iklil for Humanity Studies

The Iraqi novel has gone through many turns since its inception until it reached the stage of artistic maturity. Since the early days of the emergence of the art of the novel in Iraq, which came at the hands of Mahmoud Ahmed Al-Sayed, especially his novel “For the sake of marriage” 1921. And the fate of the weak 1922. And his novel / Jalal Khaled / 1928. The importance of these novels lies in their temporal precedence. Al-Sayed was the first to write and publish in this art in a relatively acceptable manner. The press and the entry of printing presses helped a lot to spread the fictional art inside Iraq, especially with the beginnings of the matter and the spread of the art of the short story, which is more favorable to the press.

The historical sources mentioned the role of a number of scholars of the Islamic East in confronting the Mongols, their understanding of the religion and its protectors, and the banner of science. They are one of the most important components of the Islamic society with an intellectual and religious impact alike. Many historical resources abound with their biographies and translations. Their scientific activities, their intellectual and cultural role, their religious forums, and the various sciences and works that they authored are known for, have clarified these works about their role in change. What happened to the Islamic nation following the Mongol invasion, and their role in clarifying and detailing religious concepts, whether from beliefs, laws, or in political and social issues, and spreading the spirit of sacrifice and redemption in the hearts of Muslims, even if it cost them their lives to resist the enemies.

The city (Talberg) is a quiet city with a green nature, where forests and parks are located, and it is one of the cities that do not have many problems, which made people convinced of the life they live, as it is self-sufficient in food, an uncomplicated administrative system and a stable situation, which made people happy In their way of living, their lives, their daily activities and their comfort to stability and the permanence of a secure life

Education is considered one of the rights acquired by man since the beginning of his creation and it cannot be waived for any reason. Therefore, in this research we have deliberately explained this right and shed light on its status and importance for the individual and society.
The importance of education stems from the real content of the common demands to enlighten the life of society and the backbone of the means of development, and otherwise the shadows of underdevelopment and ignorance hang over it, and then the importance of education was indicated for each category of society, such as children, women, people with disabilities and special needs, and what are the ways to protect this right and we have found in this research To a number of results, the most prominent of which is that education is very important for the individual and society, through which a conscious generation that believes in God and religious values is created.
moral and patriotic values, loving his country, adhering to its unity, land and people, and non-discrimination between groups and sects of society.
The descriptive approach was followed to describe the status and importance of education, as well as the analytical approach to analyze constitutions and charters that the researcher reached from multiple sources. The research was divided into four chapters. In the first chapter, we discussed the concept of the right to education and its legal definition. In the second chapter, we talked about the human right to education. Education in accordance with international conventions. In the third chapter, the human right to education under exceptional circumstances. In the fourth chapter, the right to education was discussed in Iraqi constitutions and legislation.

Summary:
The criminal case is the means that society uses to hold accountable the perpetrators of crimes and impose appropriate punishment for them, and this criminal case goes through several stages to reach the stage of trial or judicial investigation, which is characterized by a set of procedures that are taken according to the type of case presented before the competent court.
Through our research, we will focus on the trial procedures in the brief and non-summary case, believing in the importance and necessity of defining the nature of those cases and mentioning the identity of each of them, with an indication of the procedures that distinguish the trial in the brief case from the non-brief case.
We will separate the statement from the aforementioned through a preface and two articles. The first topic will be devoted to explaining the trial procedures in the summary case, and the second will be to explain the trial procedures in the non-summary case.
Through research, we have reached several results, the most important of which are:
1- The court procedures in a brief case differ from that in a non-brief case.
2- One of the characteristics of a summary lawsuit is the court’s authority to issue a criminal order, which is a judicial decision that settles the lawsuit in contraventions through simplified and brief procedures.
3 - The most important characteristic of the trial procedures in the case that is not brief is the indictment of the accused, in which the summary case is devoid of this procedure.
4- Our Iraqi legislator stipulated in the Criminal Procedures Law No. 23 of 1971 on the trial procedures to be taken in the two types of cases under discussio

From the beginning of the creation and the occurrence of the crime of killing the first among the sons of one of them, when he was able to kill his brother Abel, and who hid his body from the one who hid it, the one who knew the crime under him knew what he did. (Cain) Badfn Akhiya Al-Majni Ali (Abel). And the passage of time evolves the affairs by following the limited behaviors in the body of the madman against him at the time of his death.
In fact, all the heavenly religions are important to man during his life and after his death, and he made it one of the sanctuaries, and he does not transgress that it is one of those things which he has committed in secret. And this is the observance of the laws by the passage of time.
If we do not look at the fine of the collective graves, it is against all the religious mystics and the law schools, if the number of people who have the right to do so, and the one who has the right to the one who has the right to take all the laws, The insane on them and their burial in the mass graves from the time of hiding the knowledge of the criminal who can not meet any of the students with the knowledge of the crime and the aftermath of the crime.

Summary:
Lebanon is considered one of the countries with political, ethnic and sectarian pluralism, and this is a factor that carries several dimensions, the first dimension is an example of peaceful coexistence and the strengthening of bonds, and the second dimension represents a great danger if it is exploited or employed for political gain, Lebanon and after the French and English colonialism and after the acquisition of certain families The country’s capabilities eventually led to the outbreak of the civil war, and the situation erupted out of control. Following the end of that war, the path shifted toward political conflict and the division of the state on sectarian and religious grounds. This is what has consecrated quotas a lot and the foundations in the rule of the state have become the strength and influence of the sect. The Shiites became the presidency of the parliament from their share, and the Sunnis the head of the government, while the position of the presidency of the republic went to Christ. It is difficult to hold one party to account without the other, which has led to major problems, foremost of which are corruption, lack of services and weak affiliation.
On the other hand, Hariri's assassination deepened the division and led to strong rifts and mutual accusations. All of these things had lost political stability. Of course, in the absence of political stability, other aspects of life are absent with it, which leaves internal and external effects that affect and be affected.

The topic of the current research is summarized with regard to licensing for the purposes of mining investment in the Arab Gulf countries. The research deals with the issue of mining investment and what are the laws that have been dealt with، especially the new investment law، and what are the conditions for obtaining investment and the obligations of investors، taking into account also the new development of investment laws and what Experiments resulted in problems when executing the investment contract with exposure to the mining investment law in Saudi Arabia، as it is the largest of the Gulf countries and its interest in the issue of investment in the Arab Gulf region. Then، after completing the research، the results of the research were presented in the conclusion. And the fact that investment or investment law is recent in the Arab Gulf region and the accompanying problems in mining operations through investment، the research tried to identify these problems and find effective solutions to them.

The impact of the ongoing war in Syria since 2011, which has spread throughout the region and for years to come, revealed the existence of wide regional and international interventions in it that included Russia, Turkey, Iran, the United States, the Arab Gulf states and (Israel), which reshaped the role of these forces throughout The region, and the war led to the emergence of two opposing alliances in the region, each of which includes Arab states, Arab and non-Arab regional powers, global powers, and local non-state actors. These or similar alliances may reappear in other Middle Eastern conflicts, in addition to the presence of military interventions from Third, local and foreign forces, which have been fighting directly in Syria or the warring factions supported indirectly since 2012, these forces have included states and major non-state players, along with hundreds of armed groups, Islamists, secularists, rebel and pro-regime minorities, and finally this conflict is all Its political and military manifestations are a reflection of economic goals represented by the existence of important reserves of energy resources, oil and gas, in addition to Syria's strategic location for the passage of these resources to global markets. Why is the task especially in Europe. That is why this study will show the strategic and economic importance of the Eastern Mediterranean region and the regional and international competition to acquire it, including the importance of Syria as an important country in the region.

The political process in Iraq witnessed different demonstrations , protests and sits-inamounted almost to six main demonstrations as a political result of the regime's different crises and conflicts . It variedbetween political opposition to political parties and to political alliances participating in the political process as an expression of its rejection to a certain policy , and/ or decisions issued as it is the case in the demonstrations of ( 2013/ 2016 /2017 /2018) which wasable to serve its interest in the direction for more political participation in the political power , and other demonstrations stemmedfrom the awareness of the mass of their stolen rights and as an uprising against the status quo due to ( poverty , unemployment ,
The recent demonstrations were the focus of the study and the research ,due to the fact. that they weren't led by political parties and alliances , yet, were away from nationalism and factionalism .However, its key objective is reforming and correcting the political system .Given that the political power could curb the demonstrations of
( 2011) within the period of one hundred days designated for the government after having the Al-Sadri Current intervening in it ,and that the demonstrations of 2015 were quenched by giving job opportunities to the newly established institutions in the " Popular mobilization" and that they shall also pave the way for the youth to migrate to the European Union , nevertheless, the government couldn’t overcome the demonstrations of 2019 for numerous reasons among which some are latent in the state's institutions represented by the chronic crises ( corruption/ unemployment / poverty)and some others represent instantaneous driving force for demonstrations projected in the high awareness of the masses protesting for their rights , and also the dossier of appointments in the state's institutions after being suspended for three years of the period ( 2017- 2019) , also benefiting from the experiences of previous demonstrations which were quenched by the government and the interference of the political parties which worked on procrastinating it .
However, we could say that the strength of these demonstrations , its independency , and the participation of the trade unions and religious groups in supporting it , and also the sacrifices made by the protesting youth , collectively succeeded in overthrowing the government and conducting key reforms in the mechanisms of the political system's function laid out by amending the previous elections law ( proportionate representation) which was the key factor behind the hegemony of a certain traditional elite and the absence of the establishing political opposition , weakness of the oversight apparatuses followed by chronic crises , the approval of the new elections law of 2019 represented by the individual election which gives strength to the elected deputy before his party and makes him / her more responsible before his constituency . Also, the amendment of the Independent High Electoral Commission Law , and forming interim government in order to pave the way for conducting early elections which will represent the volition and aspiration of the people .

The current research is a literary survey on artistic expression in children’s drawings. The research aims to present and provide information on the subject of artistic expression in various topics and aspects. The research takes place about the concept of artistic expression and its importance in aspects of social behavior، psychological adjustment، imagination، imagination and technological development in the means of communication and communication. During the previously published research، where the basic aspects and common topics were presented، the research was also discussed، and as a result، conclusions emerged that proved the effectiveness of artistic expression in children’s drawings in revealing the social behavior and psychological factors that children were exposed to in different age stages to adolescence and the effect of comic stories and imagination on Thinking and awareness، including the tremendous impact of technological development by means of audio-visual communication in children's drawings.

The study aimed to identify the effect of using blended learning on the skill performance of female students of the Institute of Fine Arts for Girls in the subject of colors. In order to achieve the goal، two null hypotheses، before and after، were formulated. The research community consisted of (50) female students، the experimental group consisted of (25) female students and the control group (25) male students. The research tool consisted of a skill performance test measured by the performance evaluation form، which consisted of (8) items to verify validity and reliability. The researcher used many statistical methods، including the T-test. The most important results were the superiority of the experimental group over the control group because of the organized and interesting procedures and according to the steps of the integrated learning in the subject of colors.

The school dropout problem is one of the dangerous problem facing developing countries in general and Iraq in particular and it almost has negative effects agrent impact on the individual ,family and society levels process of construction economic and social development thus , in involves the destruction of the economy and financial and administrative capaeity .which leads to the states inability to face the challenges necessary for constructive knowledge, economic and social growth .
She encountered this problem of interest to many researchers and those interested and scholars have been working to develop and establish an institutional framework how is the purpose of surrounding the problem and develop solutions and treatments for them .
Through scientific serious and thoughtful steps .
Its purpose is to combat or limit the spread of leakage problem and leave the study seats in every way and manifestation and work to accelerate the process of social economic and educational through the preparation of studies and research necessary for the purpose following – up to address the evolution of the problem , become eroded in the body of the Iraqi society in a clear way and the ensuing spread of illiteraey ,ignorance and backwardness ,child labor and beggary in addition to hight crime rates this lead to impeding the required development processes.

The school dropout problem is one of the dangerous problem facing developing countries in general and Iraq in particular and it almost has negative effects agrent impact on the individual ,family and society levels process of construction economic and social development thus , in involves the destruction of the economy and financial and administrative capaeity .which leads to the states inability to face the challenges necessary for constructive knowledge, economic and social growth .
She encountered this problem of interest to many researchers and those interested and scholars have been working to develop and establish an institutional framework how is the purpose of surrounding the problem and develop solutions and treatments for them .
Through scientific serious and thoughtful steps .
Its purpose is to combat or limit the spread of leakage problem and leave the study seats in every way and manifestation and work to accelerate the process of social economic and educational through the preparation of studies and research necessary for the purpose following – up to address the evolution of the problem , become eroded in the body of the Iraqi society in a clear way and the ensuing spread of illiteraey ,ignorance and backwardness ,child labor and beggary in addition to hight crime rates this lead to impeding the required development processes.

The school dropout problem is one of the dangerous problem facing developing countries in general and Iraq in particular and it almost has negative effects agrent impact on the individual ,family and society levels process of construction economic and social development thus , in involves the destruction of the economy and financial and administrative capaeity .which leads to the states inability to face the challenges necessary for constructive knowledge, economic and social growth .
She encountered this problem of interest to many researchers and those interested and scholars have been working to develop and establish an institutional framework how is the purpose of surrounding the problem and develop solutions and treatments for them .
Through scientific serious and thoughtful steps .
Its purpose is to combat or limit the spread of leakage problem and leave the study seats in every way and manifestation and work to accelerate the process of social economic and educational through the preparation of studies and research necessary for the purpose following – up to address the evolution of the problem , become eroded in the body of the Iraqi society in a clear way and the ensuing spread of illiteraey ,ignorance and backwardness ,child labor and beggary in addition to hight crime rates this lead to impeding the required development processes.

The current research aims to address the problem of the low level of student achievement in the subject of history through the use of the strategy (the fruitful tree) and knowing its impact on raising the level of achievement of the literary fifth students and developing creative thinking in the subject of history.
To achieve this goal، (64) female students were selected and distributed into two groups، one of them was an experimental group that included (32) students who were taught using the (fruitful tree) strategy، and the other was a control group that included (32) female students who were taught in the traditional way. The researcher also adopted the creative thinking test (Al-Sayyid Khairallah، 1981) to measure creative thinking، and at the end of the experiment the two choices were applied achievement and creative thinking.
After correcting and processing the data statistically، the results showed that the experimental group that was studied using the (fruitful tree) strategy outperformed the control group that was taught in the traditional way in the achievement and development of creative thinking among the literary fifth grade students.
In light of the results of the research، the two researchers presented a set of recommendations and suggestions.

Praise be to God, the two perfect trusts, and prayers and peace be upon our Prophet Muhammad and his family and companions. The means that God Almighty has legislated for people to return to the religion of instinct is: the call with its conditions and pillars, and it is for which messengers were sent, and preachers were assigned, to achieve the truth, and spread justice and mercy among the servants, and I did in this research, something of that, through a statement Features of the advocacy approach and its means on the authority of Dr. Muhammad Rateb al-Nabulsi. Al-Nabulsi is considered an encyclopedic scholar whose method of advocacy must be benefited by scholars in the field of advocacy, in order to suit the contemporary reality As for the preface, it included the life of Dr. Nabulsi, and as for the second topic: it dealt with the features of the advocacy approach of Nabulsi, and the second topic dealt with the means and methods of the advocacy approach of Nabulsi, and the conclusion included the most important results that it reached.

Summary:
The research deals with the issue of social solidarity and its impact on confronting the Corona pandemic, and social solidarity means that all members of society are united in preserving the interests of each of them and preserving the building of society, and this research deals with the problem of facing the Corona epidemic at the social level. And in activating social solidarity at the governmental level, civil institutions and individuals, a large part of the solution lies in facing the troubled circumstance. And this solution was not only associated with the Corona pandemic, but it has been throughout history since antiquity. . The research dealt with the various sources of social solidarity such as zakat, zakat al-fitr, alms, donations, aid, charitable works, orphan sponsorship, support for the disabled and the sick, communication, visiting and other things that Islam brought and its depth in the Islamic society until it became established customs in it. The research also presented different forms of state and organizations activity in promoting solidarity. social, At the end of the research, the most important effects of social solidarity, foremost among which is the achievement of the principle of mutual guardianship among the believers, based on the Almighty’s saying: The phenomena of delinquency and crime that arise from deprivation. Solidarity contributes to paying harm to the members of society and fulfilling the needs of the needy at this difficult time in which the Corona pandemic is spreading.

Abstract:
The perception of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad, in Western culture is one of the more complicated themes to explain. This essay will attempt an impartial look at the European people's reception of Islam and its founder, in particular after the the beginning of the end of the of Islam era in the Western lands. The main exploration is the figure of Muḥammad in the Italian imagination, especially in the Middle Age period.
The first part of the essay will discuss Western/Christian perception of the Islamic prophet as seen in legends, tales, and religious homilies. The second part will show examples of those thoughts in one of the important Italian writers in the XV Century, Andrea Da Barberino. (All examples will be given in Italian “volgare”)

(The impact of the significance of words on the fundamentalists in deducing legal rulings)
This research dealt with the subject of fundamental semantics (phrases investigations) and its impact on the process of deriving legal rulings. Therefore, it was necessary to emphasize the significance of the semantics for the fundamentalists, because the fundamentalists discussed the meaning of the word in terms of usage, so the speaker either uses the word in what is placed for it, it is a fact, and in others it is a metaphor.
It is considered a spread to the relationship between the science of meanings and the principles of jurisprudence, as he says (I know that the science of the principles of jurisprudence and meanings is extremely overlapping, for the news and the construction in which the meanings are spoken are extremely overlapping)
This research has received a number of results in which the fundamentalists’ interest in linguistic studies, especially those concerned with the study of meanings, and that the science of semantics has the largest share among the other sciences adopted by the scholars of origins, so we find them have expanded in their books on semantics.

He makes him do the drawing, and he puts it on himself, he does his work, and he puts it on himself, and he inserts it into the framework of the work and his rise, an imaginary character that the writer takes on the guise of saying what he wants under a pseudonym, or an unknown name; This shape represents the text area and the shape that represents it.
Based on the epistemological basis that organizes the conceptual field in literature theory, the narrator element is included in the narrative literature system with a group of elements that contribute to the structure of the narration, but this does not prevent us from tracking it in the poetic gender, as an influential element in building or directing the poem, especially If we find his features that do not look different from the incubator in which he grew up.
In this regard, the researcher would like to stand on the truth of the novel written by the pre-Islamic poet Imru’ al-Qays in a group of verses in his commentary under the title (Darat Jaljal) and how accurate or true it is, using the same commentary and the accompanying narratives in the same framework according to what he sees; Therefore, the ink was the first and most abundant in proving his convictions, and establishing the idea that the narrator could make mistakes or be inaccurate in his transmission, or describe things and situations.

Polyphonic novels, in Bakhtin’s term-the term polyphony is a concept barrowed from musicology- are the novels that have multivoiced characters meant to avoid unilateral perspective and monotonous language and style. This multivoicedness underpins conflicting perspectives and ideologies. Such multivoicedness is the outcome of decentralization wherein the author grants her characters the storytelling responsibility in an environment that separates the author from her authorship responsibilities; giving those characters a significant margin to show disagree with her and to establish a conflict with her own views via fictional dialogues. Such dialogues are written in such a way as if those characters attempts to evade the authorial control or to stage a rebellion against the author herself when expressing their attitudes towards a particular state of affairs. In such cases, those characters tend to narrate events in their own ways, depending on their personal perspectives, i.e. internal focalization, wherein the narrator provides no information or interpretation unless it is proffered by the narrating character first. This invites the implicit reader to opt for the appropriate ideological stance and perspective, without giving the chance for the narrator to alienate that reader. In this sense, the polyphonic novel differs from the monologal novel, which has a unilateral narrator and attitude, as well as unilateral language, style and perspective. The polyphonic novel allows for dialogic pluralism at the levels of the narrators, patterns, characters, readers and ideological positions.

Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the master of creation, Muhammad, and upon his pure and pure family and his chosen companions.
The Qur’anic text represents the perpetual river that waters all sciences, especially the sciences of the Arabic language. Because of the miracles of syntactic, grammatical, rhetorical, semantic and morphological.
The Qur’anic text represents one of the heavenly texts, and its primary goal is to communicate legislation to people, as well as stories, wisdom, and other things from here.
From here, I tried to study the pilgrims in the Qur’anic text, and I chose the two surahs (Thunder and Ibrahim) to juxtapose the two surahs, as well as the two surahs that included evidence of the research and that they were among the surahs that the pilgrim side did not study independently.
I have devoted my research to (argumentative factors); Because of its importance in supporting the single argument that supports the argument of the Qur’anic text and works to make it influential in the recipients.
From all of the above, my research was under the title ((The Pilgrims in Surat Al-Ra’d and Ibrahim - The Pilgrim Factors as a Model-)).

Summary:
This research reviews with an analytical view، but it is brief and quick the important facts from the life of the late Imam Khomeini from birth to death. However، it is necessary to present a brief biography of the imam's life and to identify the most prominent stages of his scientific and political life in order to be an overview of his biography.

The Jews lived in Iran since the sixth century BC, where the Babylonian captivity, as Iran was the land of exile and the Jews preferred to live in it since the era of Cyrus. However, their conditions were not clear in most eras up to the twentieth century in general and in the Pahlavi era in particular. Which can be considered the golden age for the Jews in Iran. They were allowed to participate in various aspects of economic, political and even military life during the reign of Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi, which made them prefer staying in Iran than emigrating to the Zionist entity despite the strong relations between them. However, the outbreak of the revolution The Islamic Republic and then the declaration of the Islamic Republic was a motive for some of them to emigrate from Iran. However, those who preferred to stay lived under the rule of the jurist, which characterizes the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Its provisions included the rights of minorities to freedom and a decent life. Thus, Iran has preserved its Jews and their rights under Islamic Republic

The Jews lived in Iran since the sixth century BC, where the Babylonian captivity, as Iran was the land of exile and the Jews preferred to live in it since the era of Cyrus. However, their conditions were not clear in most eras up to the twentieth century in general and in the Pahlavi era in particular. Which can be considered the golden age for the Jews in Iran. They were allowed to participate in various aspects of economic, political and even military life during the reign of Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi, which made them prefer staying in Iran than emigrating to the Zionist entity despite the strong relations between them. However, the outbreak of the revolution The Islamic Republic and then the declaration of the Islamic Republic was a motive for some of them to emigrate from Iran. However, those who preferred to stay lived under the rule of the jurist, which characterizes the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Its provisions included the rights of minorities to freedom and a decent life. Thus, Iran has preserved its Jews and their rights under Islamic Republic

The victory of the Islamic Revolution in Iran on February 11, 1979, under the leadership of Ayatollah Seyyed Ruhollah Khomeini, contributed to an important development in the form of the political system of the Islamic Republic and its official institutions. He represented all the authorities in the country, but the victory of the revolution and the declaration of the Islamic Republic put in place the preparation of a political system that suits the country's political and religious needs, that is, the merging of the Western "republic" idea and the "Islamic" religious idea.
In light of this, the structure of the system has become based first on the position of Wali al-Faqih on which other institutions are based, and from it two authorities emerge: the Assembly of Experts and the Expediency Council, and the executive authority represented by the President of the Republic and the Council of Ministers, and the legislative authority represented by the Islamic Consultative Council and the Guardian Council. The judiciary, and there are other institutions linked to the political system, namely the military institution, represented by the army, the Revolutionary Guards, and the Basij. All these institutions were linked to each other to form the structure of the political system in the Islamic Republic of Iran.
In order to show the importance of these institutions in political decision-making, both at the internal and external levels, the researchers adopted the methodology of objective analysis in knowing the activities of each of these institutions, and the obstacles that the regime faced during the victory of the Islamic Revolution and the ensuing challenges that would have weakened the new regime had it not been for the cohesion of these institutions. Which dealt with many problems in light of the spread of Western ideas, by emphasizing the importance of building Islamic regular institutions away from the eastern and western systems in which Islamic legislation is taken into account according to the doctrine of the people of the Prophet’s house, peace be upon them

Russia's diplomacy towards the Ottoman Empire from the Paris Conference to the Berlin Conference (1856-1878)
This study aims to know the nature of Russian diplomacy towards the Ottoman Empire during the time period between (1856-1878), that is, from the beginning of the Paris conference until the end of the Berlin Conference, and between the diplomatic research that Russia followed towards the Ottoman Empire and its attempts to exploit the changes that occurred in the international situation In Europe to expand at the expense of the Ottoman Empire, the study also clarified the position of the Ottoman Empire and the position of the major European countries towards that diplomacy.

This study aims at knowing the nature of the issue of dismissing Cuba from American States Organization in 1962 as a result to the behavior of Cuba especially after the Revolution in 1959 under leadership of Fidel Castro .The Revolution of Cuba represents the greater challenge for United States Administration especially after it became an important ideologically an military base for Soviet Union as Cuba takes the Communism as political Doctrine after transform Cuba economy to Socialist economy .It was expected that United States interfere and launch strong campaign against Cuba .The United States used in this campaign several methods submitted financial and military support to the opposition of the Revolution , making spy and destruction in Cuba , impose a ban on trade with Cuba and separate Cuba from Latin America states as it formed a great danger on the future of these states as all member states in this organization agree that the communism is the real danger .Thus the act of Cuba in embrace the Communism as a glaring violation of American States Organization American States Organization Pact .So the organization decided the dismissing resolution in 30 of December 1`962 in Bonta Del Aste Conference and Cuba is considered after this date out of American States Organization

Britain believed that the people of Najaf lacked a mature political position, and that their role was confined to the walls of the mosques. But after its occupation of Iraq, Britain reached a complete conviction that the people of Najaf, and behind them the religious establishment, were able to mobilize Iraqi public opinion against the occupiers and preserve national unity. During the period 1918-1920 Iraq witnessed important political events such as the plebiscite of 1918 and the formation of the Iraqi Interim Government.
The research included an introduction, two main topics, and a conclusion, and was based on many published and unpublished Iraqi and British documents, as well as Arabic books and translated into Arabic, theses, dissertations, and other sources.

Summary:
Sale city was originally a small village is located on the Atlantic coast of Morocco. When the general Uqbah ibn Nafi opened the city the people of the city declared their conversion to Islam, then it was taking by Al Adarissa, and it was destroyed by Al Murabitun at the beginning of their era. The city of Sale witnessed urban development during the reign of the prince Yusuf ibn Tashfin also during Al Muwahideen era between the middle of the eleven century to the middle of the thirteen century this city had flourished unlike other important cities in Morocco.
As for the Marini era the city continued as it was during Al Muwahideen they chose it to be the second capital after Fas for them and a military base for the passing armies to Al Andalus after that Sale start to welcome the muslims who emigratef from Al Andalus. Sale continued to be the subject of interest for the Bni Marin sultans and that helped the city to rise again under the shadow of a country contributed to preserve what left of the Islamic knowledge. Sale continued to be the culture center and a city whose its people inherit the knowledge generation by generation where the knowledge decanted from certain ancestry in the city and the scientific movement, where the appearance of jurists, judges, modernists and ascetics; made Sale a distinguishable from the other cities in Morocco in matters of jihad, devout and science during the Marin era.

This research shows prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him)’s role in building Islamic society ,in addition to studying some historical evidences ,this research contains three researches:
~first research :great prophet’s role in accomplishing social building.
~second research :great prophet’s role in accomplishing political building.
~third research :great prophet’s role in accomplishing economical building.
Some of the feedback this research have cleared:
Prophet’s role (peace be upon him) in adding the intellectual and moral frames to Islamic society. The prophet(peace be upon him) had added the first base in social building when he achieved harmony and brotherhood in Al-medina’s society ,and achieved social building in the contract that have been made between Muslims and medina’s people from Jewish and Polytheists. The building of Islamic country in Al-medina was important in establishing a base for Muslims ,and standing for it and its gains ,and to stop the danger sources that mess with the peace in it ,and facing the economical war that bursted against the Muslims and by that it moved into an advanced stage by ruining the enemy’s economy.
The prophet worked on destroying the unemployment, and worked on the induction into work and accomplished social solidarity .the moral side in getting money sources was one of a kind experience ,and the Islamic economical system finds it a great system full of stable economic factors and plants the love of full job work in the spirits and to keep this money from profusion

Minister Al-Muhallabi, Aba Muhammad Al-Hassan bin Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Harun, grew up poor and hard in his early life, before taking over the ministry, from poverty, hardship, and lack of need. The Buyids were given to Prince Moez al-Dawla al-Bawihi Ahmed bin Buyah, and his ministry lasted for thirteen years until he took office in the year 352 AH.
The study was divided into an introduction and two sections. The first topic included his political, administrative and economic reforms. It included first: his political and administrative qualities, secondly, his assumption of the position of the ministry, and third, his economic and administrative reforms. The second topic dealt with his role in the military field, which included first: his war with Imran bin Shaheen, and secondly his war with the owner Oman Yusuf bin Wajih.

Through this subject I will، on the plight of Muslims range of long-lived long in the land of Al-Andalus، which was a Muslim for eight centuries (92_897 AH / 1492 AD). The Spaniards defeated the Christians in the year (897 AH / 1492) Vsamoahm mistreated and forced them to perform the rites of Christian belief and disbelief Kaltnasr and triangulation and eating pork and drinking wine and call people names Christianity and Christian Bass outfit. It also forced them to repudiate the convictions of all Muslims، and to abandon Islamic manifestations of the phenomenon of them and inward. They judge the whole of otherwise or burned to death by hanging or life imprisonment or the temporary or confiscate funds، and other severe sanctions that were to contain the list of terrorism Christian notorious known throughout history in the name of the Inquisition .
Christians Spaniards have dubbed this sect of Muslims who remained in their hands after falling Andalus name (Almaurickjon Moriscos) any young Muslims to distinguish them and Tsgara of their business، as they call name new Christians Cristianos nuevos .
As we will discuss the study and analysis of the lives of these helpless people on their heads، and those who have lived in their own land and Mstqarham Knsary outwardly and inwardly Muslims. We will focus primarily on the basis of the fasting month of Ramadan، Eid Al-Fitr and celebrate the fact that the two most deeply rooted in their lives Alebadtin، and being more cult keeps them all، they are so different in terms of the appearance of an Islamic vanishing and finish in Andalusia at the time. We will try to answer some questions and inquiries، which revolve in the mind of the reader to the history of this group of Muslims and were starving the severity of the plight for the fasting month of Ramadan، Eid Al-Fitr celebration is to label them hurt Christians and harsh judgments، and ignored by ignoring sight by many historians and researchers .

Before and after the fall of the Abbasid Caliphate at the hands of the year (656 AH /1258 AD) , many Iraqis immigrated to Egypt and the Levant during the era of the Mamluk state , and transferred with them their wealth , experiences and cultures , and some of them settled at the beginning of their migration in the Levant , and the other part settled in Egypt Especially in Cairo and Alexandria , they worked in different fields under more secure and stable conditions , and many of them gained great prestige and great favor with the Mamluk sultans , and they had clear influences in all aspects of life ,especially the side Civilizational politics .

The subject of (wills) occupies an important aspect in the field of historical research, as it represents a document that preserves for us an accurate picture of the era and the time in which they were said, and it also reflects many of the political, social and economic aspects that can be sensed from the folds of the hadith of the testator and the recommended.
The will that we mean here is what its owners say in their last hours of their life, and before leaving it, thus it acquires a general cognitive and special historical value, as it represents unique moments of honesty with one’s self, a moment of contemplation on the paths of life, and a summary of the rich experiences that a person presents to his children or kin close to him. In Andalusia, there are many commandments documented by historians for us, and they are diverse and different, and we will try to stand on 3 models of them, each of which relates to a specific historical stage, the AL-Murabitteen era, then the Muwahideen, then the Kingdom of Granada, sensing the historical meanings that it included, and the circumstance in which it was said, And the meanings and messages it carried, by analyzing its texts, linking them to their historical stage, and showing their conclusions, benefiting undoubtedly from the previous efforts that stood at them

Summary:
There is no doubt that the kingdom of Dahes was in the ancient Yemeni kingdoms، which had a clear impact on the course of historical events in the south of the Arabian Peninsula.
The oldest names appearing in the Musnad inscriptions and classical sources are Yafa، Sarru and Himyar as (Dahes)، as this kingdom was the foothold of the Yafa tribes، which had a prominent role in alliances and activities on the political and economic level.
The importance of the kingdom of Dahes is due to the fact that it was contemporary with large kingdoms that were under its banner at times and independent of it at other times، as well as its active presence in the stones and events of ancient Yemen، which were immortalized by the Musnad inscriptions.