NABIYUNA JOURNAL

In the field of interpreting the Quran, there has been ongoing debate about the meanings of certain terms. Scholars who engage in the process of understanding these terms have not been able to agree on a consistent framework. They have not reached a common understanding of the key meanings, leading to frustration among researchers trying to decipher the Quranic text. One such term is the singular noun "al-Asma" (the names), which was divinely taught to Adam. Similarly, "al-Kalimat" (the words) encountered by Adam played a crucial role in his repentance, choices, and decisions. Different terms in the Quran present various signals or possibilities for interpretation. This research aims to shed light on interpretative narratives referenced by hadith narrators and used by commentators to assess their reliability. Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him and his family, is particularly crucial in this examination. The study carefully examines these perspectives, seeking to understand their implications according to highly regarded interpreters. It takes an objective viewpoint to reconcile the diverse meanings that characterize the reality of Muhammad in both the earthly and unseen realms. Additionally, the research aims to uncover the mysteries surrounding this personality, intended by its Creator to be the focal point of existence—a secret among the profound mysteries of creation.

This research addresses the issue of rational anchoring, a topic intricately related to the intellectual biography. Although primarily a foundational subject, it can be applied in various fields beyond its conventional scope. While traditionally studied within the realm of fundamentals and the applications of jurisprudential branches, its utility extends to Islamic discourse and biography. In the context of intellectual biography, three fundamental aspects merit attention: the manifestation of rational consensus on a matter, the tranquility of the soul, and the expansion of the heart, all while avoiding the breakdown of consensus, even with a single individual. The research endeavors to elaborate on these aspects, drawing attention to them and attempting to establish a connection in validating prophecies by examining the biography of the Prophet (peace be upon him and his Household). The Prophet's biography serves as a catalyst for the intellectual consensus on the legitimacy of the Muhammadan message both in pre and post-Islamic era.

The impact of jurisprudential schools in exegesis books goes beyond elucidating jurisprudential opinions; it extends to the stance on certain rulings, beliefs, and doctrinal assumptions, influencing the interpretation to become more of a juristic opinion or definitive ruling than subject to the views of the early scholars or its historical reality. For instance, when encountering varying opinions on the verse related to ablution, it is acceptable, given the diversity of jurisprudential perspectives. However, when these opinions are laden with doctrinal affiliations, it may not be acceptable from an interpretative standpoint. One of the historical realities where the doctrinal affiliation governs and manifests its impact on interpretation is the claim of disbelief in Abu Talib – may God be pleased with him. In this case, the matter does not adhere to a jurisprudential opinion but represents a historical fact, becoming the criterion and measure for elucidating it in exegesis or narrative evidence. Therefore, this research delves into these two issues, the historical reality, and the jurisprudential aspect, examining the differences in two contentious matters in Islamic history – one being jurisprudential, the divergence among Muslims regarding the verse on ablution, and the other historical, the faith of Abu Talib. The research emphasizes the need to distinguish between the two, acknowledging that each has its domain in the realm of scholarly inquiry.

The focus on the Prophet's biography is a priority in the interpretative space of the text, as it forms a cultural background that follows the Quran for the interpretive seeker. Thus, the biography and the Quran constitute two interconnected elements in the reference points of the text. The biography elucidates and clarifies the text, and the Quran stands as the primary source, representing the highest level of reliability in recording the biography of the Prophet (peace be upon him and his Household) due to its contemporaneousness with events and divine formulation. Feminist interest in interpreting the Quranic text has deep roots since the time of revelation. Women left their marks during the era of the Prophet and thereafter. These imprints were embodied starting with Lady Khadijah and Lady Fatimah (peace be upon them), as well as the female companions and the Prophet's wives, continuing until today, where female voices resonated with an interest in the Holy Quran. They scrutinized the revealed text, exploring the reasons behind its revelation. Among the female interpreters who dedicated their pens to interpreting the Quran and delved into the study of the prophetic biography are Aisha Abdul Rahman, Kareeman Hamza, Zeinab Al-Ghazali, Hanan Lahham, Nasrat Amin, Majida Fares Al-Shammari, and Nouria Nasser. These scholars examined the biography of the Prophet (peace be upon him and his Household) in terms of legislation, education, and jurisprudence. Within these contexts, this study specifically focuses on the noble prophetic biography, particularly in the chapter of sermons and advice. The primary reference in this reading is the Holy Quran, with the study drawing on external references such as language, society, history, and, importantly, prophetic sayings from the Sunnah, such as Hadiths and narrations.