Al-Kufa University Journal for Biology

This study was conducted to evaluate the growth response of some fungi hyphae in PDA medium containing clove flower bud oil at concentrations of 0.000, 0.375, 0.750 and 1.125% and aqueous extract of flower buds at concentrations of 0, 5, 10 and 15%. Clove oil inhibited the growth of A. alternata, F. oxysporum and T. harzianum at concentrations of 1.125% to 0.00 cm, and it also inhibited the 0.375% concentration treatment, in which fungal growth reached 3.90, 4.33 and 3.10 cm, respectively. In the 0.750% concentration treatment, the growth of A.alternata and F.oxysporum reached 2.23 and 2.73 cm respectively, while the growth of T.harzianum reached 0.00 cm, compared with the 0.00% concentration, which reached 9 cm in both fungi. As for the aqueous extract of cloves, the concentration of 15% inhibited the growth of A.alternata, F.oxysporum and T.harzianum to 0.00 cm, while the concentration of 10% inhibited the growth of fungi to 1.76, 1.66 and 2.50 cm respectively, while the concentration of 5% inhibited the growth of fungi to 2.70, 3.50 and 6.61 cm respectively. Compared with the 0% concentration, which reached 9 cm in both fungi.

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is an autoimmune disease characterized by absolute insulin deficiency resulting destruction of islet beta cells. T1DM is frequently associated with autoimmune thyroid disease.
We have therefore investigated the prevalence of anti-thyroid peroxidase(anti-TPO) & anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg) antibodies in type 1 diabetic patients, and screened anti-thyroid antibodies and TSH, T3, & T4 levels, and to study the level of lipid profile in type 1 diabetic patients and its relation to anti-thyroid antibodies(anti-TPO & anti-Tg) .
Ninety subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus and thirty healthy as controls non-diabetics under the age of thirty years.
Blood samples were taken for investigation of thyroid function test by using Vitek Immune Diagnostic Assay System(VIDAS). Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay(ELISA) test to detect anti-thyroid antibodies(TPO & Tg).
Among 90 type 1diabetic patients 20(22.2%) were positive for anti-TPO and 7(7.7%) were positive for anti-Tg. There was a statistically no significant correlation between the levels of (anti-TPO & anti-Tg) and gender in type 1 diabetic patients (P value>0.820 and P value>0.972), respectively. Also we found another negative ( P value>0.05) correlation between (anti-TPO & anti-Tg) with age. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between TSH and (anti-TPO & anti-Tg) antibodies levels in type 1 diabetic patients( P value<0.05) at the same time was negative correlation between (T3& T4) levels and (anti-TPO & anti-Tg) levels, but statistically not significant( P value>0.05). on the other hand we found statistically significant negative ( P value>0.05) correlation between (anti-TPO & anti-Tg) levels and lipid profile levels in type 1 diabetic patients. Finally, the present study showed that there was statistically significant correlation between (anti-TPO) antibodies level and (anti-Tg) antibodies level ( P value<0.021).

This work was carried out in Kut Province, 250 km south east of Baghdad, Iraq during 2004-2005-2006 in highly infested plantations. Incidence of disease was recorded in 5136 date palms of many varieties growing in 30 orchards and disease incidence in some varieties was estimated on Feb., 2004. The fungicide Score 250 EC (Difenoconazole) was injected in trunks of palms (n=1386) in low rates (1.2 , 1.5 or 1.7 ml/palm mixed with 50 ml water) during Dec.,2005 – Jan.,2006. Incidence and severity of disease in treated palms were recorded on April, 2006. Results showed that all date palm varieties were susceptible with disease incidence ranged between 48.6 % (var. Zehdi) to 90.6 % (var. Braim) with a mean of 75.5 % , treatment with the fungicide reduced the mean of disease incidence from 75.5 % in untreated palms to 11.7 % with mean control efficacy of 83.9 %. Incidence of disease was reduced by fungicide application (1.7 ml/palm) from 90.6 % in untreated palms to 5.7 % with control efficacy of 93.7 %. These results permit recommendation an effective control of inflorescence rot of date palm by low rate (1.7 ml/palm) trunk injection of the fungicide Score 250 EC a systemic fungicide with high IPM fitness. Injection of fungicide in trees extremely minimizes pollution consequences associated with traditional chemical control applications.

Four concentrations of Ethrel (2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid),(0,200,400,600 )were used for ripening of Malus domestica cultivar ludai at two temperatures ( 10,20) oc ,for three period (6,12,18) days . It was found that the concentration 400 ppm of Ethrel at temperature 10 oc for 12 days to reduce the percentage of weight loss ,fruit decay and TSS which improved the fruit marketing and consumption . This concentration also increased the TSS percentage, reduced the fruit acidity significantly to reach to acceptable flavor, and tested .the concentration 200ppm at temperature 20 oc for 6 days also gave good results that was approximate to the recommended concentration.

The main aim of the research was to study the effect of erythropoietin excreted by the kidney in hematology and biochemical criteria related directly to anemia in patients with chronic kidney failure , undergoing hemodialysis therapy conducted in the artificial kidney departments in both Al-hakim & Sadr Hospital in Najaf City , starting on the first of August 2011 till the end of February 2012 .The study included (94) people of both sexes filling into two groups: The first group: consisted of (70) patients with chronic kidney failure , The control group consisted of (24) persons never suffered any kidney illness ,The two groups were compared Generally and then according to the sex , age and duration hemodialysis of therapy . Statistical analysis of results revealed that there was a significant decrement (P <0.05) in erythropoietin in patient with chronic kidney failure when compared with the control group , There were also significantly decreased (P <0.05) in the hemoglobin(HB) , pocket cell volumes (PCV) , total count of red blood cells (RBC) and total count of platelets when compared with control group