Thi-Qar University Journal for Agricultural Researches

This study was conducted to determine the optimum concentration of the biomass of the
cyanobacteria (Oscillatoria tenuis) which supports the MS medium prepared for shoot multiplication
and rooting of potato plant Desiree cultivar from the culture of sprout explants via in vitro. The results
showed that all concentrations of the cyanobacteria biomass extract + MS medium led to a 100%
response to shoot formation after 60 days of culture. The 60% of the cyanobacteria biomass extract to
the MS medium led to recording the largest number of shoots, reaching 8.8 shoots per explant, The
20% and 40% cyanobacteria biomass concentrations + MS medium treatments were significantly
superior in average shoot length and number of leaves compared to the other two treatments, which
amounted to 10.02 cm and 5.1 leaves per shoot and 10.48 cm and 5.0 leaves per shoot, respectively.
The control treatment and the 20% cyanobacteria biomass concentration + MS Medium treatment did
not produce any stolons from the shoots after 60 days of culture. The 40% and 60% cyanobacteria
biomass concentration + MS medium treatments had stolons growing from the shoot site in contact
with the nutrient medium. The stolon tips began to swell until microtubers were formed 60 days after
culturing. The 60% cyanobacteria biomass concentration + MS Medium treatment was significantly
superior in the average number of stolons, the number of microtubers, and the microtuber weight,
which amounted to 4.6 stolons per shoot, 4.6 stolons per shoot, and 0.32g, respectively. The shoots
were cultured in all treatments responded to rooting 60 days after culturing. The treatment 60%
cyanobacteria biomass concentration + MS medium recorded the highest response to rooting of the
shoots, the average number of roots, and root length which reached 100%, 5.8 roots per shoot, and. 6.2
cm, respectively.

The study was conducted in the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Fadak Agricultural Company, Basrah,
Iraq. Mother plants of the “Festival” gerbera cultivar were used for micropropagation by taking the
shoot tip explants. The concentration of 2 mgL-1
benzyl adenine (BA) resulted in recording the highest
percentage of response to callus induction, reaching 90%, which was significantly superior to the other
two treatments, 1 and 1.5mgL-1 BA. The 1 mgL-1 BA treatment was significantly superior in response
to indirect shoot generation when compared with the 1.5 and 2 mgL-1 BA treatments. The 1 mgL-1 BA
treatment recorded the highest percentage of response to shoot growth induced by callus, which
reached 100%. The treatment of callus grown in MS medium supplied with BA concentration of 1
mgL-1
recorded the highest average number of shoots, which reached 10 shoots per 50 mg of callus.
The MS medium treatment supplied with a concentration of 0.5 mgL-1
of naphthalene acetic acid
(NAA) was significantly superior to the other two treatments of 1 and 1.5 mgL-1 NAA in the
percentage of shoot response to root formation. The concentration of 0.5mgL-1 NAA recorded the
highest response to root formation, which reached 100%. The treatment of the MS medium supplied
with a concentration of 0.5 mgL-1 NAA was significantly superior to the treatments of 1 and 1.5 mgL-1
NAA in the average number of main roots formed on the shoots. This treatment recorded the highest
average of main roots, amounting to 3.2 main roots shoot-1

This examination delves into the many-sided transaction between two key development controllers,
BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), exploring their aggregate
effect on shoot induction in the in vitro development of the esteemed potato cultivar Arizona. The
study is fastidiously designed to unwind the nuanced effect of these controllers on shoot
commencement inside a controlled lab setting.Potato micropropagation stands as a fundamental feature
of horticultural advancement, and the feeling of proficient shoot development fills in as a crucial stage
in this cycle. The exceptional development attributes of Cultivar Arizona provide an ideal stage for
assessing the synergistic impacts of BAP and 2,4-D on the commencement and multiplication of
shoots. By carefully noticing and measuring the reaction of potato explants to fluctuating focuses and
mixes of BAP and 2,4-D, this study expects to discern ideal conditions conducive to enhanced shoot
development. Through detailed analysis and observation, the research seeks to contribute valuable
insights into refining in vitro cultivation methodologies for potato propagation, aiming at elevating
efficiency and yield.

Some Arab countries have faced many problems in the growth of the economy, which depends largely
on agricultural production, food industries, marketing and electronic commerce. This review came to
extract the most important advantages and obstacles to the application of digitalization techniques in the
agricultural production sector, food industries, and electronic marketing to identify them in a deductive
manner. It has become clear that the most important obstacles facing the application of digitization are
the legal legislation related to the application of digitization techniques, as well as digital illiteracy in
rural society in particular, in addition to the deterioration of the infrastructure necessary for the
application of digitization techniques. It recommended that a long-run strategy developed to apply
digitalization techniques in agricultural production, food industries, marketing and electronic commerce.
As well as developing human capital, especially in rural areas, to provide an appropriate technical
environment to achieve development in agricultural production and food industries to contribute to
economic growth

This research was investigate the effects of Foeniculum Vulgare (F.V) powder on antioxidant
enzyams, , height of the villus to the depth of the villi in the jejunum region of grill chicks. A sum of 144
one-day old chicks (Ross 308)were used in the experiment and randomly distributed into twelve cages (
12 birds / cage). It was contained four treatments (T1: regular feed without any addition, T2: regular feed
supplemented with 10 gm of F.V powder / kg of ration, T3: regular feed with 15 gm of F.V powder/kg
of ration and T4: regular feed with 20 gm of F.V powder/kg of ration. Results showed The effect of
F.Vulgare adding on the activity of some liver enzymes in the blood serum of broilers that there are
significant differences (P<0.05) between the treatments. as it showed a significant increase in the activity
enzyme ( SOD ,GPX).
The effectiveness of malondihyde acid (MDA) in blood serum was measured, as the results of the table
show that there is a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the effectiveness of acid (MDA) in blood serum
for the addition treatments .And the villus height, villus depth, and the ratio of villus height to villus
depth in the jejunum of broilers indicates a highly significant superiority (P<0.05) in villus height,
villus depth, and the ratio between villus height to villus depth for the jejunum area for the treatments
to which fennel was added compared to the treatment .

Sandponic is a developed technology working for the prosperity of food security. It means
growing plants and fish together in a recycling environmental system which uses natural bacterial cycles
to use fish waste as plant nutrition. Eggplant is regarded as the most important Solanaceae crops because
their nutritional benefits. This plant is a major crop in both temperate and tropical regions in this world.
Eggplant – French Flomorin varity- was planted in sandponic boards and natural ground. Five plants
were selected randomly from each experimental unit in the green-growth phase and the indicators of the
green-growth were recorded. The results showed that there are significant differences in the height of the
plant regarding the water quality, temporal period and the interaction between them. The quality of water
without fish recorded the highest mean of plant height, whereas the period 140 days after growing
recorded the highest mean of the plant length in comparison with the period 70 days from the growing
time. In addition, the study results indicated significant differences in the number of the plant leaves for
each the water quality, temporal period and the interaction between them. That is, the number of leaves
in plants irrigated with water without fish was the highest in comparison with the number of leaves of
the plants irrigated with fish water. Concerning the temporal period, the period of 140 days from the
growing recorded the highest mean of leaves number in comparison with the period of 70 days since the
time of growing. Regarding flowers number, the results showed significant differences in the mean of
water quality and no significant differences in the temporal period and the interaction between them. The
results recorded the highest number of flowers after 70 days from growing in comparison with their
number after 140 days from growing. Also, it appeared that the highest number of flowers in plants
irrigated with water without fish compared with those irrigated with water having fish. The results
showed that there were significant differences between water quality, temporal period and interaction
between them concerning the plant height and leaves number. Regarding to the number of flowers, the
study results indicated that there significant differences of water quality only, whereas -in regard to
temporal period and interaction between them, no significant differences were shown by the results.

Maize (Zea mays L.) cultivation faces challenges with compaction due to mechanical tillage, which
affects the physical properties of the soil necessary for growth. This pressure from interactions between
machinery and soil during plowing modifies bulk density, resistance to root penetration, and the
amount of penetrating water. Extended tires play a vital role in this process. This chapter examines this
complex relationship and focuses on its deleterious effects on corn root growth, nutrient availability,
and overall grain performance. Although studies show significant yield reductions under severe stress,
the globally agreed critical level remains elusive, and further research into soil dynamic factors
affecting maize productivity is warranted. This vision describes strategies for improving agricultural
practices in the face of the challenges of mechanized tillage. Soil compaction, one of the major
concerns in corn cultivation, profoundly affects plant growth. Mechanical stresses resulting from tillage
modify soil properties and affect bulk density, root penetration, and water movement. Compacted soil
limits access to air and water and prevents root respiration and nutrient uptake. This multifaceted
limitation results in poor seed germination, reduced yield, and increased susceptibility to root diseases.
Mitigation strategies include reduced tillage, precision agriculture, conservation tillage, and deep
tillage. Although some pressure can be beneficial for fluid retention, excessive levels pose risks. The
comprehensive approach includes soil assessment, controlled rotation tillage, cover crops, mechanical
aeration, optimal equipment design, and continuous monitoring. Education and adaptive practices are
essential for sustainable management of soil compaction.

Humic substances (HS) are a major component of organic matter in soil, and they have long been
recognized for their ability to promote plant growth in a sustainable manner. Recently, there has been a
lot of effort put into using multiple approaches to study the connection between the chemical structure
of HS compounds and their effect on plant biological processes. Positive physiological responses at the
local and systemic levels have been linked to the presence of specific functional groups in HS.
Hormone-like signaling pathways are responsible for eliciting these reactions. This review was written
with one goal in mind: to help readers gain a firm grasp on the research surrounding the application of
HSs. The spatial arrangement of hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions, as well as the dosage, source,
molecular size, degree of hydrophobicity, and aromaticity, all contribute significantly to HS's
biological efficacy. Therefore, our hypothesis explains the beneficial effect of HS in salt-affected
rhizospheres, likely attributed to both direct and indirect influences on plant metabolism, soil
microorganism metabolism, soil nutrient uptake dynamics, and soil physical conditions.

The frequency and distribution pattern of Bacillus cereus in cow soft cheese were investigated indifferent regions in
Kirkuk. 50 Pooled soft cheeses samples for five months in Kirkuk were collected during February until June (2020), ten
samples collected from different regions for five months were contaminated with B. cereus Based on cultural,
morphological, and biochemical characteristics, Susceptiple to resistant genotypes 31 isolates 15(48)% were resistant
to Ampicillin ,ClX, AZM and VA but mostly sensitive to VA; versus 8(4.50)% in the 5 month were isolates 10 and then
7 (42.8)% ) resistance to antibiotics from the 4 months and isolates 6(50)% ) from 3 months. Total bacterial Count
were a significant effect between of soft cheese samples ranges from 5.2 x 104
to 5.68 x 1011 CFU/g. These results are
higher than Iraqi Quality Standards (Microbiological Limits in Food IQS(ICOSQC ,1988)especially in June 5th months
were mean 6.63 CFU/g. The microbiological results indicated that showed the highest total bacteria counts were
indicate of adequate preventive measures and personnel hygiene in dairy processing lines to minimize B. cereus load
for better hygienic and keeping quality of soft cheese.

A field experiment was conducted at the College of Agriculture, University of Basrah's research
station in Garmat Ali during 2022 agricultural season. The study aimed to investigate the impact of
three types of fertilizers (commercial NPK as a control and two types of prepared NPK-Chitosan
organic fertilizers) at four addition levels (0, 1, 1.5, and 2 ton ha-1
) and two levels of organic matter
(0% and 2.5%) on the availability of nitrogen and potassium in loam sandy soil and yield of corn (Zea
mays L.).
The results indicated a significant effect of fertilizer type on increasing Phosphorus and Potassium
Content of corn plant. The highest values of Phosphorus and Potassium Content for corn were 6.15 and
47.07 gm kg-1
respectively for the added fertilizer type. The NPK-Chitosan fertilizer in a 1:3 coating
ratio achieved the, 3.62 and 31.01 kg ha-1
, respectively, followed by the treatment of NPK-Chitosan
fertilizer with a 1:3 mixing ratio and a fertilizer level of 2 tons/ha, which yielded The results showed a
significant effect of fertilizer level on increasing Phosphorus and Potassium Content of the corn plants.
Phosphorus and Potassium Content increased with higher levels of added fertilizer. The level 2
achieved the highest values of Phosphorus and Potassium Content for the vegetative part corn plants,
reaching 2 tons per hectare.4.22 and 37.91 gm kg-1
, and with a significant difference from level 1 and
1.5 tons per hectare, level 2 also outperformed level 0 tons per hectare (the control treatment).
Similarly, the organic matter showed a significant effect the results indicated a significant interaction
between the type and level of fertilizer, as well as the level of added organic matter to the soil, on
Phosphorus and Potassium Content of the yellow corn plants. The NPK-Chitosan fertilizer with a 1:3
coating ratio added at the level of 2 tons per hectare outperformed the other treatments, yielding the
highest phosphour contentand grain yield.

The current study was designed on 24 birds (12 birds for each type) In the anatomical part reported that the
small intestine in both birds Harrier (Circus cyaneus) and Partridge (Alectoris chukka) consisted from 3 segments;
duodenum, jejunum and ileum with no any demarcation between them. Both ratio of intestinal length to body
length and of intestinal weight to body weight was higher in partridge than those in Harrier. In histological study
showed in three parts of small intestine the wall was constituted of similar histological layers; these are mucosa,
submucosa, muscularis and serosa. There were same in structure of these tunics but differences in several
Histomorphometric measurements of each tunica. In all parts of small intestine of partridge the goblet cell more
than those in Harrier and there were increasing in the number toward the end of intestine of these cell in both
birds for lubricant role. Histochemically of this study showed that in crypts and villi of all small intestinal parts
of both birds the secretion of goblet cell is neutral mucin in nature because it showed negative reaction to Alcian
blue stain and positive to PAS stain.

This study was conducted during the 2023 growing season in one of the private orchards in Thi - Qar
Governorate, with the aim of studying the effect of spraying fruits with concentrations of the growth
stimulant Bio 20 (0, 2, and 4) ml L-1
and the percentages of fruit thinning (0, 15, and 30)% and their
interactions in some physiological and physical characteristics of date palm fruits of the Shuwaithi
cultivar in the Rutab stage. The experiment was carried out as a factorial experiment according to a
Completely Randomized Block Design with six replications to calculate the studied traits.
Concentrations of the growth stimulant Bio 20 were sprayed and the thinning process was performed
after (21) days of pollination and upon completion set the fruits with (6) sprays between one and the next
(14 days) until the start of the coloring stage.
The results can be summarized as follows:
The results of the study showed that spraying with the growth stimulant Bio 2o achieved a significant
increase in most of the physiological and physical characteristics studied , and the concentration (4 ml L
-
1
) recorded the highest averages for : ripening percentage (82.41%), bunch weight (11.16 kg), and fruit
weight (11.40 gm). ) and the length and diameter of the fruit (3.76 cm, 2.18 cm), respectively, and the
fruit size (10.53 cm3
). In addition, it recorded the lowest average with a significant difference for the
percentage of fruit drop (25.58%).
The thinning percentage (30%) achieved a significant increase in : ripening percentage (84.05%), bunch
weight (10.02 kg), fruit weight (11.35 g), fruit length (3.59 cm), fruit diameter (2.12 cm), and fruit size
(10.33 cm3
). In addition, it recorded the lowest averages with a significant difference in the percentage
of fruit drop (22.65%).
As for the effect of the interaction treatment between the concentration of the growth stimulant Bio 20
(4 ml L-1
) and the thinning percentage (30%), it was significant in giving the highest averages of
physiological and physical characteristics during the Rutab stage

This study aimed to examine the histomorphological and histochemical characteristics of the uterine
tubes in premature female local goats. For this particular investigation, a total of 10 samples of uterine
tubes were used. These samples were obtained from slaughterhouses and were taken from individuals
aged between 3 and 5 months. The histological technique involved the execution of a standard approach
to prepare histological sections. This was achieved by applying both general and particular Histochemical
stains. Uterine tube samples were obtained and stored using a solution of 10% neutral buffered formalin
for preservation. Immediately after collection, we conducted measurements of the uterine tube's gross
morphology, weight, and length. By employing the methodology of standard histology procedure.
Histochemical sections were prepared using both general and specific histochemical stains. The gross
examination showed the presence of bilateral uterine tubes consisting of a thick, short, coiled preampulla,
a thin, long ampulla, and the isthmus, which is the smallest and straightest section connecting to the
uterus. Under microscopic examination, three distinct regions were identified based on variations in their
histological characteristics. The data showed that the uterine tubes in kittens were not fully grown, while
immature does exhibited significant histological and histochemical changes compared to kittens. On the
other hand, mature does indicated that the post-weaning phase plays a crucial role in the development of
the animals. The histochemical method specifically identified changes, with a particularly significant
positive reaction observed in the isthmus region, which clearly reacted with PAS, AB, and a combination
of PAS-AB. To summarise, the latest data revealed distinct variations in the uterine tubes of local rabbits
compared to other mammals, particularly those belonging to the rodentia species.The uterine tube
exhibited a statistically significant increase in thickness (P<0.05).The uterine tube was subjected to
histochemical analysis utilising Haematoxylin and eosin, Alcian blue, Masson trichrome, Periodic acid,
and Schiff reagent (PAS) stains.

The fuel consumption, the energy requirement, the time of prepare seedbed, the tractor wheel slippage
and the number of passes in the field, all of this factors make farmers choose more efficient methods of
plowing. Compound tillage is the solve and the method means that two, three or more different
plowing tools are work at one time for plowing soil, pulverization, seeding and fertilize, the aid of this
way, reduce the drudgery, number and saving time of field operations. The primary (conventional) and
secondary tillage implements are becoming expensive time, fuel and costs, additional, needs several
passes to prepare seedbed, which increase compaction and damage of the soil and leads to formation
the hard pan in the soil due to tractor and machines movement. The farmers size of field holdings in
Iraq is middle or usually small, the way of increase the width of tools or speed is less useful and
effective, therefore, reduce and shorten the number of traffic or passes by use a combination tillage
implements consider better solution. Compound tillage saving cost of 44 - 55 %, time of 50 - 55 % and
enables the farmers to reduce the number of trips over the field, also, shortage of farm labor. Carrying
out the tillage process by compound tillage with two or more equipment to reduce time, fuel
consumption and power requirement for prepare the best seedbed. In this review, various paper
researches on combination tillage implements will be discussion.

Infectious bursal disease, causing immunosuppression in chickens, poses significant financial
challenges to the poultry sector. The onset of clinical symptoms and viral shedding is influenced by
factors such as age, immunological condition, route of infection, and virus type. In this study, one
hundred suspected infectious bursal disease (IBD) cases from nineteen chicken farms were examined,
resulted in an overall positive rate of approximately 80%. Clinical signs in affected birds included
ruffled feathers, decreased appetite, diarrhea, and a dirty vent, with hemorrhage seen on thigh muscles.
Identification was done based on molecular methods, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and gross
pathological observations. Ten samples were randomly selected and tested using specific IBD primers.
All those samples were positive, despite the absence of a known cure for IBD, preventive measures,
including immunization and rigorous biosecurity protocols, can help mitigate its impact. The study
underscores the importance of molecular techniques by using special Primer Design for diagnosing
reassortant very virulent IBDv sttain in natural infected broiler in Iraq(data don’t mention). offering
insights into its prevalence and the effectiveness of preventive measures.

After harvesting the crop of broad beans grown in one of the orchards in Al-Hartha region, Basrah, Iraq
for the agricultural season 2023-2024, the pods were separated to obtain the seeds by removing the
pod, then the seeds were divided into three parts. A part of the seeds was treated by dipping in
pomegranate peel extract at a concentration of 3 ml l‾¹ for 5 minutes,. The second part of seeds was
dipped in calcium at a concentration of 2 ml l‾¹ for 5 minutes. The last part was dipped in distilled
water only for 5 minutes. After the seeds dried, they were packed in perforated polyethylene bags (8
holes of 5 mm diameter ) with an amount of 1 kg per bag and stored at a temperature of 4 °C for two
weeks. The experiment was carried out as factorial experiment consisting of two factors, using
Complete Rondomize Design (CRD) with 3 replicates. The results showed that 2 ml l‾¹ calcium
treatment was the best in reducing the weight loss of seeds and recording the highest percentage of total
soluble solids and protein, while the treatment of pomegranate peel extract was superior to the rest
treatments in recorded the highest vitamin C. The results also showed that the two mentioned
treatments did not record any significant decay after two weeks of storage compared to the control
treatment. The weight loss of seeds, the percentage of decay, and the total soluble solids increased
with increasing storage period, while the protein percentage and vitamin C concentration decrease with
increasing storage period.

The experiment was conducted during the agricultural seasons of 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 in the field
belonging to the Agricultural Research Station at the College of Agriculture, University of Basra,
Karima Ali. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of two hybrids (Matsuri and 2004),
three seedling ages (30, 45, and 60 days), and five concentrations of garlic water extract (10, 20 mL L1 of local garlic variety and 10, 20 mL L-1 of Chinese garlic variety), with a control treatment (0).
There were a total of 30 experimental treatments conducted as a split-plot design with two replications
using a complete randomized block design.
Matsuri hybrid exhibited significant superiority over the 2004 hybrid in leaf area, leaf count, lateral
shoot weight, lateral shoot diameter, and lateral shoot count for both seasons. Moreover, the 30-day-old
seedlings showed significant superiority over the other ages in all studied traits for both seasons.
Additionally, the treatment with 20 mL L-1 of Chinese garlic extract significantly outperformed the
other spray concentrations for both seasons. Some pairwise interactions had significant effects on the
study traits, while others were not significant.

Gill diseases, including those associated with gill infections, are some of the most common and severe
health issues in farmed and wild fish. The occurrence of disease in the same location can result in fish
from different phylogenetic groups presenting with similar pathological changes, suggesting that the
disease is likely multifactorial. Gill diseases are therefore usually the result of complex interactions
between the infectious agent, the host, and the environment. While gill diseases are often associated with
microbial infections, they can also be exacerbated by environmental stress without microbial
involvement. Indeed, primary gill infections are rare in fish, while an immune response detected in gill
tissue of affected animals is common. This suggests that the environment plays a significant role in gill
disease outbreaks. The aim of this review is to contribute towards a better understanding of the factors
associated with gill infections in fish, as this is an important step in the management of gill diseases.
In wild and farmed fish, gill diseases are some of the most common and severe health issues. These
diseases are often associated with microbial infections and can be exacerbated by environmental stress.
Loss of osmoregulatory function, mechanical damage, and hypoxia are among the harmful effects these
diseases have on fish gills. Therefore, managing gill diseases is an important aspect of fish health
management. To do this, we need to develop an understanding of the factors that influence gill disease
outbreaks, including how the composition of the gill microbiome changes and what effect the wider
aquatic microbiome has on gill health. This knowledge can then be used to develop preventative
measures or treatments that help to mitigate gill disease in affected animals.

Fixation is a physical chemical process that fixes tissues or cells chemically. Fixatives have many
functions, one of which is to stop tissue putrefaction and autolysis. Formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde,
glacial acetic acid, alcohol, mercuric chloride, potassium dichromate, osmium tetroxide, glyoxal, picric
acid, Zenker,s solutions, Bouin,s solution and other fixative chemicals are used. A thorough search of the
databases in Google Scholar, research gut, and Scopus revealed few papers on "fixation" and "fixative."
A thorough overview of fixation and fixatives was written with this fact in mind. This review's main
objective is to acquaint pathologists and lab personnel with the core ideas and different categories of
fixatives

executed Experience during season Agricultural2022-2023 conducted in One Houses
Plastic in Al-Fadliyah district, which is located to the south of Dhi Qar Governorate,
13 kilometers from the center of the city of Nasiriyah , on plants
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impact Fertilizer Super phosphate Triple In concentrations,1.5, 0) 2,5)gm.plant-1 f
Spraying With extract Root Sweat licorice (in concentrations)0 , 5 , 10)gm.l-1 on the
growth The vegetative And syphilis To plant Planted tomatoes inside Houses
Plastic.At a fertilization rate of seven Payments And ten Sprinkles from Abstract
during season the growth , And I use design sectors Random Complete(RCBD.)With
three Duplicates And compared Averages According to a test less difference moral
when level Prospect0.05And it can summary Results With what Come:
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phosphate The trio is focused(2.5Gloom.plants-1)in all adjectives Thoughtful.
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growth Study of tomato plants.
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fertilizerP2O5And focus10gm.l-1 For extract Sweat licorice in characteristics Length
the plant,the weight Dry To grow The vegetative,chlorophyll He got it One plant,
which I reached the value(200.5poison,205.6Gloom,48.0, SPAD 7.39kg plants-1
,)on
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The purpose of this study is to know the inhibitory ability of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of lavender leaves Lavandula Officinalis L. to the growth of some human pathogenic organisms represented by two types of bacteria, Candida Albicans and Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumonia (Kleb). Ethanol and distilled water were used as solvents for extraction at concentrations of 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg ml-1 for each. The alcoholic and aqueous extracts showed an inhibitory effect on the growth of the three species at a concentration of 100 mg ml-1, and the aqueous extract showed an inhibitory effect on Candida and Kleb at concentrations of 25 or 50 mg mL-1. The concentrations showed variation in their inhibitory effect on pathogenic organisms, as the alcoholic extract at a concentration of 100 mg ml-1 inhibited the growth of Candida and E. coli with a larger inhibitory diameter than the aqueous extract, and the aqueous extract at a concentration of 100 mg ml-1 inhibited the growth of Kleb with a larger diameter than the alcoholic extract. GC-MAS analysis of the volatile oil sample of lavender leaves showed the appearance of some compounds with an important effect on the inhibitory activity, such as 1,8-cineole, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, Camphor, and Terpineol.

Since 2011, there have been epidemics of respiratory infection in Iraq's laying hen farms, including
hemorrhage tracheitis, which closely resembles laryngotracheitis and exhibits symptoms such as
symptoms and lesions, respiratory issues, and swelling. Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) in layers
hen farms in Iraq had to be molecularly identified and determined, together with viral load and innate
immune responses of gene transcription (INF-γ, IL1, IL6, and IL10). A total of 40 samples 20 trachea
and 20 lungs were taken from various suspect contaminated layer flocks of Iraqi farms (age: 33
weeks). Real-time PCR results showed that 10 samples from both tissues tested positive for the ILT
virus. The highest viral load, 5.52×103 copies/L viral nucleic acid, was found in tracheal tissue at 7
dpi, whereas the lowest viral load, 1.65×103 copies/L viral nucleic acid, was found in lung tissues. At
3 and 7 days after infection, the expression of INF-γ, IL1 and IL6 was significantly higher there in
tracheal tissues (P≤0.05) than in the lung tissues, indicating a down regulation of these three
molecules. In both organs at the same time, there was no up regulation of IL10. The findings of this
study show that ILTv up-regulates the transcription of several cytokines in the trachea, including INF
γ, IL1, and IL6, during various stages of the cytokine production process.

The experiment was conducted at the Research Station of the College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, located north of Basrah city, during the winter season of 2022-2023, in a loamy soil. The study aimed to investigate the response of three varieties of oats (Avena sativa L.) to foliar spraying with different concentrations of the growth regulator paclobutrazol. The study included three oat varieties (Ganzania, Shafa, and CarlIoup) under the influence of spraying three concentrations of paclobutrazol (25, 50, and 100 mg/L) and a control treatment. The interaction between the two factors was also studied. The spraying was carried out in two stages, the first at the beginning of branching, and the second after three weeks from the first spray.The experiment was arranged using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The results showed the superiority of the paclobutrazol treatment (50 mg.l-1), which recorded the highest averages for most of the studied yield characteristics, as the lowest average number of panicles m-2was recorded at 458.05 dalia - and the highest average number of grains per dalia was 55.45 grains g-1, and the highest average weight was recorded. 1000 grains amounted to 37.33 g, while the Ganzania variety was superior in terms of the number of days and the number of grains in of panicl and 1000 grains amounted to 458.05 and amounted to 55.45 grains in of panicl-1 and 34.93 g and its components, protein content in grains, and chlorophyll in leaves were studied. The results showed the superiority of the paclobutrazol treatment (50 mg/L), which recorded the highest means for most of the studied growth traits. It had the lowest average plant height, reaching 70.75 cm. It also recorded the highest average chlorophyll content, reaching 143.90 mg/100 g, and the highest average for the number of tillers, reaching 488.97 tillers/m². Additionally, it recorded the highest average for stem diameter, reaching 4.49 mm.

The investigation took place in the Al-Khamisat region, located in the southeast of Dhi Qar Governorate, during the 2023
growing season. The study focused on pomegranate trees in a private orchard. A total of twenty-seven pomegranate trees,
which were uniform in terms of size and growth, were selected as experimental units to investigate the impact of applying
chelated iron and dry yeast extract, as well as their interaction, on various physical and chemical attributes of Slimmi variety
pomegranate trees. The experiment followed a completely randomized block design, incorporating two factors. The first
factor involved spraying with chelated iron at three concentrations (0, 250, 500) mg L-1, while the second factor involved
spraying with dried yeast extract at three concentrations (0, 5, 10) g L-1. Each treatment was replicated three times. There are
a total of 27 experimental units, with each experimental unit represented by one tree .

Field experiment conducted at two summer season 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 on clay sandy soil in Al-Diwanyia. The experiment
was design as Complete Randomized Block Design with three replications arranged for split-pilot design, and Least Significant
differences 0.05 the main treatment contend two level of Tillage system ( 10, 25)cm within their four levels of Boron Nanoparticles
(BNPs)( 0 , 10 , 20 , 30) mg.l-1. and irrigated every 3 days I took sample of soil before planting to analysis it and to learn physical
and chemical properties table 1. Alfalfa Seeds sowing at rate 20 kg.ha-1(1 cm depth) at 1/4, after 7 months I took a samples to
measure . The results showed all factors and interactions were significant effect and produce three medical active substances Oxalic
acid , Methypyridazin, Benzaldehyde and protein , carbohydrates ,Fats , total chlorophyll , forage yield and their max values
respectively(2.67 , 2.5 , 2.58 , (12.12 , 5.5 , 1.02)% , 2.7 mg. 2g-1 , 1.79 T,ha-1) in interaction 25 cm and 30 mg.l-1 while the min
values respectively ( 0.02 , 0.02 , 0.02 , (18.8 , 4.83 , 0.78)% , 2.38 mg.2g-1 and 1.33 T.ha-1) in the interaction of 0 kg.ha-1 and 0 mg.
l-1 BNPs

Nowadays antimicrobial resistance is a huge phenomenon worldwide. The current article aims to detect the most antibiotic resistant among different kinds of antibiotics that extensively use in Iraq, to reduce the antibiotic resistance phenomenon, detect the most effective antibiotic can eliminate or kill pathogenic isolates. Two hundred clinical specimens were collected from patients who are hospitalized Al-Shatrah General Hospital. All samples were directly inoculated in enrichment media after had been obtained from urine, blood, ear swabs, sputum, wound swabs and diagnosed depending on the biochemical tests and molecular investigation that were done. The isolated pathogens were examined against 35 kinds of antibiotic including 13 Beta-lactams, 4 Aminoglycosides, 4 Fluoroquinolones, 3 Macrolides, 2 Glycopeptides, 2 Polymyxins, and one for each of Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol, Nitrofurantoin, Linezolid, Tazobactam, and Bacitracin using Kirby disc diffusion method. The results classified isolated bacteria into 60 (40.8%) isolates Gram-positive and 87 (59.2%) were Gram-negative isolates. While 69 (47%) bacterial isolates were isolated from males; 78 (53%) bacterial isolates were isolated from females, the most common isolated pathogens were Staphylococcus sp. 40 (27%), Streptococcus sp. 20 (13.6%), Proteus sp. 24 (16%), Escherichia coli 29 (19.7%); whereas, the least isolated bacteria is Salmonella typhi 2 (1.4%). While, the highest isolates were 41 isolates (36%) within age group (36-45); the least isolates were 19 isolates (12.9%) within age group (56-65). Bacitracin and Oxacillin were resisted by 10 bacterial species in this study. Also, the results found Levofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, Ciprofloxacin, Meropenem, Tazobactam, Imipenem are more effective in compare to other antibiotics.

The purpose of this research is to learn how to make a microscopic slide of animal or plant tissue and prepare it for examination by means of a compound microscope. There is no doubt that those concerned with this are students of medical sectors at all stages and those concerned with matters of histology, embryology, anatomy, cell science, animal and plant sciences, and this research was done in the pathological analysis department in The Medical Technical Institute in Basra specifically.