Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

In this research, I studied the personal biography of Imam Al-Hafiz Ibrahim bin Muhammad bin Al-Harith Al-Kufi (d. 185 AH) and his narrations in the six books, an analytical study, and I took his narrations in the book of interpretation and supplication, and showed the graduation of the hadith, the study of the chain of transmission, the degree of the hadith in terms of health and weakness, and the types of chain of transmission, and I showed the strangeness of the hadith. Then he explained the hadith, and the most important things to be learned from the hadith.

The goal of the current research is to identify the effect of a proposed strategy according to active learning on mathematical representations among middle school students. To achieve the goal of the research, the two researchers adopted the experimental research method with two groups (experimental and control) with a post-test, and developed the following null hypothesis:
There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who studied with the proposed strategy according to active learning and the scores of the control group students who studied in the usual way in the mathematical representations test.
The research sample consisted of (66) students from the fifth scientific grade in Zulfiqar Scientific Preparatory School for Boys affiliated with the General Directorate of Education in Baghdad / Al-Karkh II, and the sample was distributed into two groups:
1. The experimental group included (34) students who studied with the proposed strategy according to active learning.
2. The control group included (32) students who studied in the usual way.
Equality was conducted between the two groups in the variables (previous achievement in mathematics, previous mathematical knowledge test, intelligence test, mathematical representations test), and for the purpose of collecting data for the experiment, the research tool represented by the mathematical representations test was built, consisting of (36) essay paragraphs, and analyzes were conducted. The appropriate statistics were used, and the psychometric properties of the test were confirmed. The results resulted in the superiority of the students of the experimental group who studied with the proposed strategy according to active learning over the students of the control group who studied in the usual way. In light of these results, a number of conclusions, recommendations and proposals were reached.

The current research aims to identify:
1- Ethical decision making among individuals recovering from addiction.
2- Beliefs of willpower among individuals recovering from addiction.
3- The significance of the difference in the relationship between moral decision-making and willpower beliefs among individuals recovering from Addiction in relation to age, educational attainment). To achieve the research goal:-
The researcher built an ethical decision-making scale based on theory and definition
(Trevito & Johnston 2018), if the researcher applied the scale to a sample of (240) recovered people, inBaghdad hospitals, and the scale consists of (24) items. The researcher also confirmed the scale (2010 Job) | Beliefs and willpower, as the number of items in the scale reached (12) items and the results were as follows: It can be judged that the degree of ethical decision-making among the research sample was high because it was within the standard. Certified for high grade. 2 - It can be judged that the degree of willpower complexes among the research sample was high because it was within the approved standard for a high degree. The relationship between the two variables is a direct, statistically significant relationship, meaning that the higher the individual’s willpower beliefs, the better.
His ethical decision making.
The research concluded by discussing the results and presenting some recommendations and proposals.

The research dealt with topics related to the human soul in the Holy Qur’an, the colors of self-struggle, methods of psychological construction of man, and the conditions of the human soul. The research was objective in collecting verses related to the topic and interpreting them according to the sayings of the commentators, the statements of scholars, and looking at the noble hadiths contained in the topic.

The research objective is to identify :The effect of Dorman’s strategy on the achievement of third-year intermediate students in biology and their, for the purpose of verifying the two objectives of the research, the researcher has developed the following two null hypothe: There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who study according to Dorman’s strategy and the average scores of the control group students who study according to the normal method in, the achievement test in Biology. Choosing the experimental method with partial control for two equal groups and the post-test for achievement. The research sample consisted of (81) students for the two groups. The two research groups were rewarded on the variables (chronological age, intelligence test, and previous information test in the biology subject. The scientific subject and behavioral objectives were also determined, and plans were prepared. Teaching for the two research groups, the number of which was (20) plans for each group. The achievement test in biology was prepared and consisted of (40) items, and it was completed Verifying the apparent reliability and the content reliability after presenting it to a group of arbitrators, and it was tested on two exploratory samples other than the research sample. and the results were reached: There is a statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the two experimental groups and control group in the achievement test in biology was in favor of the experimental group.

The research is a study, analysis, explanation, detail, and criticism of the poet’s life and his poetic poems, and a study of the most important causes of alienation and psychological and spatial alienation for the poet Saddam Fahd Al-Asadi. Alienation plays a large, distinctive, and influential role on the poet’s anxious, sad, and unstable psyche because of many of the circumstances that the poet experienced and because of the injustice and oppression that befell him. Pain and imprisonment And fighting and persecution because of his honorable patriotic stances. The research, from beginning to end, is a study, analysis and criticism of the phenomenon of alienation with all the meanings it carries within it. Then we reach an important conclusion that the life of the poet and the circumstances that he went through had effects and an important reason for the spread of the phenomenon of alienation in his collections of poetry.

This study deals with one of the methods of rhetoric, represented by the method of metonymy, and the effect of this method in producing the meaning of the noble Qur’an texts according to Mu’tazila interpreters. Since metonymy is linked to meaning, Mu’tazila tried in their interpretations to search for the meaning behind the image that was built using the method of metonymy, and in some images they explained Mu’tazila thought, such as denying anthropomorphism, making human action emanate from man and not from God Almighty, and other five Mu’tazila principles. Mu'tazila interpreted many Quran texts according to metonymy, and according to its three types, and explained its effect in producing the meaning of the text.

The basic structure for forming a human personality and building a correct society is to have good morals. It is also the best way to achieve happiness, and it is one of the most important principles of Islam, as it contributes to the education of souls and their attainment of perfection, and it has great positive effects on the level of life of the individual and society. Due to its importance, literature is not stripped of the spirit of morality, but rather it is considered a wide arena for the reflection of moral good deeds. In keeping with this, Al-Tughra’i Al-Isfahani, the poet of the Abbasid era, was not exempt from this matter, and his collection was not devoid of interest in good morals.
From this standpoint, this research may aim to study the good morals in the collection of al-Tughra’i al-Isfahani, classifying them into the five basic virtues by presenting examples of his verses, using the descriptive-analytical approach.
Through our study, it appeared that Al-Tughra’i’s poetry overflowed with moral good deeds and encouragement of them, and that his extreme care for those good deeds was manifested in various forms and purposes.

The goal of the current research is to know the nature and direction of the relationship between learning styles according to the Entwistle model and systemic intelligence among fifth-scientific grade students.To achieve this goal,the two researchers followed the correlational descriptive approach,and they built two scales:one of which was to measure learning styles according to the Entwistle model among students of the sample,and it consisted of (40 ) items distributed among the three types (deep, superficial,and strategic),and the second scale is to measure their systemic intelligence in its dimensions: (systemic awareness,harmony,contemplation,wise action,positive attitude, lively discovery,positive participation,effective response),and it consists of (32) items distributed across the eight mentioned dimensions,the research population was defined as fifth scientific grade male students in Preparatory and secondary day schools affiliated with General Directorate of Education, Baghdad/ Al-Karkh I.The research sample was chosen randomly and consisted of (196) students. The data was analyzed statistically by using the (SPSS-23), the t-test,the Cronbach alpha equation,and the Pearson correlation coefficient to verify the validity and reliability of the two scales.The two researchers reached at a number of results,which are:There is a positive,statistically significant correlation for the deep and surficial styles with systemic intelligence among Fifth scientific grade students,and there is no statistically significant relationship appeared between the strategic learning style according to the Entwistle model and systemic intelligence among the studies that address the relationship between the Entwistle model with other variables such as metacognitive thinking and twenty-first century skills.

The reality of death in the Qur’anic verses comes with many meanings: the annihilation of everyone except God Almighty, there is no escape from death and the response of God Almighty’s decree, the revival of the dead is in the hand of God Almighty, the life-giving call for the resurrection of all the dead for the Day of Judgment, the continuous revival of the death of the earth and man, the inevitability of resurrection and resurrection for the Day of Resurrection. Death, life, and refuting the belief of the Atheists, Death's pursuit of man, man's appointment with death, death as a bridge between God Almighty and His servants, the reality of death and life in the Barzakh, the death and life of the pious and the ungodly and the taking of their souls, death and the divine test for man, and as for the reality of death in interpretations, death and raising the individual in righteousness and piety: manifestations of the Resurrection. To Abraham, peace be upon him, by reviving the dead, denying resurrection after death among the previous nations, death is the end of every living person except God, the trance of death is beyond doubt, bringing down the collective annihilation of the tyrannical nations.

The research aims to identify Wisdom-based thinking among middle school teachers The research community consisted of all female teachers in the middle schools in the first Baghdad Al-Karkh Education School in the Baghdad Governmental Governorate, who numbered (3504) schools, and a random stratified sample of (200) schools was chosen, with a percentage of (5%) from the population. Total search.wisdom-based thinking was prepared by identifying eight dimensions of wisdom and included (40) items. The data collected from the respondents’ answers to the items of the two tools was processed statistically using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for data processing. The statistical methods inquired: (Chi-square test, t-test for two independent samples, t-test for one sample, Pearson correlation coefficient, Cronbach’s alpha equation,The results is The availability of wisdom-based thinking among middle school teachers .

Health is a crucial aspect of human life for all age groups, and its significance grows with age. As individuals age and their physical functions begin to deteriorate and weaken due to the body's diminishing ability to resist external influences. Moreover, the majority of health problems that afflict the elderly are the accumulation of years of neglect, making them more dangerous for this population group due to their weakened resistance and increased susceptibility to diseases.
To achieve the objectives of the study, data was collected from a field study conducted in the study area in 2023. This data was then analyzed, and percentages were extracted from tables and charts to illustrate the health problems which the elderly suffered from, in Al-Mahmoudiya District. The field study showed that the majority of the elderly suffer from various diseases, with chronic illnesses being the most prevalent.

Ahmed Al-Waeli, the great Iraqi poet, is one of the most prominent contemporary Husseini orators and preachers, to the point that he was called the dean of the Husseini pulpit. This research aims to study the alace styles and its grammatical, semantic, and rhetorical impact in the poetry of Ahmed Al-Waeli, based on the descriptive and analytical method. The research reached results, including that the most frequently used shortening methods in the collection is the method of negation and exception. The reason for this is that the poet is always in situations that require... Among it is the prohibition of matters that contradict the Sharia, and calling society to what it deems to be good for people, in addition to expressing monotheism and restricting worship to God alone, and the method of denial and exception is one of the most powerful methods for expressing these meanings. As for limiting the method (but) its presence in the Diwan was less. It is one of the rest of the known short tools, and the reason for its lack of occurrence is that the short word (inma) includes the meaning of negation and exception.

ئه‌م توێژینه‌وه‌ی ئێستا بۆ زانینی "كاریگه‌ری ستراتیژی پرسیاری كارته‌كانه‌ له‌ ده‌ستكه‌وتی بابه‌تی خوێندنه‌وه‌ی كوردی نوێ لای قوتابییانی پۆلی چواره‌می بنه‌ڕه‌تی" توێژه‌ر پشتی به‌ نه‌خشه‌ی ئه‌زموونی بۆ هه‌ردوو كۆمه‌ڵه‌ی ئه‌زموونی و كۆنتڕۆڵكراو به‌ستووه‌، له‌ نه‌خشه‌ی كۆنتڕۆڵكردنی به‌شه‌كی تاقیكردنه‌وه‌ی كۆتاییه‌ بۆ ده‌ستكه‌وتی خوێندن.
توێژه‌ر توێژینه‌وه‌كه‌ی له‌سه‌ر نموونه‌ی قوتابییانی پۆلی چواره‌می ئاماده‌یی له‌ ئاماده‌یی (ئه‌بی غریب بۆ كوڕان) جێبه‌جێكردوه‌، كه‌ پێكهاتووه‌ له‌ (60) قوتابی، به‌ ڕێگای هه‌ڕه‌مه‌كی ساده‌ توێژه‌ر هۆبه‌ی (ب) هه‌ڵبژاردووه‌ بۆ نواندنی كۆمه‌ڵه‌ی ئه‌زموونی ژماره‌ی گه‌یشتووه‌ به‌ (30) قوتابی، هۆبه‌ی (ئـ) كۆمه‌ڵه‌ی كۆنتڕۆڵكراو ده‌نوێنێت، ژماره‌یان لە (30) قوتابی پێکهاتبوو، توێژه‌ر تاقیكردنه‌وه‌ی ده‌ستكه‌وتی كۆتایی ئاماده‌كردووه‌، له‌ (30) بڕگه‌ له‌ جۆری تاقیكردنه‌وه‌ له‌ فره‌ وه‌ڵام پێكهاتووه‌، دوای دانانی نمره‌كان و شیكاركردنیان و چاره‌سه‌ركردنی ئاماری، به‌و ئه‌نجامه‌ی خوراوه گه‌یشتووه‌: سه‌ركه‌وتنی قوتابییانی كۆمه‌ڵه‌ی ئه‌زموونی كه‌ بابه‌تی خوێندنه‌وه‌ی كوردی نوێییان به‌پێی ستراتیژی پرسیاری كارته‌كان خوێندووه‌، به‌سه‌ر قوتابییانی كۆمه‌ڵه‌ی كۆنتڕۆلكراو كه‌ هه‌مان بابه‌تییان به‌ ڕێگای ئاسایی له‌ تاقیكردنه‌وه‌ی ده‌ستكه‌وتی كۆتایی خوێندووه‌،
* توێژه‌ چه‌ند ڕاسپارده‌یه‌كی كردووه‌، له‌وانه‌: - جه‌ختكردنه‌ سه‌ر وشیاری مامۆستایانی بابه‌تی زمانی كوردی و هاندانیان له‌سه‌ر به‌كارهێنانی ستراتیژی پرسیاری كارته‌كان و گرنگی له‌ گه‌شه‌پێدان و به‌رزكردنه‌وه‌ی ئاستی ده‌ستكه‌وتی قوتابییان.
كوردی و مه‌یلییان.

ئەم توێژینەوەیە (كاریگەری ستراتیجیەتی كۆڵۆمبۆ لە تێگەیشتنی خوێندنەوە لە بابەتی خوێندنەوەی كوردی نوێ لای خوێندكارانی پۆلی چوارەمی ئامادەیی وهاوبیریاندا) توێژەر دیزاینی كۆنترۆڵی بەشەكی پەیڕەوكردووە بۆ دووگرووپی سەربەخۆ ئەزموونی و كۆنترۆڵكراو بەتاقیكردنەوەی پاشەكی.
كۆمەڵگای توێژینەوەكە پێكهاتووە لە خوێندكارانی پۆلی چوارەمی ئامادەیی لە خوێندنگا ئامادەیی و دواناوەندیە ڕۆژانەكانی ناوەندی پارێزگای بەغداد ، وە لەنێوان هەر شەش بەڕێوەبەرایەتیە گشتیە پەروەردەكاندا توێژەر بەڕێوەبەرایەتی گشتی پەروەردەی كەرخی/یەكەمی هەڵبژاردووە كەرتی (القادسیە) ، وەتیایدا (دواناوەندی نبوغی كچانی) هەڵبژاردووە بەمەبەست، نموونەی تویژینەوەكە لە (60) خوێندكار پێك هاتووە لە خوێندكارانی پۆلی چوارەمی ئامادەیی كە بەهەڕەمەكی دابەشكراون ، بەجۆرێك (30) لە گرووپی ئەزموونی ستراتیجیەتی كۆڵۆمبۆ دەخوێنن وە (30) لە گرووپی كۆنترۆڵكراو كە بە رێگای ئاسایی دەخوێنن .
وە توێژەر هەستاوە بە ئامادەكردنی تاقیكردنەوەیەك بۆ تێگەیشتنی خوێندنەوە كە( ٢٢) بڕگە لە خۆدەگرێت لە چوار پرسیاردا و لە نێوان هەر سێ ئاستەكەی تێگەیشتندا ( پیتی ، نادیار ، واتای وشە ، بەستێن ) ، پرسیاری یەكەم بریتی بوو لە هەڵبژاردن ، و پرسیاری پێكهێنانی ڕستە بوو، وە پرسیاری پڕكردنەوەی بۆشایی بوو ، و پرسیاری چوارەم پێك گەیاندنی وشەكان،خستیە بەردەست شارەزاو پسپۆڕان و دڵنیابوویەوە لە ڕاستێتی و جێگیری و هێزی جیاكەرەوە بڕگەكانی، ئاستەنگی، وكارایی جێگرەوە هەلەكان ، پاشان تاقیكردنەوەیەكی ئامادەكرد لە هاوبیریدا كەحەوت بنەڕەتی لەخۆ گرتووە . ستراتیجیەتی ، كۆڵۆمبۆ ، هاوبیریاندا .

Writing is an exceedingly complicated cognitive activity in which the writer must display simultaneous control over multiple factors. Effective writing skills may increase students’ chances of success. Writing is a vital part of language. This present study designs to investigate the correlation between metacognitive regulation and writing performance among Iraqi EFL University students. A random sample of 360 students from several Iraqi universities (including Baghdad, Basra, and Mosul), colleges of education, and English departments was chosen throughout the academic year (2022-2023). Data is collected using two instruments: a questionnaire to examine metacognitive regulation and a writing test is conducted to assess their performance in written English. A correlational analysis is employed to investigate the relationship between metacognitive regulation and writing performance. The data suggest that Iraqi EFL university students have a good level of metacognitive regulation. Furthermore, the study found a positive correlation between metacognitive regulation and writing performance, indicating that students recognise the importance of monitoring their own comprehension and language production, effectively planning their tasks, and evaluating their performance in order to improve their skills. It demonstrates that students are actively engaging in metacognitive processes to enhance their learning outcomes.

This paper aims to investigate presentational devices that are considered maneuvering strategies and explore how Bassim Yousif employs these devices to win the public's support in his interview with Piers Morgan. The data is collected from YouTube. The study concentrates on the pragmatic and stylistic strategies that Bassim Yousif utilized in the selected interview. The study finds out that Bassim Yousif uses speech acts of accusation, warning, criticism, and request to persuade the audience about the discussed issue. Furthermore, utilizing figures of speech helps him make his arguments more effective. Finally, employing argumentative appeals is crucial in evoking the public's feelings and building trust and credibility with the audience.

Ambivalent sexism reflects the gendered identity of men and women in the American and British proverbs. The main targeted entity that is portrayed as weak and dependent on men is women. Women’s degradation has been a developing area in feminist critical discourse analysis and the critical theory of linguistics. This paper has applied the theoretical framework of feminist theory to represent male chauvinism in English proverbs. Qualitative and quantitative research methods are used to overcome any drawbacks of adopting one method. Moreover, Fairclough’s (1989/1992) model of power and dominance, Lazar (2007/2014) model of feminist criticism, and Glick and Fisk’s (1996/1997) theory of ambivalent sexism have been adapted to criticize the way women are perceived in proverbs and to emancipate women from the traditional gender roles. The interpretation of the frequencies and percentages has shown that males are the controlling group whether from the appearance, social roles, the inherent nature or biological sex and women as wives. This identification and seeking to equate women with men throughout feminist critical discourse analysis have not been tackled before in the American and British culture from the gender-based analysis perspective.

Beginning this linguistic quest involving a complex journey down the mazes of the sentence conditional (modern English and Arabic poems), this paper intends to uncover the fascinating pattern of its web in terms of the present day. Linguistic entities, blessed with a diversity of layers and compounds that continue to evolve over their structures, signify undeniable gatekeepers to poetic meanings. Through investigating the intersection of these three selected poems across these examples of ancient traditions, this study strives to detect, and maybe even solve, the riddles and enigmas which hide themselves behind the rules and regulations of conditional language. With one single utensil such as syntax or semantics, the research here seeks to decipher what is not obvious and how the use of disparate combinations of words by the poets is meant to not only evoke emotions but also create imagery.

Numerous studies have indicated that Iraqi EFL students struggle with reading comprehension. Therefore, an experiment was carried out to find out whether the PQ4R strategy (Preview – Question – Read – Reflect – Recite – Review) may help Iraqi students become more proficient readers. In order to accomplish this, two groups of students from preparatory schools are chosen at random and given equal weights in a number of significant characteristics. The PQ4R strategy is used to teach reading comprehension to the experimental group during the 15-week experiment, while conventional instruction is given to the control group. Students in both groups take a post-test to gauge their reading comprehension at the end of the experiment.
The study's findings show that the experimental group's reading comprehension of EFL students differs statistically significantly from that of the control group. A series of conclusions and instructional suggestions are made in light of the findings.