Journals geographic

The study of agricultural lands is one of the important studies in the dry and semi-arid regions according to the economic environment data and the current performance indicators for cultivating these lands as they are of particular importance in achieving food security as well as driving economic development.
The continuation of agricultural land with agricultural production at the same rates, the failure to meet the needs of the population of food, and the difficulty of continuing to provide the requirements of the agricultural system, which is materially and environmentally charged, led to the thinking of a balanced agricultural system that ensures protected and productive agricultural land. And meet the requirements of current and future generations in the right to access food and the clean environment on the other.
The research included modeling the chemical properties of Najaf province to be a group of indicators on the validity of these soils, whether or not they are at a low level of production or not, and were modeled by GIS program, which is one of the most modern and efficient programs in this field

Natural characteristics in the area of the Sea of Najaf and in many countries of the world, especially climatic ones, have negative effects on human life, which requires continuous study to determine what these causes and their consequences. The floods are recurrent phenomena occurring in a certain area and during a certain period due to heavy rainfall on the lowlands and deserts, is the flood of recurring phenomena with little high water with the flow of water towards the flood plains, causing harmful effects, posing a threat to these lands inhabited by human, and the flood of the most natural disasters that speed Chara in the continent of Asia in particular and the world in general, causing financial and human losses and environmental and urban large, as measured by the severity of the disaster and gravity by the human and material costs caused by the extent of man's ability to control.
This research aims to identify the natural causes that caused the floods in the area of Najaf Sea in 2013 and its effects on the region, using the descriptive and analytical methodology and geographic information systems (GIS) to identify the range of risk and stability of these risks by creating a map of risks that should Integrated with development plans to achieve effective disaster management to reduce the risk of flood disasters in the study area. The main cause of damage from floods was uncontrolled urban encroachment on areas prone to flood and flood hazards. Located within the danger zone to assist decision-makers to understand the dangers and risks of floods and reach results before the danger to provide the necessary preparations to address them in the future, identifying future growth trends in the region, it has reached a set of conclusions and recommendations related to the aim of research.

Fodder resources in any country make up an important economical fortune that we can make use of by transforming them, using farming animals, into variable animal productions which have high nutritional and economical value.
The study aims at giving a geographical illustration for the location the map of fodder resources in Syria, and for the role its resources undertake in reviving the livestock sector in obstructing it, especially because of the growing problem represented by the scarcity of fodder during the repetitive draught seasons in Syria, in addition to the wide area of the country pastures that the governorate possesses and which contains a large number of farming animals. the thing which lead into negative social and economical effects on fodder price, then on animal production prices and consequently on the average of their consumption by the citizen and their effects on his health.
The study has also demonstrated the difficulties that the fodder sector undergoes in Syria, in addition to the perspectives of its futuristic development in a way that guarantees its economical availability and the permanency of its resources.

The geography of the population in some aspects highlights the relationship between man and his environment, the spread of diseases, the identification of the causes of these diseases, the causes of their spread and habitat, and the knowledge of the geographical factors affecting them, both natural and human, and therefore determining the quality of disease and its distribution is very vital to determine the requirements of each geographical area Or a province of medical services, whether hospitals or health centers, the purpose of which is to reduce the incidence of some diseases. There have been many researches and studies related to population and medical geography in many developed countries and the attempt to include them in geographical sections. However, the interest in the geography of diseases in many Arab universities is still limited, although Arab countries are more in need of such studies.
In this context, the present study is based on the study of one of the most important current diseases which is a burden on the infected people, namely Thalassemia blood or what is known as (genetic anemia), where the study seeks to show the spatial variability of the disease in Najaf province and the geographical analysis between males and females and the causes of disease And its symptoms and consequences, where the importance does not lie in the increasing actual number of the disease and the main causes of infection, as much as the rise in the incidence of other diseases such as diabetes and high blood pressure, which worsened in the province of Najaf, and here it should be noted that the study aims to Reduce the incidence of the disease and control and the provision of specialized centers in the province mind for people living with blood Thelsama, as well as to identify the distribution of patients with hereditary anemia in the geographical area and its relation to the causes of the disease.
One of the main findings of the research is;
1- The total number of patients with hereditary anemia is 1001 in Najaf governorate and 91 among the displaced, according to the size of the population in the governorate.
2-The percentage of male and female casualties varied, with the percentage of males being 55% higher than those in the governorate. The percentage of females was 45% of the total.
3-accompanied by cases of the disease other complications and conditions as far as the extent of some surgical operations and descend to the level of high blood pressure and diabetes.

This study attempts to reveal the spatial relation between geography and the archeological sites excavated in Babylon Governorate. It was revealed that there exists 14 archeological sites that are distributed spatially over all the administrative locations in the area. Also, the study discussed revealing the most important results that were reached through the excavation and search operations during the various seasons of excavation. It was revealed that the archeological locations in the governorate are distributed over eight periods, the Islamic era comes the first concerning the location that reaches ten locations. The modern Babylon era comes next which comprises six sites followed by the ancient Babylon era with four sites, then comes the Firthian and Sassanid eras with two sites each. We also have Al-Warkaa, Fajir Al-Sulalat and Jamdat Nasir eras with one site for each era. The results of the excavation operations uncovered several discoveries represented by constructional units which took several architectural and artistic patterns. As well as a large number of coins and bronze pieces and clay works and so on.
In spite of the large number of the discovered archeological sites and which were announced as archeological sites in the governorate that reaches 630 site, but those which were excavated are not more than fourteen site that vary in their distribution spatially and temporally.

The Tornado occurred in the north of Al- Khela district in Misan province, which existed in the southeast of Iraq. The hurricane happened at 01:15 afternoon, at the date 14th APR, 2016. The process of monitoring and analysis of the totalitarian and climatic conditions that have synchronized the appearance of the Tornado in fact has Left beside. This research paper is done for documentation of the existence of that phenomenon which is unfamiliar and even unprecedented in the weather of Iraq.
The researcher relied on the analysis of the synoptic charts of the region in which Tornado was acquired and in a sequential form by analyzing the area maps before the hurricane’s day, during the day of the hurricane and then the day after the hurricane. The researcher has a special attention to the climatic condition of the hurricane’s day in Al_Khela district, and he observed the area one hour before and after the time in which the tornado happened. The researcher depended on comprehensive maps of the mean sea level and upper air charts. He has collected and captured many photos and videos considering them as records for the event. Also briefed on the official documentaries which documented the occurrence of the hurricane and the resulting of the heavy losses that occurs due to it.
Through this paper the researcher found that the Tornado was from class (EFI) according to the classification of the improved Fujita. The wind speed varied between (110-86) miles per hour. The researcher found that the reason behind the hurricane was due to the control of a warm and moist air mass on the surface, while another cold air mass was controlling the linear level between (700-850) Hectopascal. Because of this, there was an air disturbance in the attempt to rise the wet and warm air up as it has been near to the cold air, and that in fact helped for the appearance of the Cloudy clouds

Youth is considered as one of the most significant categories for their enormous role in human development process in different countries. In Iraq, youth reaches (8718201) of the population constituting an average of (24.3)% of the total population.
The youth sector in Iraq suffers from a number of problems, most notably the unemployment which spread on a wide geographical scale, depriving the individual from the right to work stipulated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Every person must have adequate work to provide him with the necessary income to live in a dignified life for himself and his family.
The number of the unemployed indicates the seriousness of the phenomenon. Unemployed youth aged between (15-29) years reached in 2016 about (652085), an average rate of (20.4)%. The rates varied according to the governorates. The highest rates are in southern Iraq in Dhi Qar , And Maysan which were respectively (34.8-29.2)% of the total number of youth, as well as in the governorates of Kirkuk, Dahuk, Muthanna and Basra. The rate of economic activity for youth was (36.6)% around Iraq.
Youth unemployment is linked to a number of educational and marital characteristics. The study showed that the governorates with high rates of youth unemployment have at the same time a high rate of illiteracy. The governorates of southern Iraq (Muthanna and Dhi Qar), the rate of illiteracy among young people in each of them reached in the study area (23.5-10.3)%. The same is applied to the youth of the southern governorates who are married. However, unemployment increased while the proportion of young unmarried were decreased in those provinces.
The spatial relations of unemployment were represented by the simple correlation values of Pearson, which showed the effect of the variables (size of economic activity of youth, illiteracy, celibacy, marriage, urban population, total youth population in Iraq). It also indicates that the youth unemployment increases according to the ascend of the mentioned variables.
The study concluded a number of recommendations that could contribute to alleviating the severity of unemployment, among them:
1. Participation of the Ministry of Youth in the development of government policies to address the problem of unemployment.
2. Raise the level of education and rehabilitate young people to work.
3. The need to develop a strategic plan to accommodate the workforce of young people who were contended in subsequent decades.

The research includes the study of water needs for the project (Heraea - Daghara), which is one of the most important projects of irrigation and development ,that includes its both branches : social and economic the reason of the importanc of this project is owing to that it represent an agricultural side in regjon into flood plain which is dry desert climate . That climate can not be depended on rain-fed agriculture . In accordance with mentioned above , the project is a base of agriculturl flourishment for that region . The research interviews water needs for the project , in additio to irrigation efficiency. That means there is an overall water balance between water amount and wholly water needs . The research adopted on the analytical method for the study of spatial analysis of the water need in the project . on the other hand , it adopted on the quantitive approach method in the study of equations and laws and statistical data requested research. this study has founded out some impotant results ; the prevailing geographical charachteristics (natural and human) of the project are basic striking factor to increase or verify water needs , as well as the impact of traditional irrigation systems that help to increase water wasteage due to nonability of controlling the amount of water losses in the project.

Increasing the importance of water resources now in Iraq and of rivers, lakes and water bodies and ground water due to population growth and the development of civilization and urbanization and increasing human demands, especially after being hit by these water resources to major changes, including the natural such as changes of climate, such as high temperatures and fluctuating rainfall between rain a flood during the last two years In addition to human influences which represented most of the industries that were established during the sixties and seventies, which lacked the conditions and environmental requirements both in terms of the location where they were erected by those industries or in terms of liquid processors that feature high pollutants discharged directly into water sources or to public sewers without treatment or treatment of partial units this water, which is characterized by being carrying pollutants unfit for human or animal consumption, including sewage and also industrial wastewater, which is working to increase river water contamination with chemicals or by raising the degree water as a result of cooling power plants and then to influence the objects live in water Aongar water taste and addition poisoning to agricultural water of water to wash the soil and Trocar which are disbursed directly to the rivers. Reflected by the economic and social problems in many parts of Iraq, particularly the city of Baghdad and southern regions has abandoned many of the villagers their villages because of the drought and inadequate water for agriculture and the impact on the quality and quantity of water resources in Iraq and the increasing desert land and increasing dust storms in recent times with the result.
That most of the waters of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and their tributaries outside Iraq, allowing countries spring to use this fact as a pressure on Iraq by following the water cut off or reduce the incoming ones of Iraq policy, added to that the lack of awareness and sense of responsibility for the Iraqi people in the way consumption of water all of this is reflected by the economical and social problems .

The research shows the size of population in the governorates of western plateau for the period 1997-2014. Then knowing the population growth rate for these governorates. It Is shown that the growth is moving towards reduction during the study period. In addition to knowing the effect of the growth elements (births, deaths, immigration) on the population growth rate. After that, the population growth and the future population size are indicated for the year 2021. the most crucial results of the study are existing of differences in population growth rate during the study period on one hand, and on the other hand and the differences that exist in the governorates of the western plateau. Therefore, it is important to plan regularly from the responsible parties to face the big population size and following a regular population policy by decreasing births and deaths by providing living and healthy level for people

Search , which dealt with a study it has become clear ( comparable distribution of employees of the population according to the practical situation for the years( 1997 - 2014 ) , to the presence of variation and change in the nature of labor distribution according to the class action , whether at the level of research as a whole ( the large space of the province ) or at the level of districts and also emerged as the contrast the change is part of a small administrative units ( aspects ) , and due to a change in the areas of employment opportunities that have occurred in the business segments for the years of research and that goes back to recession class of work in exchange for prosperity and recovery of other types of business , these factors and the reasons have made the image work differentiated and variable , As well as political and security conditions that made the yard work turbulent , as well as the lack of alignment between classes work and what is owned by personnel of academic qualifications , and the search and there is a difference and a change in the business case for gender ratio , image is comparable distribution in the form of charts representation to give a clear visual read of this distribution.

The research examines the impact of the climate on the cultivation of maize crops in the governorate of Qadisiyah, which is one of the most important natural factors influencing agricultural activity, despite the importance of other natural factors. Its availability in a given area and its suitability with a crop of agricultural crops helps to expand the cultivation of the crop, as it is the climate factors that determine the type and production of the crop its geographical distribution and the potential to expand its cultivation. The research examined the climatic requirements of the yellow corn crop, which included the upper limits of heat And the world and the optimum temperature and the light requirements and the requirements of rain and humidity and wind the research also included studying the climatic characteristics available in the study area with its elements of solar radiation temperature precipitation humidity winds and knowledge of the power of the relationship and the correlation between the climatic characteristics available and the requirements of the crop based on Pearson Labs and test (T) the results of the study showed that there is a significant convergence between some of the climatic elements and the requirements of the yellow corn crop others are inappropriate, as analysis of the requirements for the maize crop with the climatic potentials of the study area shows that the relationship The correlation is strongly reversible for optical requirements, humidity, precipitation and wind, as the correlation value (-0.667) is the requirements thermal the compatibility of the study area with the temperature of the correlation coefficient (0.997) shows that the relationship is strong and fire the rain the differences are large and clear between the requirements of the yellow maize crop of the crop and the amount of rainfall available in the area study the study area therefore relies on irrigation water to irrigate agricultural crops because the area is dry because of its astronomical location and geographica

1. The study area is one of the agricultural areas that are famous for growing the rice crop. This is due to several natural factors related to soil, climate and abundance of irrigation water, as well as other human factors. It is cultivated as a popular heritage among the farmers of Kufa. Specialized areas for growing rice. The research aims at revealing the type of correlative relationship between the geographical components and the rice yield in the Kufa district and the strength or weakness of this relation with the area and production and indicating the areas that have the most area and production within the study area. The correlation relationship showed that there is a strong relationship between the geographic and The correlation relationship showed that there is an intermediate relationship between the geographical and the freedom components. The correlation between the geographic components and the status of the Kufa district was weak.

Tourism activity contributes to the development of areas where tourist attractions are present, due to the economic and social returns achieved by tourism in general and religious tourism, especially by attracting large numbers of visitors, as is the case for the city of Najaf, which is an important kiss towards which many Muslims And continuously, without interruption, but this tourist feature accompanied by the importance of natural ingredients and their role in increasing revenues and the contribution of tourism development, especially that the study area with important natural components such as the low sea of Najaf, and the process of investment in the right manner The aim of this study is to highlight the importance of spatial proximity to the religious and natural elements in accordance with the integrated framework in achieving tourism development for the study area, in order not to take into consideration the importance of natural elements and the possibility of activating them tourism, and if they have a developmental role in case of investment. According to the appropriate tourism plans. Therefore, attention was paid to studying these elements and planning to benefit from them tourism based on the importance of religious tourism which enjoys the city of Najaf with a religious dimension in order to achieve the diversity of tourism.