divine approach that is consistent with human nature and is suitable for all people at all times and places. The pure prophetic Sunnah came to clarify and apply what was mentioned in the Holy Quran with economic and financial data. Since the economy is the backbone of the state, it was necessary to liberate the economy of the Islamic state and for Muslims to own the sources of their wealth. Money in society has great value and a prestigious position, as it is the basis for human and societal life, along with the position of spiritual values. Through this study, I tried to give a clear picture and paid great attention to the economic and financial aspects of the city of Fustat.

Friedrich Ratzel is considered the true father of political geography, which before him was nothing but scattered ideas in books. His role was to lay the scientific foundations for political geography and geopolitics. Given the importance of his role in this, this research came to shed light on his legacy and the most prominent of what was included in it. He concluded that the political environment that Germany was experiencing before 1871 played a role in his orientation towards political geography and making it an applied science that serves decision-makers at the time. His work as a journalist also had a great impact in mitigating his inevitable tendencies. All credit goes to Ratzel, who laid the foundations of political geography in his book entitled Political Geography in 1897, and it became one of the branches of human geography. The titles of its chapters indicate that it deals with the issues of the state in terms of its strength factors, behavior, and scope with a solid methodology that many books on political geography lack at the present time. Ratzel's ideas formed the basis on which geopolitics was based, and for all those who tried to restore the glories of the Greater Germany state after its loss in World War I, by adopting his ideas and applying them on the ground.

The study aims at detecting climate change on Iraq's biological diversity. Climate change affects the various vital sectors, including biodiversity, which have been highlighted in this study. The evidence of the importance and vitality of this subject and the rationale for its study are of interest to the world, especially the United Nations Which is held annually at the World Climate Conferences and the large number of bodies and institutions to study climate change in Iraq One of the most important findings of the study was the existence of climate change, especially during the last two decades in many species of animals and plants and the extinction of some of them and recorded more than (40) species of birds, especially during the last decade of this study, and the extinction of many wild animals, Arab, Asian leopard, Arab ostrich, and extinction of 11 species of wild plants, and a relative change was observed in forested areas in the northern region.

Area of the study is considered us part of the south desert of Iraq . It occurs between (29 03- 31 37) latitudes from the north ,and (44 52 -46 15) longitudes from the south . Administratively , It occurs in Al-Muthanna province with (46254.5KM2) . It is characterized by variations in its height . Geologically , it occurs wirhin the stable breth . Cobblestone deposits supply building and constructions sector with most materials . These deposits are characterized by variations of their sizes and shapes . such deposits spread in valleys basins and their estuaries . This helps in the formation of basins in Abu- Ghar, abu- Hudher, Abu- Muris, and Al- Sha"ly valleys. It is shown from the analysis that there is a variation in the size and shape of gravels . This may be invested to build additional basins in the area.

georgia considered one of the recently separated country from previous (USSR) which has very significant geographic position cos it is located between russia and turkey and also gerogia located in area which has a huge geopolical and geostartegic importance which is the southern coucasia which considered a very important area connecting between asia and Europe the natural gas and oil in caspian see added a big importance to this area which makes it an area that many regional and international powers fight for georgia faces a very big challenges which can be a weakening factor in its geopolitical weight and the most important are the ethenic variety inside it..which causes an instability inside..this variety led to the interfernce of the neighbouring countries in its politics under the aim of the protection of those minorities which belongs to and that led to the separation of many provinces from the country under the name of protection of minorities rights and stabilities.

The issue of food security is one of the most sensitive issues affecting the sovereignty and independence of the state. Therefore, the countries have taken every step they can to achieve it so as to rid themselves of internal and external pressures. The aim of this research is to highlight food security in Egypt during the period 2011-2014. While identifying the concept of food security and its dimensions and the detection of indicators of food security in Egypt and the challenges facing it, as well as the development of solutions that can help achieve or at the very least alleviate the problem. The research found that Egypt was unable to achieve self-sufficiency during the study period for some food groups, especially strategic cereals due to a range of natural and human challenges, which requires taking a number of serious steps to face these challenges.

The research and the reality and the efficiency of urban land use in the sadeer province of Qadisiyah Levantine city by revealing the reality of the geographic distribution of those uses and its suitability to the size and distribution of the population and the factors affecting it , as well as a study revealed the functional efficiency of those uses, area and proportions posed by the area of the globe to the city and evaluate those cadastral descent through per capita and comparing it with the Iraqi standards , were also evaluated the efficiency of land use and urban (services) based on the level of services in the city and the distance set by the planning standards a maximum of arrived to service centers, and to make sure that assessment by taking the views of the population on the level of services provided to them. It emerged from the field study and the data obtained lack of justice in the geographical distribution of land use in the city as most of the services are distributed in the city center , which is located in its part the northwest and in which all the Sadeer government departments and municipal distributed , as the low level of residential use was found in spite of its formation (56.4%) of the area of the area to the city because the per capita reached (32.6m2) which is less than schematic standard, and suffer condominiums degradation and write off the progressive lack of sanitation and paved roads, and therefore the negative impact on the block for construction of housing units over time, as lower efficiency of the use of the service appeared despite attaining per capita (10.1m2) of the area due to the modest level of service and not distributed fairly to the area of the city and rising access to its centers a distance , as the low level of efficiency and other urban land use appeared for the purposes of (transportation , recreation , commercial , industrial) in terms of per capita spaces and levels. A meta search lack of real planning for the development of the vision and reality of land use in the city of AL - sadeer therefore negative consequences for future receive on the future of the city and its inhabitants.

Scientific knowledge is no longer in our contemporary life just a simple means of exchange of information abandoned complex, control the exchange desire of the parties to see the knowledge and easy to resort to them in the economic and trade exchange. Whereas a worker from an important role in the implementation of ways and arts of scientific knowledge through the work carried out by the interest of the employer, the latter sought to use factor for the development of production methods and improve their quality, in addition to the real pursuit of the use of scientific knowledge is to encourage innovation and stimulate businesses to conduct research and development in the field of scientific knowledge used. However, before considering the role of the labor contract to provide this protection, we must define the concept of scientific knowledge Can the theory of the contract provide that protection and then try to put the basis for this protection through the employment contract. So we divided the study into four sections we will show the first concept of scientific knowledge, and are looking at the second attempt to establish acceptance for the protection of scientific knowledge through theory of contract, and establish in the third concepts that can be adopted by the labor contract to provide this protection. The show in the fourth legal implications of divulging secret factor to scientific knowledge.

The present study aims current research to identify the "effectiveness of the tripartite dialogue in the acquisition of historic skills of the fourth grade literary students in history strategy": "To achieve this, use the researcher determined experimentally a part-tuning consists of two experimental; one and the other officer, chose researcher Qsidia secondary Farabi Boys place to conduct the experiment, the number of the respondents (experimental and control) (64) students by 32 students per group Random .oboutriqh selected Division (c) experimental group is considering a strategy tripartite dialogue, and considering the control group in the usual way. it was also to determine the scientific material and formulation of objectives behavioral and prepare lesson plans .autamashiya with the aim of the research, the researcher developed a measure of historical skills component (16) and promising skill each skill question three alternatives have been sure of the sincerity test and persistence, as well as statistical analysis of its paragraphs. The results showed the use of the test Altaia (t-test) outweigh Group experimental studied in accordance with the tripartite dialogue strategy on the control group, who studied in the usual way to test the historical skills in the light of the search results researcher recommended that the use of tripartite dialogue in historical skills strategy also gave the researcher a set of recommendations and proposals, most notably conducting similar studies of the current study on other stages of learning both sexual. As well as the identification of the three effective dialogue on other variables such a creative thinking, self-confidence, the trend of the article, and others.

The aim of the research is to identify the extent to which students of the intermediate stage acquire visual thinking skills. In order to achieve this goal, the researchers prepared a list of visual thinking skills after reviewing the sources and studies that dealt with visual thinking and skills, and reached a preliminary list of skills. (5) key skills (visual form, visual form analysis, relationship relations, understanding and interpretation of ambiguity, meaning extraction). In accordance with these skills, a test of visual thinking skills of choice type To verify the validity of the test in its form, it was presented to a group of arbitrators. The veracity of the paragraphs and their suitability for the students were ascertained and the psychometric characteristics of the test were ascertained to calculate the internal consistency of the paragraphs. (35). The test was implemented at the end of the second semester of the academic year (2015-2016) on a random sample of students in the third intermediate grade composed of (200) students. of (762) students A student from an average third grade students, distributed in 12 schools of intermediate and secondary schools in Qadisiyah province. After the collection and processing of data using statistical bag Spss, it has resulted in the findings of the search for:
The extent of students the skills of visual thinking was lower than the spoken ratio required for a percentage (70%). Based on the results, the researcher made a number of recommendations and proposals.

The current research targeted to know the trend toward extremism, the behavior of self-assertion, the relationship between them and included a sample of (300) students the researcher seek help by the levels of the trend of extremism this prepared by (Mohammed-Abo Dawaya) and the behavior of self-assertion prepared by the researcher (Bushra Othman Ahmed) the results were not found feelings towards extremism. Versus that the absence of behavior self- assertion at sample search-college sample with a weak relationship between them .

contracts in general are ruled by the civil and commercial legislation. For the contract of the maritime agency, as in the case of the rest of the contracts, it shall be subject to those rules governing the manner of expiry there of . In addition, Which is determined by the law or determined by the will of the parties , requires the demise of the Nodal Association . Among the characteristics of the contract in question is that it is an unnecessary contract and is based on personal consideration . Moreover , the laws governing the organization of the commercial agency in general , A certain amount should be available to those engaged in the profession of natural or legal persons and consequent underdevelopment deprive the agent from practicing the work of the Maritime Agency for loss of one or all of the conditions that determine his legal status and control his business activities and regulate his relations with the other party , whether the client or third parties, Commercial Agency Contract Whatever the cause of the expiration, it is necessary to highlight the acts initiated by the agent and did not work to the stage contracted by the principal , which requires determining the fate of these acts and the extent of the agents entitlement to pay them , in return for the rights of the client and his successor in taking the necessary measures To preserve their rights .

Mourning and suffering are central topics within Robert Hayden’s oeuvre. He has introduced into the canon of elegy a special kind of mourning – intractable work of mourning. Hayden coloures his poetics of loss with the special working and dilemmas of his black consciousness. Therefore, this paper gives an interpretive analysis of one of his most important elegies “The Diver,” which would serve as a methodological paradigm for the literary analysis of Hayden’s elegies and elegiac texts in general.

Portraying meaning is of more importance than using the right words only. This is what Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) was very well aware of. Within the short story The Tell-Tale Heart that consists of about four pages, Poe used 489 punctuation marks, a very considerable number. This paper attempts to stylistically analyze the meaning behind such punctuations, and how they represent the psychological conflict of the main character, using thereby Freud’s theories, along with a thorough evaluation on both the linguistic and literary dimension.