Iraqi Journal For Economic Sciences

The oil market has undergone substantial changes since June 2014, and the sharp fall in oil price has been driven by a number of factors on demand and supply sides.
The Paper will address the current situation and the outlook of oil market based on: world economic prospect and the pattern of growth, highlighting the increasing contribution of developing economies in world economy, and the demand of developing economies for energy in general, and crude oil, in particular.
Also, the paper would present the latest expansion of Non-OPEC supply of oil and the residual demand for OPEC Crude to assess the effect of excess supply on price. In addition to the income effect, weakening global demand for oil cannot be separated from the ongoing restructuring of energy sources, and global trend decline of energy intensity. Although, empirical verification would be the core of the research efforts, a theoretical approach will be presented and thoroughly discussed.

The gathering & economic, international ,regional entities form an important and necessary position and has an immense role to determinpe the situations & power controls to plan the policies in the assemblies & international boards with different aspects, that create it the opportunity to verify many aims that provide it the factors of grow & progress.
The successful methods for the economic, regional gathering, the European Union, has been formed in its beginning from six European State(France ,Germany ,Belgium, Netherland ,Luxemburg) within the(CEE) & (EURATOM) that has been done between them in Roma dated 25/March/1954.

The first expanding operation for European Union was in 1973, included(Denmark , England, Ireland) ,in1981 (Greece) joined to achieve the 2nd expansion , then (Spain, Portugal) in1986, the 3rd expansion has been expanded. Meanwhile, the 4th expansion has been happened in 1995, included (Austria, Finland& Sweden). But the 5th expansion for the Union was in 2004,is the biggest since the establishment , 10 States Eastern& Middle Europe has joined it(Poland ,Estonia, Slovenia ,Litany ,Slovakia, Hungary, Cyprus, Malta & Scheck) Eight previous communities States from Eastern Europe, Baltic, in addition to divided Cyprus & small Malta Island.
Today, the Europe Union has become the biggest unified market in the world, as population of (450) million , with an area of (4) Million K2; that made it to develop his countries & to find new gob opportunities to his citizens . at the same time, he has strengthened his power in the world when he obtained the rank; permitted him to give the best results for all the citizens in the international affairs to be a pioneer in it.
The expansion was the first , when has been joined like this number in one time, at the same time, include State from Europe & Eastern Europe.
But this large step has brought the worry for the Europe community, more than the comfort , as the 5th expansion doe to the nature of new affiliated countries.

There are many reasons behind the global displacement phenomenon. This phenomenon has many negative impacts on economic, social, ecological, and psychological aspects. This will raise the needs of setting global legal environment to safeguard the rights and provide necessary protection for the displaced people according to the international and human rights laws.
Iraq is one among of these countries witnesses internal movement of the population due to displacement factor. It causes are multiple, according to the four stages of displacement phenomenon. Starting with human right violations of the current political system practices, widespread of sectarian violence, wars, and the occupation of ISIS to some of the Iraqi governances. This generates huge numbers of displaced people in Iraq and creating a damaging burden on Iraqi economic, social, and demographic structures.
This fact needs to adopt fast humanitarian relief programs and humanitarian response policies to stabilize the situation and give return assurances to the displaced.
Iraqi government plan of 2016 recognized as one of the prominent action by the Iraqi authority to provide a framework of sustainable solutions to deal with the structural nature of the displacement crises in IRAQ

This research analyzed the effects of fluctuations in the general budget in Iraq on the educational sector indicators, to reveal the nature of the relationship between economic and educational sectors that are going through the educational budget Canal. After the educational sector financing has become purely government, fluctuations in the general budget began to reflect on growth the educational sector to form cycle identical economic cycle (Boom, recession). When the economic sector has witnessed rapid growth during the period (1974 - 1982) the educational sector, get a high proportion of the general budget, which led to an improvement in performance indicators in this sector. When economic growth indicators were low during the period (1983 - 2003) as a result of wars and international sanctions, the relative importance of the educational budget fell as a result of a shift in the priorities of government spending in favor of the military and security sectors, performance of the education sector declining and scored negative indicators in enrollment rates, , as well as structural imbalances in the school supply and especially school buildings and school supplies. Financial measures did not work during the period (2003 - 2013) to

All countries in the world put their budgets on an annual basis so that it can monitor the problems and imbalances that affect the economy, as well as knowledge of its financial assets, which makes the general budget as a financial statement for the potential liabilities faced by the country about the outside world.
Numerous forms of public budgets to be an important tool to assess the economic transactions locally and internationally, in order to limit the financial resources of the country in full (real cash transactions in the economy). So it should adopt one of the most important varieties of the country's economy and budget, so as to ensure effective treatment of the problems of the economy and the achievement of economic and social welfare.
Envisages the adoption of public budgets stimulate economic growth and increased levels of investment in order to creating suitable business environment is working to increase the accumulation of capital, and raising per capita GDP and the fight against poverty, as well as green environment support, in order to sustain development and financial sustainability a way that makes the financial resources of the country the largest of its commitments to economic units within and outside the country, which strengthens and supports the resulting structure and enhance the business and investment environment.

The population is one of the main sources of economic growth, man is the source of all scientific and technical developments' no man is just a scalar variable can be controlled for the purposes of economic development, it is a variable quantitatively and qualitatively affect and be affected by economic, social and environmental variables, so it became a matter of population growth occupies a special significance in most countries of the world, including developing countries.
The population growth rate in Iraq was marked by the rise, reaching 3% a year, in return we found the employment rate did not exceed 2%, in addition to the high unemployment rate of more than 46%, causing a rise in the proportion of dependents to depender at a percentage ( 221%), and this has affected the low per capita GDP, so the wages of many workers became less than or equal to the average wage of the poverty line, especially if we take into account price inflation rate, which amounted to more than (70%), for the year 2014, plus it has led to a decline in savings capacity of individuals, because of low incomes and high living costs.
All this to the indifference of the Iraqi government to the programs and development plans and effective prompt for the advancement of economic and human resources, so as to duecrease to decrease in government investment, which reached the rate of (5%), which assures us that there is no ambition for the government to improve the economic and social activity, at least currently, on the one hand and on the other hand, we found the proportion of the implementation government investment is very low and did not exceed the percentage (40%) despite the its low size, because of the lack of scientific and technical know-how among workers in the management and implementation of economic activity, "the production and investment", reaching the percentage with an university degree above (11 %), and this also leads us to the biggest danger reason to the future construction of economic and social activity, due to the high dropout rate of education for all levels, which was the greatest is dropping out of university education that percentage (89%), while the health services, as it turned out for us and clearly weakness and degradation of the population dramatically, due to the indifference of the state of the importance of this and its impact on the lives of the population sector, which resulted in the increase of disease, especially infectious ones , in addition to Qsramralansan in Iraq, where the death rate (65) years, which affected the decline in the productivity of the population because of the failure of state sponsors of human health services.
All These economic and social ones , in imbalances led to the lack of the elements of improving the economic and social activity and harmonization between them, and that will ensure the rationalization of the population growth rate commensurate with the requirements of economic growth with the need to promote good development plans to build a meaningful relationship between population and economic growth, but considering the population variable quantitatively and qualitatively it affects and is affected by economic and social variables.