Al-Nahrain Journal of Science

The Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a feature of the various menstrual cycles, infertility, hormonal irregularities, and hyperandrogenism. Insulin resistance, lipedema and hyperandrogenism are the most widespread endocrine disorder in PCOS. Most half of women with PCOS suffer from hirsutism, weight gain, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, hypothyroidism, and dyslipidemia. The Aim of the Study is to measure thyroid function, especially hypothyroidism in women with the polycystic ovarian syndrome and its association with insulin resistance. It also aims to estimate the effect of hypothyroidism on the level of each of the following biochemical parameters: lipid profile, glucose, insulin, anti mullerain hormones, sex hormone and thyroid disorders frequency (hypothyroidism) in PCOS. Subjects, Materials and Methods: This study was performed on patients in the outpatient clinics of the Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility Clinic and at the al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital in 2020, and it included 30 (control group) and 70 patients, including 35 euthyroid PCOS and 35 hypothyroidism PCOS (PCOS group), in the age group 15-45 years. Thyroid hormone levels Thyroxine (FT3, FT4) and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Prolactin (PRL), Testosterone, Progestogen, Estradiol (E2), Anti Mullerian Hormones (AMH), Thyroperoxidase Anti Bodies (anti TPO), Insulin were measured by using a device cobas e411, and Lipid profile and Glucose by using a device cobas c311. Results: There was an increase in TSH levels, a decrease in thyroxine, an increase in lipid profile levels, an increase in the sex hormones levels, increase glucose and insulin resistance which is a sign of diabetes type 2. However, the reverse is noticed in the relation of hypothyroidism on PCOS with weight gain, lipids, insulin resistance, androgynism and hirsutism. The most frequent thyroid disorders affecting PCOS in this study were found to be autoimmune thyroiditis and hypothyroidism.

Adopted PVC with aromatic amines, (dimethyl amino benzyldehyde (No.1), aminophenol (No.2), benzidine (No.3) and 4,4-diaminodiphenylsulphone (No.4) were investigated using UV light source at 340 nm. the changing in FTIR spectroscopy for carbonyl and polyene groups was monitored, I(C=C) and I(c=o) was calculated during different period of irradiation time, in addition, the molecular weight of PVC and PVC adopted sheets was obtained using viscosity method. the results show the aromatic amines behave as a good photostabilizer in order: No. No.2No.3 > No.4. The morphology of the sheets surface achieved by AFM analysis which assigned that the roughness factor (Rq) of the blank, No.2 and No.4 sheets was (Rq=73.0), (Rq=240), (Rq=213) before irradiation and (Rq=180), (Rq=281), (Rq=285) after radiation respectively.

This review highlighted the analysis techniques of hydroxamic acid (HAs) and Organotin (IV) Hydroxamates. Different isomerism, keto and enol form, as well as, intra and inter hydrogen bonding are confirmed through spectroscopic studies. In addition all organotin (IV) complexes geometries were studied and explained in this review depending on different analysis techniques done by researchers.

The high-temperature superconductor like YBa2Cu3O6.5+d was prepared by solid-state reaction method at calcination temperatures (900 °C). The crystal structure was confirmed using X-ray diffraction, and it was found that YBa2Cu3O6.5+d showed orthorhombic phase with lattice parameters (a = 3.82030, b = 3.88548, and c = 11.6835 Å) with space group (Pmmm). The sample was sintered at sintering temperatures (900 °C) for (24 hr). The oxygen excess (d) was nearly (0.36), which was effective in the appearing superconducting properties. The sample YBa2Cu3O6.86 had a critical temperature of about (92 K). The simulation on the XRD-pattern was necessary to predicate the shape of the unit cell and the position of atoms in the unit cell. The last is very important to find some theoretical date, which are benefit in the predication the conductivity parameters through the sequence's unit cells, which are useful in the conductivity mechanism. This mechanism is depending on the concept of interlayer coupling, so the number of the layers including the unit cell is effective parameter in the conductivity mechanism through the normal resistivity created.

In this paper the survival function of the Power Lomax distribution is estimated by two methods of estimation, which are the maximum likelihood method and the moment method. The obtained estimators contain non-linear equations that cannot be solved by ordinary mathematical methods and do not represent the estimations clearly, so a simulated annealing algorithm was used to solve this problem, then simulation was used to compare the estimation methods based on the statistical comparison criterion mean squares of integral error (IMSE) and to get the best estimator for survival function. The results show the preference the maximum likelihood method than the moment method.

In this paper, we have applied Sawi transform with homotopy perturbation method to obtain analytic approximation for non-linear integro-differential Equations. The proposed technique is compared with homotopy perturbation method and Abood transform homotopy perturbation method. The results show that Sawi transform homotopy perturbation is an efficient approach to solve non-linear integro-differential equations.

The main objective of this article is to study the degree of best one-sided multiplier approximation of unbounded functions by means of the average modulus of smoothness by using sequences of algebraic polynomials Pn of degree less than n, n ³ r + 1, also in this search we shall prove a direct theorem by sequences Pn and some results.

This paper suggests and analyses a model consisting of two commensal populations with Michaelis-Menten type of harvesting for the first population. The first harvested commensal species draws strength from the second hosted species. The overall dynamics are provided to achieve the coexistence, stability and persistence of the equilibrium points for the proposed system. The local bifurcation near the positive equilibrium point is attained. Moreover, numerical simulation using MATLAB is investigated to the impact of the commensalism interaction on the behavior of the planned model. The analysis shows that the role of commensalism prevents the first population from extinction, which could be helpful for the survival of both species.

Diabetes is a disease that produces high blood sugar levels and is one of the most deadly and long-term illnesses. Artificial intelligence plays an essential role in this sector since High-performance and accuracy of Artificial intelligence algorithms can be used to reduce classification errors by enhancing classification accuracy in detecting and classifying gestational diabetes. The Iterative Dichotomiser3 (ID3) algorithm, which is utilized to identify gestational diabetes, was one of the most significant algorithms employed in this study, and it produced findings with high performance and accuracy of 94 percent. The Pima Indians Diabetes dataset uses machine learning to address this issue in the community. The results of the proposed method were examined and confirmed for accuracy using data from the University of California, Irvine (UCI) database; this strategy can be used to categorize diabetes in the health sector.

Background. Since humanity is attempting to challenge the COVID-19 pandemic by accelerating the production of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, there could be opposite health side-effects on the participants and researchers. Materials and Methods: Institutions, governments, companies, and organizations around the world work relentlessly to produce drugs and/or vaccines for this disease; yet none were approved. In this work, we are presenting the technologies platforms, developed vaccines, development challenges, and the under-process vaccines. Results: The recent developments in the diagnosis and types of vaccines were also discussed. Conclusion: Many vaccines were invented to stop COVID-19’s spreading using different techniques.

SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19), the cause of coronavirus disease, has several variations. Some are thought to be particularly important or have been said to be so, because of their potential for greater transmissibility, Virus pathogenicity has grown, or vaccinations against them have become less effective. These mutations have a role in the COVID-19 pandemic's persistence.

The B.1.1.529-Omicron variant, found in many coronavirus cases reported in South Africa discovered late 2021, having a surprisingly great number of mutations which raise a concern toward the spreadablity of this variant and severity of illness in comparison to other corona virus variants as well as the effectivity of the available vaccinations. This review summarizes of the most recent information and the answers to most of the world's questions about Omicron.