AL-Anbar University journal of Economic and Administration Sciences

This paper discusses the subject deeply in human resource management, with intellectual and philosophical in modern administrative thought. The focus of the target on the identification of the strategic concept of human resource management practices in business organizations. It studied the scientific concept, in terms of how it has been the shift from personnel management , and to human resources management, and then to HR management strategy. The research has included extensive serious discussions about the nature of the changes, and how to determine the nature and content of the strategic perspective of human resources management in the changing and volatile world of business. It was also the explanation and clarification theoretical philosophies that came in various previous studies, and identify paths in the adoption of appropriate intellectual entrance appropriate in the management of human resources in the organizations of the third millennium. The paper included topics enormous focused mostly on substance philosophical human resources management and research interests in addressing the fundamentals of the roots of human resource management and its relation to shifts ongoing change, the shift from managing people to managing human resources, the transition from human resource management to human resource management strategy, strategic perspective human resources management, philosophies theory in the study of strategic human resource management, and the entrances to the study of human resources management strategy. And it has concluded the paper to the conclusion that a philosophy of human resource management perspective strategic as a function goes beyond the responsibility of executives for human resources, to put into consideration the role of each other managers, especially managers main activities

Aims researcher in his research into the diagnosis and interpretation of the nature of the correlations and effect between the (strategic Entrepreneurial and strategic success) and the level dimensions, and I've tested this research in Zain Iraq for mobile communications, and applied research on a sample of (60) as director distributors in several administrative levels, and use the Find resolution Chairperson of the data collection tool, it has sought research to test a number of hypotheses main and branch-related relations link and relationships influence between research variables, in order to answer questions on the problem of search, which starts from a prominent question that (what level of availability of strategic Entrepreneurial and work to achieve strategic success Organization surveyed), have reached research to a set of conclusions was the most important that there is Entrepreneurship a practical strategy in the company's research community through the adoption of a good level and that this is due reverberate to the attention of the company (innovation, proactive, risk tolerance, flexibility, independence), as well as showing that There is a good strategic levels of success in the company's research community and that these levels that emerged as a result of the interest shown by this company (specific strategy, implementation of an effective, motivational culture, creativity, customer satisfaction).

The great developments in the field of technology are considered to be the heart of work scales and to present ideas in order to keep pace with changes in the field of production and operations, to add new characteristics of products according to the application of modern technology in the economic units operating within the industrial sector, and with the aim of developing the Iraqi industrial sector and paying attention to its vital role in light of technological progress . The research aims to use advanced computer-based manufacturing techniques that lead to production on demand and with appropriate quality, whether with low quality, low cost, low cost, appropriate quality or high quality and high cost to gain customer satisfaction.
While the most important conclusions are that the application of advanced computer manufacturing technology must be a change at the level of the ready-to-wear factory under study. It is not completely limited to it unless there is consistency in accepting and supporting the change, as the benefits that can be achieved by the workers and the attention of the factory management The respondent emphasized the application of the computer-based manufacturing system as well as the availability of many benefits from this system in achieving a better production level in the service of the national economy
And based on the conclusions reached by the research, many recommendations were made.

The aim of the research is to measure and assess the efficiency of the Ramadi Municipality Directorate using one of the non-parametric methods, which is the data encirclement analysis method (DEA), as the municipal sector is one of the most important sectors and most prominent in the concept of providing services by governments, as well as its direct contact with the citizen with services related to his daily activities. The research community was represented by the Ramadi municipality directorate, while the research sample consisted of 8 municipal departments, and the most important sources of information collection was based on data on monthly reports , and the most important conclusion reached by the research is that there is a variation in the efficiency values of the municipalities departments of the research sample through the presence of efficient and ineffective municipal departments, While the research recommends improving efficiency through accreditation of municipal departments with full efficiency reference for municipal departments that did not achieve full.

Financial flexibility is the degree of a company’s ability to mobilize financial resources in order to maximize the company's value, So the study came to identify the extent of interaction of the components of financial flexibility through the three components (liquidity, cash flows, and profitability) in both value and growth stocks. For a sample of private commercial banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange for the period (2012-2016). n order to achieve this goal, the researcher relied on a main hypothesis that there is no interactivity between the components of financial flexibility expressed in the three components, for both value and growth shares.

The study reached several conclusions, the most important of which are: rejecting the main hypothesis with its two sub-assumptions. That is, there is an interaction between the components of financial flexibility and the impact power of these components, which are greater in banks with value shares according to the system of simultaneous equations. As for the most important recommendations, it is necessary to take into consideration the financial flexibility and the level of interaction between its components to face the financial needs with all its uses, as well as when formulating strategies.

Insurance companies are witnessing large and rapid changes and developments that affect the local, regional and global levels, making them vulnerable to many challenges and problems that affect the work of these companies. Insurance companies in Iraq have a number of major challenges, including the unstable security situation, the failures resulting from Law No. 10 of 2005, and unfair competition between insurance companies, And given the importance of the insurance sector in Iraq and the need to develop it, the study aimed to identify the reality of insurance in Iraq for the years 2005-2015 and the most important challenges and problems facing this important economic sector, and we start the research from the hypothesis that "there is an inverse relationship between the reality of insurance in Iraq and the challenges it faces" The greater the challenges, the more it leads to a decrease in the development of this sector. The study relied on the records and reports issued by the Ministry of Finance for the period under study, and the study reached a number of conclusions, including the insurance sector's lack of specialized technical (actuary) cadres And the lack of recent documents to keep pace with developments in economic and social life, the lack of insurance awareness among citizens, and the study also presented a set of recommendations, including the need to conduct specialized training programs for cadres working in the insurance sector and the need for insurance companies to pay attention to promotional programs and advertise insurance services to create insurance awareness

The climate change that the world is witnessing is one of the most important challenges facing developed and developing countries (Arab) both, due to the accompanying effects and repercussions on various fields, The sector most sensitive to these changes is the agricultural (food) sector. As agricultural-food production in the Arab regions is negatively affected by climate change, Especially in countries that are already exposed to climate fluctuations (drought, desertification, floods) and suffer from low incomes, widespread hunger and poverty. The effect appeared in the form of fluctuations in production and the widening of the gap. The increase in dependence on the outside world in providing food supplies in the Arab regions for the period (2005-2015). This is due to a group of reasons, including global warming, increased CO2 emissions, High temperatures, increased evaporation, and other reasons, which consequently affect directly and indirectly the agricultural-food production. The research found that climate change has negative and direct nutritional effects, including an imbalance in the quantities and components of consumption. As well as on the level of income for individuals who depend on agriculture to obtain it, Which is often destined for consumption, which exposes them to the risk of not being able to cope with this kind of volatility.

The aim of the research is to identify the impact of the transport and tourism sector on the economy of the Emirate of Dubai, as the transport and tourism sector is one of the sectors that have an impact on the economy in general and the emirate of Dubai, where a set of factors that contributed to the development of the transport and tourism sectors in the Emirate of Dubai were reviewed as well as to get acquainted with Economic growth through economic reports that dealt with the transport and tourism sectors through the economic report of Dubai 2018, tourism represents an industrial system and is still achieving concrete development due to the acceleration in economic, social and cultural technology and information as the world witnesses and raises the level of income and prosperity. And that the fields of transport and tourism contribute to supporting most of the fields of human and economic growth and development in their contribution to the development of many productive areas.

The study aimed at measuring the effect of administrative empowerment on the effectiveness of administrative decisions, knowledge of the level of effectiveness of administrative decisions, and the level of practice of the administrative empowerment in the pharmaceutical manufacturers in the Republic of Yemen. The study also aimed at identifying the extent in which there are statistically significant differences in the participants' responses in relation to the effectiveness of administrative decisions owing to the organizational variables, which included the company's size, age and ownership. The population of the study targeted 9 companies within pharmaceutical manufacturers in the Republic of Yemen totaling 273 individuals. The sample was selected based on the complete census and the analytical descriptive approach was adopted. Data was collected using a questionnaire. The major findings of the study revealed that the targeted companies have shown paramount interest in the effectiveness of administrative decisions with all dimensions. The average level of paramount was found the highest and the most effective dimension after administrative decisions were made and least effective after the appropriate time of decision-making. However, the level of the practice of the administrative empowerment did not reach the level of decision effectiveness where the practice level was average; On the other hand, the most dimension of administrative empowerment was the authority passing after the decision taking participation .Furthermore, there are differences at the level of the impact of the administrative dimensions on the effectiveness of administrative decisions. The study provided some recommendations including enhancing the practice of administrative empowerment in the targeted companies.

There is no doubt that FDI has a significant effect on the oil sector in Iraq, mainly when the political system was changed since April 2003. The Iraqi economy has converted from closed economic towards an openness economy. Hence, the Iraqi economic system has been reformulated, which includes investment laws to encourage and attract FDI in all the economic sectors, the petroleum sector particularly. The study aims to demonstrate the role of FDI in developing the oil sector in Iraq and how to increase productivity, besides, whether FDI has negative or positive impacts. With regard to the research hypothesis, indicated that foreign direct investment has a positive role in developing the Iraqi oil sector because it has the availability of financial and advanced technological capabilities when compared with national companies. Consequently, one of the essential conclusions which reached the study is that the foreign direct investment in the oil sector relatively led to increasing the production capacities of crude oil. Therefore, the most significant recommendation in this academic paper is that the Iraqi government should attempt to provide more investment facilities for foreign direct investors in oil sector as well as the warranty of their property rights. However, the economic feasibility studies for oil contracts that are made with the International Oil Companies (IOCs) must be carried before they enter into implementation.