Engineering and Technology Journal

This study is aimed to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of Eruca Sativa leafs in liver and kidney enzymes of mice. Thirty male albino mice average weight 25gm were divided into 5 groups included group1 (normal diet), group2 (injected with carbontetrachloride CCl4), group3 (injected with CCl4 + 0.5mg/ml Eruca sativa extract), group4 (injected with CCl4 + 1mg/ml Eruca sativa extract), and group5 (injected with CCl4 + 2mg/ml Eruca sativa extract). Serum liver and kidney functions tests were estimated. The results showed that Eruca Sativa extracts at concentration 2mg/ml improved liver and kidney functions. We concluded that, Eruca sativa extracts may exert their prophylactic and treatment role against oxidative stress produced by CCl4 by increasing/maintaining the levels of antioxidant molecules and antioxidant enzymes

A theoretical study for three level laser systems, describes the interaction
process between optical fields and optical fiber material of amplifier. This study gives
a simple approach expression for gain coefficient which depends on some parameters
such as input power pump rate, number of doped atoms per unit volume, fiber length
and core radius. It has been found that In order to keep the fiber amplifiers doped
with praseodymium as short as possible with good efficiency, it is best to increasing
the doped concentration. For 3m length and 24 3 510 ion/m doping concentration,
the gain is 8dB, while for same length and pump power the gain is >10dB if doping
concentration 24 3 810

Corannulene, coronene and circulene are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) compounds were chosen in this research to study the preparation of new buckyballs with diameters smaller fraction of nano-meter theoretically may achievable using the density function theory (DFT). The results showed that the shapes of stable molecules are; corannulene molecule is bowl-shaped, coronene molecule is planar, circulene molecule has a unique saddle-shaped structure. Upon to cyclic dimerization reaction for two of the molecules selected resulting a new buckyballs formation. The results showed that the new buckyballs prepared have high efficiency in the gap energy, making it potentially useful for solar cell applications

Nanocrystalline PbS thin films have been deposited on glass substrates by Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) technique using lead acetate ,KoH, thiourea and T.E.A. The films were btained in a reaction bath at times of (15 ,30 ,45 ,60 and 90)min. Structure and surface morphology of thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD indicates that the films have cubic structure. The crystallite size of the films were found to vary from (4.9 to 11.3 nm).The band gaps of the nanocrystalline PbS were determined from UV-Vis spectrophotometer and were found to be in the range( 1.72 -2.4 eV).

Cadmium oxide thin film has been synthesized using spray pyrolysis method. The structural and optical properties of the film were study by usingX-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force microscope (AFM), and UV- VIS spectroscopy. Result show that the film has spherical shape grain with size (460nm) and band gap (2.49eV). Moreover, the RMS equal to 58.7 nm.

To solve different problems related to the radiation stability of polymeric articles and purposeful radiation-induced modifications of polymeric materials, the effect of low dose of gamma irradiation on some mechanical properties, at room temperature and in the presence of oxygen, on blends of high density polyethylene (HDPE) and high impact polystyrene (HIPS) has been studied.
Thermal – mechanical mixing was used to prepare binary polymeric blends from (HDPE / HIPS) with different compositional ratios, i.e. (100/0, 90/10, 80/20) using single screw extruder. The exposure of these blends to dose of Cs-137 gamma radiation at 0.2 kGy improves the mechanical properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been used to investigate the effect of gamma irradiation on the surface morphology of the polymer material. It is noticed that after the radiation treatment; tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and hardness of used (HDPE/HIPS) at all blends ratio have been increased due to partial cross linking

In the present work, the effect of isolated and non-isolated dust particles on glow discharge of main air plasma charactasrics are investigated experimentally. Our results illustraited that the present of dust particle in the air plasma did not effect on Paschen minimum. This fact means that, the present of both types of dust particles did not effect on the plasma properties in high and low pressure regions (i.e. reight and left regions of Paschen minimum) . As well as, the discharge current is increases when the both dust types are immersed in a plasma column with rate rapidly in the copper oxide dust greater than copper dust particles

An optimal subcarrier allocation algorithm is proposed for orthogonal frequency division multiple access systems over Rayleigh fading channels with channel state information feedback. The transmitted orthogonal frequency division multiple access frame is divided into groups called subchannels according to the detected number of users at the base station. The pilots are reduced for the stable subchannel and replaced with additional data subcarriers in order to increase the total system throughput. Simulation and semi-analytical results demonstrate that the throughput performance of the proposed method outperforms the conventional approaches.

The tensile behavior, flexural strength and impact strength were studied in this research for some epoxy composites. First, epoxy composite reinforced with carbon fibers (chopped), secondly,hybrid epoxy composite reinforced with carbon fibers (chopped) and glass fibers (woven roven) with volumefraction(30) % for each type.The tests were done at room temperature (34±2 ºC). In this work the hybrid composite (C+G/Epoxy) have the higher mechanical properties than that composite (C/Epoxy).The results shown that the exists of woven glass fiber increasing the tensile behavior, flexural strength and impact strength of hybrid composite in comparison with the composite reinforced with randomly chopped carbon fibe

Fifteen local bottled waters brands (Best-selling brands) purchased randomly covering nine Iraqi governorates were analyzed for various physico-chemical as well as bacterial water quality parameters. The obtained results were compared to national and international water standard for drinking water as well as to the reported label values of the bottled water. Results showed that the majority of bottled water met the different drinking water quality standards for physico-chemical parameters except for calcium (one brand at Baghdad), magnesium (Ten brands at all studied governorates except Basrah) and total alkalinity (Two brands at Baghdad and Duhok). All bottled water brands showed negative growth for fecal coliforms, total coliforms and heterotrophic plate count at 37◦C. Generated Piper diagrams revealed that the majority of bottled waters samples are of calcium–magnesium chloride and some sulfate type (Ten brands) and the other water type are of calcium–magnesium bicarbonates (Five brands). Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to classify bottled water brands with similar properties and results distinguished five groups of brands. Comparison of the study results with reported label values indicated considerable variation for pH, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, TH, TA, TDS, EC and SO4

Bacterial resistance to currently available antibiotics and its rapid increase is a worldwide concern. It is an even bigger problem since this resistance is not often restricted to a specific antibiotic, but generally extends to other compounds of the same class; therefore the need is urgent to develop new antimicrobial agents or new ways to treat the resistant microorganisms. Plants are inexhaustible source of natural antimicrobial compounds that have been found to be "synergistic enhancers" and this enables the use of the antibiotic when it is no longer effective by itself during therapeutic treatment.
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of combined application of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) ethanolic extract by its sub-inhibitory concentration with known antibiotics against different pathogenic isolates using disk diffusion method.
The results showed that the crude extract led to different effects (synergism, antagonism and indifference) on antimicrobial activity of the tested antibiotics. Synergistic effect was seen in most tested bacteria (63.33%), indifference effect was (26.67%) and antagonism effect was (10%) in tested isolates. These results signify that Rosemary extract potentiates the antimicrobial action of antibiotics, suggesting a possible utilization of this herb in combination therapy against pathogenic organisms

In This work the turbulence intensity for horizontal wind speed in AL-SHAABE/
area, BAGHDAD city ,has been measured ,as well, we found a relation between the wind
speed average and turbulence intensity.The observation have been made for wind speed
and its direction at two levels 12.5m and 7.5m by using a slow response instrument. The
rang scale of observation extended throughout the duration of two months, October and
November 2010.All observations have been recorded in neutral or very near neutral
weather .We chose a selected hours of the day from 14:00 to18:00 inLocal time.The
maximum turbulence intensity value were {5} at level 7.5m, measured on 31/10/2010 at
16:24 in local time

In order to investigate the effect of testosterone on the immunological activity
of thymus gland, the specific activity of adenosine deaminase enzyme (ADA) in
albino male mice was evaluated. The mice were divided into two age groups (4
and 5 weeks of age). Each age group was sub-divided into three subgroups:
hypersecretion group, normal group and control group. The group of hyper –
testosterone secretion was injected with 0.1 mL of the hormone with the
concentrations of 5,25,50,75,150 and 200 mg for 14 days and then compared with
the normal group (untreated animals) and control group (animals treated with 0.1
mL of sunflower oil for the same periods of time). The results demonstrated the
testosterone had a direct effect on the activity of ADA in serum, thymus and
thymocytes homogenates in both groups and the most significant decrease
(P≤0.0001) was observed at the concentration 200 μg /0.1 mL.

The focus of this study estimate the proportion of soil contamination in the
University of Technology lead metal using atomic absorption spectrometer Flame
(AAS), and the results showed an increase in the proportion of lead in some
samples , such as the cafeteria Electrical Engineering (4.50) mg / L, the
communications tower University (3.88) mg / L, the door of the presidency of the
university (3.75) mg / L, this increase was attributed to the large number of entry
and exit of private wheels powered by gasoline, especially as the fuel container on
lead additives . While the proportion of at least the lead at the intersection of
University Stadium (2.00) mg / L, dormitories for female students (2.25) mg / L,
has been attributed to the lack of movement of the wheels in this region and to the
perpetuation and constant cleaning of these places.
The samples taken from library Saif -2 -, position transmission lines university,
watch door of the university , the club student of the university and the department
of Civil engineering was (2.50, 2.50, 2.63, 2.88 and 3.00) mg / L, respectively,
were state intermediate between the values of low and high.

This study includes the investigation of contaminants in the water of the Tigris
River and testing chemical and biological samples water taken from near the
project arm Tigris for one year starting from the (February to November of the year
2012). Was estimated proportion of heavy elements using a technique
Spectroscopy Atomic Absorption Flame of the elements lead, iron, copper,
cadmium, cobalt, nickel, chromium, has shown The results measured in units of
mg / L that ratios were higher in the summer, especially in the (monthly May and
August) and also comes was the highest percentage of elemental iron in Maes is
(162.2), followed by copper by (46.3) and lead by 8.8)) either in the month of
August, we find that the increase be in other elements as cobalt, reaching 3.0
followed by chromium by 28.5)) and cadmium by (12.0) and then nickel by
(55.6) than it is in winter, when found gnificantly lower the percentage of
iron(50.0) then copper by (14.2) and chromium by (12.0) and cadmium (6.3) and
then nickel by (3.0) and finally cobalt by (2.0) compared with ecosystems
identified, as well as the laser technique was used for killing this microbes like
Bacillus species , Proteus species,Klebsiella species and,E.coli, we observed
difference in the mechanism of microbial killing by using this technique .