Engineering and Technology Journal

This paper explains a method of how the two factor authentication implemented using software token to generate One Time Password (OTP) to secure user accounts. The proposed method guarantees authenticating e-learning features. The proposed system involves generating of OTP by using authentication web service. The generated code is valid for only one login and it is verified using Secured Cryptographic Algorithm. The proposed system has been implemented and tested successfully.

Although many of methods have accomplished good success in face recognition systems, but most of them are unable to achieve recognition by using single sample per person. In this paper, a combination of three techniques represented by local binary pattern (LBP), principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector machine (SVM) is used to present face recognition system has the ability to recognize face depending on Single Sample per Person only. The LBP and PCA are applied to extract the important features as well as reduce the dimension of the image face while the SVM is applied to classify these features according to the classes that belong to its. The proposed approach was evaluated on Yale database and the experimental results showed distinct improvement of the proposed method compared with traditional PCA based SVM classifier.

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy of women and is the second most common and leading cause of cancer deaths among them. At present, there are no effective ways to prevent breast cancer, because its cause is not yet fully known. Early detection is an effective way to diagnose and manage breast cancer can give a better chance of full recovery. Therefore, early detection of breast cancer can play an important role in reducing the associated morbidity and mortality rates. In this paper, using contourlet transform that can capture the intrinsic geometrical structure that is key in visual information. The contourlet expansion is composed of basis images oriented in various directions in multiple scales, with flexible aspect ratios. The basic idea of this paper is to design and implement a proposed system that can aid the physician in reading a mammogram image by study the usage of wavelet and contourlet transform based on various operations on mammogram images and classifies them as normal, benign or malignant based on the decision tree ID3 algorithm. The experimental results show that the ID3 classifier achieves accuracy of 81% in the case of wavelet transform and 95% with contourlet transform for the same number of the test set

Automated Essays Scoring (AES) stands for the ability of computer technologies to evaluate electronic essays written by learner according to previously determined essay. All the previous works and researches and were applied to essays written in English
language and they were applied to essays written in Bahasa, Hebrew, Malay, Chinese,
Japanese, and Swedish. The research paper suggests an Automated Arabic Essays
Scoring (AAES) system on web-based learning context based on Vectors Space Model
(VSM) and Latent Semantics Indexing (LSI). The proposed system consists of two main
processes. The first process, deals with applying information retrieval mechanics to
retrieve the significant information from electronic essays. In the second process, VSM
and LSI are applying to find out the similarity degree between the previously written
essays by the instructor and the essay written by the learner.
The experiments of our results reveal that the proposed system provides an electronic assessment closer to instructors’ traditional judgment, leading to improve the learning’s efficiency, performance and to overcome.

A stream cipher is a symmetric cipher which operates with a time-varying transformation on Individual plaintext digits. By contrast, block ciphers operate with a fixed transformation on large blocks of plaintext digits. Where in operation of Key generator using the LFSR to generate random keys where the shift register is controlled by an external clock. At each time unit, each digit is shifted one stage to the right. The content of the rightmost stage st is output. The new content of the leftmost stage is the feedback bit, st+L.
this paper present design and implementation system of keys generator with nonlinear random of output keys and large moment bits, this system consist of three part from registers , logical circuits and search algorithm using AI work in parallel time to find the result, the LFSRs in registers part (left and right of system)can generate huge moment of bits and pass in randomness test, those bits by the logical circuit and search algorithm convert from linear to nonlinear to get more difficult in break secret keys, finally the keys can used in stream cipher or in block cipher methods.

Aluminum doped nickel ferrite samples with composition NiFe2-xAlxO4 (where; x=0, 0.2 ,0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1, 1.2, 1.4), were synthesized by using sol-gel auto combustion method at temperature about 200°C, then pelletized and sintered at different temperatures (900, 1000, 1100 and 1200°C) . The present work focuses on studying the structural and electrical properties of Ni-Al ferrite by using many analysis’s like x-ray diffraction, LCR meter, FTIR and AFM. The results show that the chemical composition has a major effect on electrical, structural, and physical properties. The result also showed that the dielectric constant and dielectric loss decreased with the increase of the Al content in Ni-Al ferrite sintered at 12000C.

The present work includes the preparation confirmation and bioassay of novel complexes of the ligand [3-(o-methoxy phenoxy-1, 2-propanediol], with metalCr (III), Co (II), Ni (II) and Cu (II) were also formed and studied. The new complexes were characterized by FT-IR Spectroscopy and UV-Visible spectroscopy.
The metal complexes have been tested in vitro against a number of microorganisms (gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa)) in order to assess their antimicrobial properties. All our complexes showed considerable activity against all bacteria.

In this paper, the dynamical behavior of some eco-epidemiological models is investigated. Two types of prey-predator models involving infectious disease in prey population, which divided it into two compartments; namely susceptible population S and infected population I, are proposed and analyzed. The proposed model deals with SIS infectious disease that transmitted directly from external sources, as well as, through direct contact between susceptible and infected individuals. The model are represented mathematically by the set of nonlinear differential equations .The existence, uniqueness and boundedness of this model are investigated. The local and global stability conditions of all possible equilibrium points are established. Finally, using numerical simulations to study the global dynamics of the model

In this work preparation and characterization of Silver nanoparticles which were synthesized by pulsed (Q-switched, 1064 and 532nm doubled frequency-Nd: YAG) laser ablation of silver metal immersed in double distilled and deionized water DDDW, without any chemical additives and studied the optical,and antibacterial properties by using different techniques. The influence of laser parameters such as number of pulses as well as laser fluence on the properties of nanoparticles elucidated. It has been observed that laser energy and number of laser pulses have a control over the size of the nanoparticles. Increasing laser energy and number of pulses shows a clear blue shift in the absorption peak of fabricated nanoparticles indicating that the average size of the particles decreases with increasing laser energy and number of pulses. Ablation for longer period reduces the average size of nanoparticles. The Antibacterial of synthesized silver NPs against four pathogens: streptococcus, staphylococcus, proteus and Enterobacter were studied .

Due to fast development of internet technologies and multimedia archives are growing rapidly, especially digital image libraries which represent increasingly an important volume of information, so, it is judicious to develop powerful browsing computer systems to handle, index, classify and recognize images in database. In this paper a new algorithm image classification is proposed. This paper presents an efficient content-based
image indexing technique for searching similar images using daubechies wavelet with
discrete cosine transform. The aim of this work was to realize the image classification
using hybrid compression system. The image was classified using 10 classes.

This research presents a proposal to advance e-learning over online social network, facebook, through analyzing the structure of this network and the behavior of their users. In this proposal will construct facebook group for Iraqi postgraduate higher education computer sciences students (IPHECSS), this group consist of 300 users.
The Proposal has four consequence steps to advance the e-learning over facebook, these steps are:
1. Constructing a proposed student’s facebooks dataset for Iraq students society called Iraqi postgraduate higher education students (IPHES), which contains self-defined characteristics of a student’s facebooks.
2. Applying customized Frequent Pattern (FP-growth) Association Rule (AR) technique to IPHES dataset as a ranker (since it calculates the frequency of attributes) and mining technique (since it extracts knowledge to predict decision making to support e-learning over facebook through analyzing student’s behavior).
3. Applying Traditional k-mean and proposed Modified k-mean techniques to IPHES dataset to advance the traditional KM in clustering the students to introduce the structure of network’s users; which helps in supporting e-learning over facebok through analyzing students broadcasting and activities. Modification on k-mean is done by injecting a preprocessing substep in traditional KM called attributes weighting depending on ranking results obtained by applying AR as a ranker and modifying Euclidian distance similarity measure to results vectors instead single value.
4. Analyzing the results of both association rules and clustering using excel2007 and UCINET software.

In this work tin oxide thin films have been prepared by Spray pyrolysis technique, using tin chloride over soda – lime glass. Structural and optical properties were studied under different condition like substrate temperatures of 300, 350 and 400°C, and annealing in air at temperature 300°C for 1 h . The films were characterized by XRD,SEM, AFM, and UV-VIS analysis . The optical spectra of the films were measured in the wavelength range of 300 –900 nm by UV-VIS Spectrometer device. The X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the films have the orthogonal structure at low substrate temperature change to a tetragonal structure at high substrate temperature. Films prepared with different substrate temperatures were correspond to preferential orientation along the plane (132) and (110) planes for structural orthogonal, tetragonal respectively . The grain size founded( 25.2-9.77nm) for different substrate temperatures range ( 300- 400°C) after annealing , from the (SEM) images the grain size values of the SnO2 thin films are found to be in the range of (32.3-24.2 nm) corresponding to the substrate temperature (350 and 400°C) after annealing and from the AFM the root mean square (RMS) values for the thin film at substrate temperature 350C was found to be 10.4 nm, the surface roughness 8.86 nm. The maximum value of transmittance was found to be 78 % around the wavelength of 900nm at substrate temperatures 300°C also have energy gap (2.9-3.4eV) at substrate temperatures range ( 300- 400°C) after annealing in air at temperature 300°C for 1 h

Transparent conducting tin oxide thin films have been prepared by spray pyrolysis technique. Structure, optical and electrical properties of prepared films at different concentration (0.1, 0.2,0.3,0.4) mol/litter were studied at substrate temperature (550ºC) .UV-Vis spectrophotometer show that the transmittance increases with the decreases in the concentration of SnO2 thin films and it received 87% for the lower concentration (0.1 mol/litter). From AFM image notice that the smoothness and homogeneous of the films are decreasing with increasing the aqueous solution molarity. I-V characteristic of the SnO2 films shows the thin film behavior was close to Ohm’s law.

In this paper, the study included the comparison between amorphous silica and crystalline silica (quartz), and with nano scale size, two types of silica was added to concrete by ratios (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) as a replacement by the weight of cement. Destructive and non-destructive tests was conducted on the specimens, the results show in destructive test the compressive and tensile strength increase in 15% wt addition ratio in both types of silica, but in amorphous silica was high than in quartz. The results of non-destructive tests show in (Schmidt Hammer) the 15% ratio in both kinds of silica show high hardness than other ratios. Ultra sonic (pules velocity) test, noted the better quality was in 15% ratio in amorphous silica and also show fastest pules velocity

Electrochemical etching processes at different current densities were used to prepare nano porous silicon with different porosities. A series of nanostructures silver/ nano porous silicon (NAg/NPSi) active substrate were prepared by an immersion-plating method. Through controlling the current density the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)behaviors to crptocyanen (CY) dye were contrastively studied, for a concentration of (10−5 M),The (SERS) behavior was attributed to the size of the deposited silver nanoparticles on porous layer. The sensitivity of SERS signal increases with increasing the porosity of porous sample

Watermarking is the process of embedding digital information into any multimedia data such as an image, audio or video file in such a way that intruder cannot be able to trace the signal to protect copyright of intellectual property of owners. In this paper, a new hybrid watermarking algorithm is proposed by using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and slant let transform (SLT) which are the most robust to attacks rather than least significant bit (LSB) for the protection of digital Images. Embedding watermark is accomplished in still images (JPEG) true color in high frequency sub bands by combining the two transforms. The watermark is applied to many images, and the results showed that the proposed algorithm offers good performance and has good robustness against different types of attacks and it does not effect on the transparency of the cover image

The aim of this paper is to present a new framework for studying fuzzy measure and Shilkret integral which is alternative framework from usual fuzzy measure and Shilkret integral. First, we define a fuzzy measure based on binary-element sets, then, we propose Shilkret integral with respect to fuzzy measure based on binary-element sets, and we illustrate our framework by a practical example on synthetic evaluation

In this research polymer blend was prepared from (EP-Novolac) reinforced by ceramic particles (SiC), which added as (10%, 20%, 30%) Wt to the blend, by using hand lay-up method
Some mechanical properties were studied on the specimens of the above mentioned materials such as hardness and wear, at different temperatures and immersion times, The samples were immersed in (HCL) and (NaOH) solutions with normality (0.5 N) for (2 and 4) weeks at different temperature (25 ,44, 62) ˚C
And then the results of the reinforced blend showed decreasing of hardness values after immersion samples in to both above solutions
It is found that in spite of there is increment in temperatures and immersion times in (NAOH) that is consider as a corrosion media to polymers there is decreases in wear rate specially at percentage (30%Sic).

The studyof dielectric constant (єr) and the dielectric strength (Ebr) of the composite materials consist of the unsaturated polyester resin reinforced with aluminum powder and unsaturated polyester resin reinforced with aluminum powder and the copper oxide .The composites were made in different weight fraction (5%,10%,15).
The results showed that dielectric strength decreases with thickness increase and decrease with the weight fraction. But the dielectric constant decrease with the frequency increase and increase with the weight fraction increase

Evaporation method was used in order to prepare films of pure gold on substrate of n –Si (111) and studied the influence at different parameters deposition, such as
the weight of the material used (gold) , the weight of coating deposited , the effect of
each of the temperature annealing , deposition rate , thickness coatings deposited, as
well as the study of open porosity.
The results showed an increase in the thickness of coating with the increasing of the weight of the material used and these are different deposition ,sedimentation rates. A decrease in the open porosity with increase temperature annealing. A decrease in the
density of the coating deposited with the increase in thickness due to a decrease in the
stacking layers deposited.
It was concluded that the efficiency of the deposited equal to 94 % for the system, and that the system can deposition coatings thickness of gold ranges from (0-7.5μm).
Key word: Gold film, evaporation, open porosity, microhardness, adhesion, system efficiency