Journal of Al-Ma'moon College

This study tackles examining the significance of Ukraine to Russian geopolitics, by monitoring and analyzing the measures that are taken by Russia' to expand its geographical scope and maximize its geostrategic position which is clearly evident in its endeavor to regain its control over the countries of the former Soviet States, in a way similar to what happened in Ukraine. Russia does this with the aim of employing geopolitics to redraw its vital space according to what is required by the new Eurasian project, and to prevent the Atlantic through Eastern Europe and Ukraine in particular from expanding so it may to reach its western borders.
In line with that, this study aims to clarify the significance of Ukraine and, as seen by geopolitical content creators, the nature of the Western – Eurasian conflict over Ukraine.

Since the Islamic conquest of Egypt، Egypt has been ruled by a group of governors who played their role in serving the Islamic nation and serving the lands they ruled. Hafs ibn al-Walid was one of these governors who ruled Egypt for more than one term and contributed to organizing the affairs of the Islamic country and defending it before assuming the guardianship of Egypt. In addition to the jihad against the Byzantines by leading some of the summer campaigns on the Roman front، he then returned to assume command of the Arab naval fleet in Egypt، then devoting himself to the second term of Egypt after having ruled it for only two weeks previously. He accomplished important achievements during the term of the second term that included most areas in Egypt، despite the short duration of his term، which did not exceed three years، he was excused and then ruled Egypt for the third term under duress، and he wanted to stop the strife that spread across Egypt until it led to his death out of patience at the hands of the new governor of Egypt، Hawthara bin Suhail Al-Bahili، in the year (D 128 AH / 746 AD).

The administration was and remains committed to its administrative contracts with the people of the private law in order to achieve public benefit and protect public order and evaluate and develop management according to the requirements of the modern era, that the Corona pandemic that prevailed in most countries of the world, had negative consequences on administrative actions on the one hand and administrative contracts on the one hand Others, and the lack of knowledge of the legal nature of the spread of this pandemic and its legal adaptation as an emergency circumstance or force majored, may burden the contractor and cause him harm as a result of the cessation of all work, but as long as the administration conducts its work in accordance with the law, whether its actions are in the circumstances Ordinary p, or the use of administrative control means in exceptional circumstances and as long as its actions do not violate the principle of legality, just as its actions are for the regular and steady organization of the public utility and the achievement of public benefit and as a supreme authority and in the presence of the rules of justice, it will maintain its actions and contracts in all cases and that Tended in some circumstance, it would be straight and go ahead in achieving its goals.

Suspension of implementation represents a temporary decision that came as a result of a request from one of the parties and in the presence of the second party. The system of suspending the implementation of administrative decisions is generally considered an exception to the principle of non-stop effect of appealing the cancellation. Therefore, stopping the implementation of administrative decisions did not come out of nowhere. Rather, there must be a legal basis for that, and jurisprudence and judiciary have stated There are formal and substantive conditions for filing a lawsuit to stop the implementation of administrative decisions in general, and the ruling issued in the request to stop the implementation of the administrative decision does not restrict the competent court when ruling on the merits of the case.

The current research aims to identify and understand the impact of accounting quality on the efficiency of investment decisions in banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange. An experimental applied approach based on evaluation and quantitative analysis was adopted within the framework of evaluating and analyzing research variables using approved mathematical models and a quantitative inferential approach. Statistical inferential analysis tools were employed to test and analyze the research hypothesis. The financial reports of the banks, the research sample, and the reports of the Securities Commission were utilized in preparing the initial data to evaluate the research variables for the period (2016-2022). The research community consists of 45 banks listed on the Iraqi financial market. The method of intentional non-probabilistic sampling was adopted to select a sample of 15 banks, excluding those without sufficient data. The actual sampling rate reached 33% of the study community. The research arrived at several conclusions, the most important of which was the improvement of the level of accounting quality in the commercial and Islamic banking sectors, reaching general good levels from 2016 to 2022. The research also presented several recommendations, emphasizing the necessity for bank management to develop an accounting system that includes various elements and adheres to the comprehensive and correct application of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) to improve the level of accounting quality to attract investors and enhance the efficiency of investment decisions, thereby promoting the development of the banking sector.

The Mamluk state was based on usurping power from the Ayyubids, and the Egyptian people looked at them as usurpers of power. From the beginning of their rule, the sultans made attempts to gain legitimacy so that they could rule the state. They did several things, the most important of which was serving the Two Holy Mosques, protecting pilgrims on the roads leading to the holy places, and protecting roads and cities from attacks by Arabs and thieves. This policy sometimes directed military campaigns and at other times led to peace and guidance

Whatever nations and empires collapse for many reasons and motives، at the forefront of which is the policy of expansion and geographical expansion outside its borders، and one of its results is the inclusion of peoples and countries to it that do not feel any ties with the occupation state، and it is related to the expansion factor، another factor is that this empire، in order to defend its interests، has to enter into long wars، so the Ottoman Empire fought long wars، but one of the most intense is its wars with Russia.

Over-insurance and public insurance provision are covered in this chapter. When imperfect information is present, the competitive outcome in insurance markets may not only be suboptimal relative to the impossible optimum that would have occurred if information were perfect, but also suboptimal compared to achievable optimum. In theory, the government could provide the best insurance or at the very least outperform the imperfectly informed market if it had or could receive perfect information about the world\'s situation at the time of purchase. The chapter describes a situation in which the insurance buyer has power over present-day decisions that will influence a future state of nature, but the insurer is unable to actively monitor the insured\'s behavior. The goal of insurance is to shield those who are afraid of taking risks from having to deal with all of the negative effects of nature\'s acts. In various environments, people may pay varying costs and have varying earnings. When money is spent, perfect insurance maintains marginal cost pricing by transferring revenue across natural states. Transfers of income are based more on what is observed than on the state of nature when the states of nature are imperfectly measured. As an alternative, rates might be changed to include insurance.

The global banking system has evolved over time, resulting in a heightened level of competition among banks, both domestically and internationally, which has posed a risk to the safety of these institutions. This has necessitated the establishment of a Committee for Banking Supervision, commonly referred to as the Basle Committee (IIBF, I. ,2023). This research seeks to assess and evaluate the effect of banking risk on financial performance metrics.
The study used two independent variables. The first is represents banking supervision as mandated by the Basle Committee, and includes a collection of indicators (Capital Risk Index, Credit Risk Index, Interest Rate Risk Index, Operational Risk Index, and Liquidity Risk Index). The second is includes financial performance, which is represented by a group of indicators. These include profitability, as well as other indicators related to liquidity such as the trading ratio and the quick liquidity ratio.
The key finding of the study is (statistics of statistically significant relationship between banking risk indicators and most financial performance indicators) where the statistical results suggest that the hypotheses have a significant impact on the majority of financial performance indicators. According to the research, banks should not over-estimate their capital adequacy in order to meet their bank’s goals and achieve the highest profit margins. The research also suggested that banks should use idle liquidity, which conflicts with the guidelines of the central bank and the Basel committee, to achieve the highest return on equity and maximize owners’ wealth.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of cognitive factors on the performance of marketing education services at the University of Al-Mustansiriyah through the use of analytical and descriptive methods. The statistical sample for the study is composed of all the major cadres employed at the university, which comprises a total of 135 individuals in various departments. The Cochrane formula estimates the statistical sample to be around 100 individuals who were selected at random. The data has been analyzed using specialized software for this purpose. The results of the study have revealed that marketing knowledge plays a major role in the actual performance of students at the university. Furthermore, it showed that invested knowledge, actual marketing knowledge, inside marketing skills, and outside marketing skills had a big impact on students' performance at the university.

The study attempts to investigate William Wordsworth's poem "The World is Too Much with Us" for portraying the Industrial Revolution and symbols in Britain. This research aims to explain how the British Industrial Revolution was depicted and what the symbolism meant concerning the Industrial Revolution. The topics would be tied to the poem's depiction of the Industrial Revolution. The claims have been employed throughout this research: the setting, materialism, industrial revolution, symbol, and allusion. The formalistic, structural, and the historical were the three techniques utilized in the present study, the initial outcome of this study revealed that the industrial revolution in "The World is Too Much with Us" included four challenges: political, and economic issues, the transformation from nature to technological advances, and citizens of the normal world. Political aspects such as power abuse, population, ambition, and campaigning are discussed. Economic topics such as money, labor, and desire are discussed. The shift from natural to technological developments explains the evolution of civilization from the ancient to contemporary periods. The inhabitants of the normal world spoke about those who chose living in the past and set up their lives to paganism. Another conclusion of this study was that the symbol associated with the Industrial Revolution in "The World is Too Much with Us" had three symbols: greed, and possession nature, and poverty. A natural symbol explained the state of an environment and civilization during the Industrial Revolution. Poverty is defined as rural residents who are impoverished being transported to cities and towns to work in the manufacturing process. Greed and possession are examples of how individuals are too concerned with worldly issues.

It is no secret to anyone that we live as a person in the era of enormous technology and non-comprehensive and endless digital life, and among the fruits of this development and its developments are artificial intelligence technologies, which have become among the basic necessities that cannot be dispensed with, or ignored, but rather impose themselves on us, including what we must deal with.
And keep pace with it to catch up with humanity's success, otherwise we will be in limited countries.
No one can deny that it participates in industrial technologies with its various techniques in various fields of public cultural, military, and scientific life, including the tasks it performs that human members are sometimes unable to perform, starting with facilitating communication between human beings in various parts of the world, and continuing onward. With its strong intervention, the completion of digital and computational work reaches its role in the field of complete business with all its applications.
Despite its importance in facilitating and providing services to humans, solving thorny problems at a speed that exceeds human ability, it may cause unimaginable damage, and in light of that, the aim was to present the definition of artificial intelligence and explain its characteristics, and to determine the types of damage resulting from the damage of artificial intelligence, and the extent of it. Marouna targets applications brought about by artificial intelligence, outlining their implications and solutions. Subscribed results are for sale.

The texts regulating the status of nationality in general, and original nationality in particular, are sensitive issues that concern the entity of the state and directly affect the entity of the individual. Therefore, the state intends to regulate them in a highly precise manner, enabling it to impose its dominance over its citizens who hold its nationality. Likewise, for the individual, it is the legal bond that guarantees him rights and requests. Protection of the country of which he holds citizenship. One of the most important of these texts, which was included in the Iraqi Nationality Law No. (26) of 2006, is what relates to the foundations of imposing original nationality, which determines the state’s population policy, as well as its openness to the outside world by knowing the extent of the state’s commitment to implementing international agreements and covenants, and we have noticed the extent of change and development in the field. Imposing original Iraqi nationality between the repealed Nationality Law No. (43) of 1963 and the applicable Nationality Law. As well as the issues addressed by texts of various laws, most notably the Civil Code and the Evidence Law, which are the issues of problems of nationality such as its lack and duality and methods of proving it, and finally the judiciary that is competent to hear nationality disputes, starting with who has the right to appeal decisions issued by the administrative body and what are the stages of appeal, as well as determining the competent authority to consider those appeals.

The research sought to understand how opening virtual markets for small and medium enterprises in the Republic of Iraq can be achieved through the integration of digital marketing techniques and data analysis.
The importance has emerged in highlighting how digital marketing techniques and data analysis can be integrated to improve the effectiveness of small and medium enterprises in virtual (digital) markets. It also aimed to provide recommendations that enhance the improvement of digital strategies for these projects. The mixed methodology that combines the descriptive and analytical approach was relied upon. The questionnaire was the research tool directed to the random sample community, and it included 100 people within the time limits of the period from 11/15/2023 to 12/30/2023. As for the spatial limits, it was limited to the Republic of Iraq, and it was concluded that the results showed the positive relationship between marketing techniques Digital and opening digital markets, through good data analysis to support opening these markets and directing the public towards virtual markets for small and medium enterprises. The research then presented a number of recommendations urging the integration of tools, training and development, and security protection to enhance the effectiveness of digital marketing strategies for small and medium enterprises.

When armed conflicts break out, international humanitarian law seeks to mitigate their effects. Anti-personnel landmines are considered traditional weapons used by the former and armed groups, in terms of their ability to achieve their precisely set goals. Hence, an opinion has emerged that supports their use based on some principles of international law. Humanitarianism, specifically the principle of proportionality and military necessity, but later it became an obsession threatening the world. After the effects it caused, society felt the need to find a solution to it. This feeling was translated into concluding a number of international agreements, the most prominent of which was the Ottawa Convention of 1997, which came to ban and destroy these Weapons

The history of modernity represents the era of the end of medieval age while the term of postmodernity represents the mood of community or values or the economical, cultural and political state. The modernity tries to advance, domination and optimistic while the age of postmodernity is a state of lacking confidence, global narrativity, fragmentation, doubt and struggle.
America is considered one of the most argumentative states in the Middle east due to its influence there in addition to the political developments that witnessed since the sixteenth century.
History forms an essential factor in the changes of the historical-political track in the west. The modern states took from history a means to sustain its legitimacy in forming its identity. To know the effect of modernity age features and postmodernity on the historical-political route in the west toward the Middle East region, the study tries to show the effect of changing the political regimes in this region and know the mechanism of this policy.
The term of "postmodernity" has spread in 1979 when Lyotard argues this term in his books where the term indicated primarily to collapse of authority and global narrativities. The reason and science have been attacked increasingly due to lack of better life of prosperity for the individuals.
Our productive and consumptive ability has been increased by rearranging the community and nature about capital sample. Lately, modernity has made the capitalism produce and change data apart of goods production. Nevertheless we remain consumed cars, cycles and toothpaste..etc.. Capitalism became changing to the information age due to its need to profits. This leads to make the goods became to be bought via internet rather than be tangible goods bought in markets thanks to high speed-large stored computers.
Sensations that move individuals towards the essential growth and independence became apart of progress and replaced by reason. Reason starts using the data production as a merchandise, that means knowledge is produced in favor of profit, production and consumption.
To ensure reason production, modernity orientated reason towards the political, social means instead of showing its ability to transform individuals to be in good conditions.
To understand the postmodernity age in clear way, we shed light on the period that Donald Trump became the president of the united states of America in 2016 as a sample of postmodernity age.

All countries draw up a constitution to join the relationship of the state with its individuals, and to clarify the rights and obligations of each of them. It is not possible to issue a law, regulations, or instructions that conflict with the provisions of the constitution. In the event that such provisions are issued that conflict with the constitution, they will be absolutely invalid, unless abolished, unless there is regulation. The relationship of individuals with the state must be in a state of development and modification that allows it to keep pace with the current conditions in the country. Some countries have a rigid constitution that cannot be amended, and some countries have a constitution that can be amended and can set strict procedures. Among these constitutions is the Iraqi Constitution in force for the year 2005.

The economic exclusive zone is an area created by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 1982, it is located outside the territorial waters and is adjacent to it, it can extend to a maximum of 200 nautical miles measured from the baseline.
The coastal state has sovereign rights over the natural resources present in this area, it also other countries have rights in that region, and the agreement created this region to balance the interests of developing countries that were demanding the establishment of legal rules for this region and interests of developed countries

A Comprehensive Examination of the Utilize of Assistive Advances (AT) to Make strides Learners' Get to to English Writing for All Profiles This comprehensive examination digs into the points of view of teachers with respect to the utilization of Assistive Innovations and the viability of these innovations in upgrading learners' get to to English writing. By analyzing four articles, this investigation uncovers that instructor by and large hold positive states of mind towards Assistive Innovations and recognize their noteworthiness in progressing students' composing and perusing aptitudes. Moreover, it emphasizes how Assistive Innovations can cultivate value, inclusivity, and engagement within the classroom, catering to the wants of all learners in any case of their learning profiles. The ponder too sheds light on the results of executing Assistive Advances in instructive settings. In conclusion, this examination illustrates the potential of Assistive Innovations in encouraging students' get to to English writing over different learning profiles. Also, it underscores the significance of teachers' proficient advancement, preparing, and viable integration procedures to maximize the benefits determined from Assistive Innovations.

The research aims to know the capabilities and possibilities of the influence of the dimensions of immune leadership represented by (learning speed, organizational memory, DNA, efficient distribution of power), as well as the influence of the dimensions of cognitive and behavioral therapy represented by (fortification under stress, mental strategies, psychological well-being, cognitive restructuring) and their influence on the abilities Psychological health represented by (emotional balance, adaptation, self-acceptance, acceptance of others) in the juice production company in Baqubah. The research relied on the descriptive analytical method, which gives the possibility of using description in forming a theoretical intellectual framework, and through the sources and references that relate to the research problem, hypotheses were determined. The main research is “Do the dimensions of immune leadership and cognitive and behavioral therapy have a statistically significant correlation and impact in building mental health capabilities, and on the basis of hypotheses, and for the purpose of enriching the research with data and information that make the research achieve its goals, this data and information were collected from references, sources and periodicals related to the subject of the research As for the analytical side, we relied on a set of statistical tools represented by (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple regression coefficient, and linear regression) that explain the axes and variables of the research and the most important dimensions related to the research topic in a way that enables them to be answered clearly and clearly. Distributing the questionnaire to the spatial research sample represented by the juice production company in Baqubah, which represents the researcher’s community, and including 68 individual respondents from the decision-makers in the juice production company in Baqubah. The results of the research were reached, which included the theoretical and scientific aspects, the most important of which was that there was a multiple effect with statistical significance for immune leadership. As well as cognitive and behavioral therapy in building mental health capabilities

The leadership has received significant attention from researchers for its positive impact on workers and organizational success. Recently, studies have begun to focus on the darker side of leadership and its impact on followers and the work environment. Toxic leadership has been identified as the most dangerous leadership style, resulting in both material and moral costs to organizations in various aspects. Toxic leadership affects the motivation of subordinates, their ability to accomplish tasks, and their desire to continue working. Toxic leaders employ intimidation, exclusion, bullying, threats, and marginalization of subordinates, negatively impacting their well-being and mental health. Therefore, it has become imperative for organizations to implement appropriate mechanisms to prevent the spread of such destructive toxic behaviors on both individual and organizational levels. Thus, the current research aims to identify toxic leadership by reviewing its most important literature and examining the key behaviors and traits of toxic leaders, as well as their impact on followers and the organizational environment.