Journal of University of Anbar for Humanities

This paper is concerned with studying examples of submerged shrines in Baghdad, and they are many, from which we chose three: the tomb of Sheikh Muhammad al-Azhari, the tomb of Qilij Arslan, and the tomb of Ibrahim al-Fadl.
Despite the ancient and historical importance of these three tombs, they were neglected and were not previously documented in an archaeological scientific study. That is why the researcher sought to document these three mausoleums with a descriptive and analytical study that relied on field visits, and to develop a plan for each mausoleum showing its exact shape and measurements, and to reinforce that with photographs. As well as studying the tombs and writings that were found on the graves of the owners of the tombs under study and emptying the decorations and writings executed in the form of artistic paintings, in the hope of protecting them from demolition and change carried out by some government institutions.
The study has reached results that the researcher hopes will be useful in the field of academic studies specialized in late Islamic antiquities, as they document important landmarks in Baghdad; It contributes to revealing important aspects of religious architecture to make it a link in the chain of shrines recorded in the world of architecture.

The Zaidi Emirate in Tabaristan has a distinct importance, because it is the first political entity that the Alawites were able to establish in the Islamic Mashreq, after a long period of Islam’s entry into Iran. Therefore, I dealt with the life of Hassan al-Atrush, who was one of the most important Alawite personalities who had the most prominent role in the Zaidi emirate. At all levels, as the revival of the Zaydi emirate (Tabariah) in the year 301 / 913 AD was able to fall in the year (316 AH / 928 AD) after the killing of the young da’i, al-Hasan bin al-Qasim, his brother-in-law. The great in the history of Shiites in Iran in particular and in the history of the Islamic East in general.

This research explores the kings of the Sassanid state in the history of the ancient Persians, which was abundant with many human and civilizational gatherings that were inhabited at the time or that were displaced from Central Asia, and in turn contributed to the establishment of many states and cities, and these human gatherings helped in creating civilized coexistence that left dimensions not It can be dispensed with in terms of thought and culture, as well as its great ability to influence man, among them the ruling small states of the Persian kings, which each of them was able to establish control over large parts of Persia and fight all those competing for it to continue and control, as it reached most of the Persian small states Of the force to become a strong contender in front of the Byzantine Empire. As well as the role of each state of influencing and influencing civilizations, traditions and religions, as most of the Persian civilizations were a mixture of other civilizations by virtue of the neighborhood

The Almoravid state was distinguished by the presence of extraordinary leaders who took upon themselves to spread the religion and protect the Islamic territories, and despite all the efforts they made to support the religion, they did not escape from the stabbing or libel of the historians of the Almohad state. Tashfin 453-500 AH / 1061-1106AD, who was described as the greedy ruler and the coveted in Andalusia, although his intervention was to protect the Muslims of Andalusia from what befell them at the hands of the Christians and the failure of the rulers of the sects in defending the Muslims.

This research deals with ((The Historical Development of Transcribing the Noble Qur’an in The Prophet’s and Rashidun Eras)). God Almighty preserved the Noble Qur’an through His Messenger (Peace be upon him) who received it well and memorized it perfectly. He did his best for this job and apprised the best message to the others. The transcription of the Noble Qur’an is one of the most significant events in the Arab Islamic state. The Prophet’s companions (May Allah be pleased with them) had an important role in the process of transcribing, especially the compilation of the Noble Qur’an in the time of Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq ((May Allah be pleased with him)) and the transcribing of the Qur’ans during the era of Othman bin A’fan ((May Allah be pleased with him)) the Calipha who ordered for the transmission of the Qur’an’s transcriptions to be distributed to the regions. However, that gradual progression in preserving the Book of God Almighty took place under the supervision of an elite who are the best of human beings after the prophets. Glory be to the One who chose them in the most difficult circumstances to achieve the miracle of preserving the Book of God Almighty.

The idea of research is summarized about the nature of luxury in the field of civilization, which is summarized in the study of the cultural landmarks that were established by the Fatimid Caliphs in Egypt, such as cities, palaces, mosques and landscapes, which witnessed a great development in ways of construction, size and decorations. The research showed that the luxury in these facilities cost the Fatimid state huge sums of money, which affected its future.

The research deals with the study of the plague in the era of the Mongol invasion of the Islamic Mashreq and the accompanying incidents that contributed as direct or indirect causes to the emergence and spread of the plague, which is something that must be studied and linked to the current reality experienced by the whole world due to the spread of the Corona virus (coved 19), I will address in the research to
The linguistic meaning of the terms plague and epidemic and the interpretations of them in the Arabic language.
A review of the measures that were known in the past to protect against plague, starting from the era of the Messenger (may God bless him and his family and grant them peace) with prophetic hadiths mentioned in this regard. and then compare them with the measures taken in the time period under study. Although there are articles in this aspect, but we will address To the period witnessed by the Islamic world in the era of the Mongol advance towards the Islamic East.
Knowing the causes and types of plagues mentioned in Islamic history.
In this research, we will explain the effect of the Mongol tide towards the countries of the Islamic Mashreq, up to Baghdad, from the impact of the spread of epidemics as a result of the extermination operations that left millions dead inside and outside the cities. Study subject.

In this study, Ibn Fadlan carried the message of the Caliph al-Muqtadir in Allah and his minister Hamed bin Abbas to the king of Salkala. He instructed Ibn fadlan to explain to the king the principles of the Islamic religion. He also
Provided Ibn fadlan with an appropriate amount of money to set up a mosque and a fortress to protect them from attacks by the khazars . On the request of the king of the Skeleton of the Caliphate Muqtadir in God .
It took Ibn fadlan,s journey for a period that did not reveal the son of fadlan for its duration, and the delegation sent the message to the king of Salkalp but we found that the letter did not succeed in embracing the king of Salkalp of Islam, the mosque was not built and the fortress because one person stole the money sent by the Caliph Muqtar His response was violent and he did not accept any excuse from Ibn Fadlan .
The journey of Ibn fadlan painted a clear picture of vast areas, of which no one knew . The research dealt with some of the dirhams used, but Ibn Fadlan did not disclose their value, so we were forced to extract the value of some of these dirhams and link them to what is located at the headquarters of the Abbasid Caliphate through some operations the simple arithmetic, where the research highlighted the economic and financial aspects only and other wise is outside the scope of this research .

Since its emergence, the Maliki school of jurisprudence has been widely spread in Andalusia, and after a short period it became the official doctrine of the state and Al-Muwatta became the first book in the circles of the intellectual movement in Andalusia unchallenged.
The Muwatta had a prominent and influential role on the intellectual and scientific life after it was adopted by the Arab Islamic state in Andalusia and since the beginning of the era of the emirate. Intellectual and its data until the end of the fourth century AH, I divided my research into three sections:
The first: sheds light on the life of Imam Malik bin Anas, the author of the book. The second topic: deals with the book of Al-Muwatta and how it was spread. The third topic deals with the impact of Al-Muwatta’ on intellectual life in Andalusia. However, the most prominent of them is the book “Arranging Perceptions and Approaching the Paths to Know the Media of Malik’s School of Thought” by Judge Iyadh bin Musa Al-Sabti (T.: 544 AH/1149 AD). The research relied on it a lot. The importance of this book lies in the fact that its author is one of the most prominent figures of the Imam Malik bin Anas school of jurisprudence. The books on which the research relied is also the book ((Al-Dibaj Al-Madhhib)) by Ibn Farhoun..

The IsIamic State State Witnessed the emergence of many Cities, incIuding the city of Raqqada, specificaIIy during the reign of Prince Ibrahim bin Ahmed bin AI – AghIab, in the year 261 AH/874AD, as the difficuIt intemaI confIicts had an effective impact on the transition to this placeIt was distinguished by its moderate cIimate, fertiIe soiI, and its Iocation on the sea, as weII as the Iarge number of the majority have succeeded in their ages untiI it became a beacon of knowIedge and knowIedge and a miIitary center from which miIitary operations were Iaunched to confront intermaI and externaI dangers . And this city remained prosperous throughout the years of the ruIe of the AghIabids untiI Ubaid AIIah AI – Shiite was abIe to enter it to end the ruIe of the AghIabids and start a new era.

The political aspects in the contemporary history of Iraq are the most aspects that academic and non-academic researchers dealt with in their studies, unlike the cultural, social and economic aspects, and the personalities of the educated elite, which are aspects that were not subjected to research and study except by a few researchers, and even researchers who were exposed To study the biographies and roles of personalities, their studies were limited to political figures, kings, heads of states, prime ministers, and ministers, while they neglected the study of personalities who contributed to the development of Iraq through their assumption of various positions in the state.

The United States of America considered it necessary to consolidate its influence in Egypt since the first decade of the twentieth century, and behind this trend was far-reaching goals, the most important of which is the establishment of cultural and educational institutions to spread American culture in the Egyptian governorates, as it is a fertile environment for cultural activities. In Egypt, which played a major role in Egypt, which caused controversy among the Egyptian cultural circles, some of them considered it to be within the framework of the cultural exchange between the two countries, and some considered it a police duty, which forced President Gamal Abdel Nasser to personal intervention to resolve that controversy, and it became one of the educational cultural institutions The mission in Egypt to this day. In addition to these cultural and educational institutions, the Ford and Franklin institutions were active, as well as the activity of the press and art in Egypt for the duration of the study. Those are the axes of the tagged research (the interest of the United States of America in aspects of cultural activity in Egypt 1956-1970).

The dear province of Anbar gave birth to a large number of personalities who had a reputation in building the Iraqi state since its establishment in 1921 until the present day. The fields, and among those personalities that the people of Anbar have the right to be proud of because of the scientific legacy they left us in addition to their academic, journalistic and cultural role. Hadi Numan Al-Hiti and his press and career services are among the independent personalities who gained the fame, knowledge and knowledge that are based on their knowledge and standing without assistance From a party, party, or coup movement.

The study discussed the role of Zaid Al-Rifai in Jordanian foreign policy and the relationship with the neighboring Arab countries during his tenure as prime minister in Jordan during the period (1973-1976) and (1985-1989). The study aimed to show the position of Jordanian Prime Minister Zaid Al-Rifai as a Jordanian Arab political figure and his role in The Jordanian relations with the Arab neighboring countries, the relationship with Syria, Iraq and Saudi Arabia as a model and its role in many issues and crises, and its contribution to finding solutions to them through bilateral and collective dialogue and through diplomatic work. At a time when the role of Zaid Al-Rifai in many Arab issues and the joint Arab work and his continuous urging appeared clearly To establish good relations between Jordan and the Arab countries, with the aim of briefing With these goals and developments, a structure was developed for the study that was distributed in the form of three paragraphs. The first was the position of Zaid Al-Rifai on the Jordanian-Syrian relations, the second the position on the development of Jordanian-Iraqi relations, and the third the Jordanian-Saudi relations.

The research aims to highlight the role played by the Al-Mazari in East Africa, and to clarify the relationship between them and the rulers of Al-Busaid, especially in the period 1870-1896 AD, which was represented by the Al-Busaid rulers standing against the Al-Mazari in East Africa. As a result of this, the Mazari made several revolts against the rulers of Al-Busaid in order to gain independence and to form a rule of their own. Thus, Mubarak bin Rashid Al Mazrouei, the leader of the largest branch AL-Mazari, revolted against them and against the British authority that had established a company in East Africa. However, with British and German cooperation they were eliminated and surrendered in 1896 AD. The research dealt with four basic investigations ,the first topic focused on the relationship of Mazari’s with Sultan Barghash bin Sa'ad 1870-1885, and the second topic dealt with the British-German conflict over East Africa and the establishment of the British East Africa Company from 1886-1888 AD, while the third topic dealt with Sultan Khalifa and his relationship with Mubarak bin Rashid Al Mazrouei 1888-1890 AD. . As for the fourth and final topic, it includes the revolution of Mubarak bin Rashid Al Mazrouei against Britain, which eliminated their influence permanently in 1896 AD.

This research deals with the biography of the health ministers in Iraq (1952-1958) and their achievements in the health aspect, that is, from the creation of the Ministry of Health for the second time under Law No. (28) of 1952 until the end of the royal era. The position of Minister of Health, after its creation, was assigned to some prominent personalities in the royal era, and some of them were able to perform their role efficiently and sincerely, and they were punished for this position during the search period (14) ministers, they are: Abdul Rahman Jawdat once, Abdul Majeed Al-Qassab twice, Muhammad Hassan Salman Three times, Abd al-Amir Allawi, five times, Abd al-Hadi al-Jalabi once, Sabih al-Wahbi once, and Mahmoud Baban once, and the discussion dealt with the practical activities of health ministers and their achievements in the field of health in Iraq
In the research, he explained the reasons for the delay in the achievements of the Ministry of Health during the research period, which belongs to two matters. The first is the choice of the person who is not suitable for the Ministry of Health, and the change of ministries and their short duration due to the political situation.

The research deals with the role of Syrian women during the French Mandate. Syrian women did not neglect the revolutions and associations, but tried and made all efforts to get rid of the French Mandate. The Syrian woman stood with the man and supported him in his wars against the French colonialist. In addition to the associations that it founded until independence was achieved in 1946, many politicians supported the participation of women in political and social life, as Syrian women had a great role, whether during the Ottoman era, the Faisal era, or during the mandate, as they actively participated with Her brother, the man, was in the fight against French colonialism and demanded freedom and independence like men. She also participated socially through forums and associations in the fight against colonialism or through education, which she considered a weapon in the face of the French enemy until Syria gained its independence in 1946, in which Syrian women had a role in that.

In our research we deal with the study of cultural relations between the Republic of Iraq and the Bulgarian Republic for the period between 1968-1979, and the relations between the two countries have witnessed important developments since the revolution of July 14, 1958, when the doors of relations between Iraq and the socialist camp were opened, including Bulgaria.
Therefore, the research sought to uncover the nature of these relations in a way that serves the interests of the two countries present and in the future. Studies have relied on the historical and analytical method within a view based on the Orientalism of the future, and the research reached a number of results, perhaps the most prominent of which is the obtaining of many Iraqi students obtaining degrees in postgraduate studies and the volume of cultural exchange and sports and youth cooperation Between the two countries

The aim of this research is to make an overall assessment of American Withdrawal from Iranian Nuclear Program and its impacting on political and security aspects in Iraq; however this study took a year 2013, as launching point due to this year Iran retains of its a nuclear program. Besides Iran has also announced that it is working on a new Nuclear Power reactor.
The findings of this research shows that the continuing of Iran's government to reject any intention regarding the developing of nuclear bombs. But stepping away from its obligations rather Iran seeks to increasing stockpiles of enriched uranium that may will bring the country nearer to possess the ability to do so.The findings of this research also explore that Iran's possession of nuclear weapons, that will create instability in the Arab Gulf region in particular Saudi Arabia, Emerita and other countries

Ashkelon is one of the oldest Palestinian coastal cities, based on the archaeological excavations and excavations conducted in the city, and the name Ashkelon appeared in the nineteenth century BC, and took multiple names during historical eras, and it occupies an important geographical, historical and commercial location. Because it is a link between the Levant and Egypt.
The site of Ashkelon was unusual as it was directly on the water and the edge of the land, and it was the only way to travel and trade through Palestine in all cases, and Ashkelon was considered one of the cities with a moderate climate in winter and summer, and this is confirmed by geographical studies, and also Ashkelon is one of the most common sites Coastal areas are fertile in Palestine, where fruits and grains are grown and all that the community requires of sustenance. In general, the city of Ashkelon and its villages have an important location on all levels, and this is what has been proven by the historical records about this city

The research aims to demonstrate the efficiency of groundwater in the district of Anah, and its suitability in the areas of investment, through the hydrological and chemical indicators of well water and its spatial trends, and to compare these characteristics with international and local standards and standards to determine its validity for human, agricultural and industrial purposes, and to indicate the feasibility of that in investment, as it became clear Through this, the quality and quantity of groundwater varied according to the geological structure, which was reflected in the variation of the total salts between (1100-6200) mg / liter.

The research relied on the (CN-SCS) method, which is one of the important methods used to estimate the water harvest, which was developed by the Soil Conservation Department of the United States Department of Agriculture (Soil Conservation (Service) in 1970 AD, and its famous formula was developed in 1986 AD The (SCS) method is a set of mathematical equations whose input depends on providing information about land covers and patterns of use, soil hydrology, type of vegetation cover, and amounts of rain falling to know the characteristics of flow and the possibility of water harvesting in the Sukran valley basin, through knowledge and analysis of the description of land cover and knowledge Types of hydrological soils in the region and determining the pre-condition of soil moisture After completing these three elements, the values of CN were obtained, which express the extent of soil permeability, the coefficient (S), which expresses the maximum potential for soil water retention, the coefficient (LA) which indicates the amount of lost rainwater before the onset of surface runoff, and the coefficients (Q). ) and (QV) which express the depth and quantity of runoff volume in the area.

The current research aims to determine the level of pollution of the water of the Euphrates River in the district of Ramadi, the center of Anbar Governorate, for the period (2019-2020), by conducting analyzes of water samples taken monthly from three sites distributed along the course of the river within the study area, Comprehensive analyzes of some of the pollution indicators were carried out at the beginning of the mentioned period. These analyzes included the following indicators: pH, turbidity degree, electrical conductivity, and total dissolved salts. It also included positive ions (sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium), and negative ions (chlorides, sulfates, phosphates, nitrates), Based on the results of these analyzes, the indicators were tracked, as it was found through the results of the analysis of pollution indicators that all of these indicators were within the permissible limits, except for (degree of turbidity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved salts, and phosphates), as they were outside the permissible limit locally Globally, this is due to the effect of trocar and household waste. In addition to all this, the industrial wastewater discharged into the sewage network, and then into the river’s water.

Grains are strategic crops in the study area (wheat, barley, maize) that located between two latitudes (33/46 35-34 28/27) and two longitudes (41 10/39 36/49 east), exactly in the western part of Anbar province and Iraq, being one of the areas of al-Qaim district of 95,358 dunums (2.7%) at a rate of the area of al-Qaim district (3530,000) dunums. The area bordered to the west by the Syrian region of Albu Kamal, to the east and north-east, to the south and south-west by the Alratba district, where the area under cultivation of wheat crops for years reached (2000-2010-2020), (7732), (7,730), (9,417) dunums and at a rate of (31%) , (31%), (37.8%) Dunum, quantity of Production for the same years was (32064) (30253) and (65919) and 25 tons. ، (23,5%) ، (51,4%), the area cultivated of the barley crop for the years (2000-2010-2020), (290), (442), (261) dunums and (26.7%), (43.4%) (29.7%) The amount of production for the same years (4.9%) (83,5%) ،(11,4%) Tons, the area under cultivation of maize crops for years (2000-2010-2020), (887), (885), (1037) dunums and (31.5%) ،(31,5%)، (36,9%), Dunum, and production for the same years reached (13,845), (4,425), (25925) tons and at a rate of (3.3%) .(10%), (58.6 %) ton.

The research addressed the biological characteristics of flood risk in the Wadi Al-Tarka basin in the western plateau in Anbar province in western Iraq, and was based on satellite visuals and G I S programs and the degree of flood risk for the Wadi Al-Tarka basin and secondary basins was determined by applying special equations in estimating flood risk

The importance of the great role of the temporal orientation variable on mental health in the writing of (Mosing 1989) that there is an importance factor for the high injury rate of implement illnesses for the contemporary which relates to consciousness . And thus one of the most importance manifestations of this process is the sense of Time and the way of interacting with it, and the ability individuals to adapt to the Time variables crucial to social life it is better for those who have an open horizon and are more resilience in the in Time perspectives which enhances the positive aspects of their personalities, therefore, the problem of the current research stem from disclosure on the relationship of dimensions of the temporal perspective to the mental health among the faculty staff of the University , and Knowing which of these Time orientations have statistically significant contribution to mental health.
The aim of the current research is to measure the dimensions of temporal orientation (the pleasant present, the inevitable present, the positive past, the negative past, and the future) and measure mental health among the faculty staff of the University of Baghdad.
A sample of (160) faculty staff, consisting of (68) males and (92) females, and after analyzing the results using the T-score, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis.
The research concluded that the percentage of individuals who have a high level of orientation towards the present pleasant is less than the percentage of those who have a level of low, and that the proportion of individuals who have a high level of orientation towards the inevitable present is higher than those who have a low level, and that the proportion of individuals who have a high level of orientation towards the positive past is higher than those who have a weak orientation, and the proportion of individuals who have a low level A high level of negative orientation towards the past is lower than the percentage of those who have a weak orientation, while the percentage of those who have a high level of orientation towards the future is equal to the percentage of those who have a low level, and the level of mental health is low.
The result founded that there is a positive direct relationship between (the pleasant present, the positive past, and the future) and mental health, while it appeared that the relationship was inversely significant between the negative past and mental health, and the trend towards the future only appeared to directly contribute to mental health.

The current research aimed at the following:-
Knowing the level of feeling of speaking anxiety among middle school students and the significance of the statistical differences according to the gender variable (male-female).
And to identify the level of social interaction among middle school students and the significance of statistical differences according to the gender variable (male-female).
Is there a relationship between speaking anxiety and social interaction among middle school students? The current research was limited to middle school students of both sexes in Anbar Governorate, Ramadi District. The researcher adopted the steps of the descriptive correlative approach. The current research community consisted of (63605) students and the sample was chosen by random method. The research sample consisted of (120) male and female students. To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher built a scale for speaking anxiety and a scale for social interaction. After processing the data by appropriate statistical means.
The results showed the following:
1.The level of feeling anxious about speaking is less than the average among the sample members, and there are no differences attributed to gender
2.The level of social interaction is higher than the average among the sample members, and there are differences in favor of males.

The aim of the research is to identify the level of cognitive closure and its relationship to social isolation among middle school students, and the research sample consisted of (150) students who were randomly selected. -Jung, Van Tilburg, 1999)), and he translated it and prepared his current image, Muhammad (2000), and using appropriate statistical means, the following results were shown:
- The presence of a higher than average level of cognitive distraction among middle school students.
- There are statistically significant differences in the level of cognitive blockage among middle school students due to the benefit of females.
- The presence of a higher than average level of social isolation among middle school students.
- There are statistically significant differences in the level of social isolation among middle school students due to the benefit of females.
- The existence of a positive positive relationship between cognitive lockdown and social isolation.

The evaluation is a compilation guide and organizer of necessary data and information for decision-making and used by most educational institutions to assess their performance and to contribute to the improvement of programmes and policy. The concept of calendar satisfaction student and the feeling of happiness and joy and the realization for their college education services and administrative contribution in raising awareness of the importance of quality education, as well as is one of the components of total quality management in educational institutions that have essentially help students' collected knowledge, skills and success in, and measure student' satisfaction with the performance of enterprise is one of the most important indicators that show the level of quality of education, administration and help to develop its strategy and its plan to raise the educational level. the aim of the current research to evaluate the level of satisfaction of students of the college of nursing at the university of Mosul for the academic performance of college, has been applied to measure satisfaction student on a sample of (200) students from the four years, and was the most prominent results show that the overall level of satisfaction of students in the five areas ranges (good, middle, weak). The mean satisfaction students' academic and administrative higher than the theoretical average of the scale in terms statistical level (0.05), as shown a statistically significant difference between the mean male and female and in favor of females as the results showed the presence of statistically significant difference between the four stages and in favor of the first stage.

This study aims to identify what the skills of the twenty-first century are, and the important frameworks related to these skills from the point of view of experts in teaching and learning and researchers in this era. the need to include these skills in the current curricula; To correspond with the development of modern educational skills and methods of teaching them. This study follows the critical descriptive approach, which came in order to achieve the objectives of the study and answer its questions. This is done by describing skills and classifying them according to their type, as well as the steps to achieve them with scientific graphic criticism. The study reflects on previous studies, authored books, and written documents regarding teaching skills in the twenty-first century. The study reached some results, the most important of which are: These skills are important for their presence in the textbook for the development of higher-order thinking skills among teachers and students at the university and school levels.

The aim of the research is to identify the degree of availability of e-learning skills for male and female geography teachers in secondary schools in the center of Anbar Governorate from their point of view. 50) schools, and the researcher relied on the study of: (Hanawi and Rawan, 2019), and (Suhail and Mutasem, 2014) to prepare a research tool and it consisted in its final form of (25) paragraphs, with quintuple alternatives, and the appropriate statistical means were used, namely: arithmetic mean and deviation The standard and t-test for two independent samples, the researcher concluded that the degree of availability of e-learning skills for teachers of geography in secondary schools from their point of view was (high), and there is no difference for the gender variable (teachers) in the degree of availability of e-learning skills, and there is a difference Between male and female teachers in the degree of availability of e-learning skills according to the academic achievement variable (bachelor-graduate studies) and in favor of higher studies, and in light of the research result, the researcher recommended the necessity of training geography teachers and female teachers in secondary schools on the skills of e-learning. e-learning.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution imposed on governments the need to put in place advanced development policies, based on upbringing, educating and preparing individuals for what they are about to adapt to and coexist with its developments. In order for them to have a place in this era and mitigate the negative effects of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on them and the course of their lives. But it goes beyond that to the stage of empowerment; providing the child with cognitive and innovative skills and abilities and protecting him legally and socially; To be able to compete in a fierce world that knows only skill and mental strength, and innovative character, and does not recognize individuals with weak abilities, but these individuals will themselves be the victims of this age; This requires working on studying the means and requirements for empowering children in light of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. To be a young man who keeps pace with the era in which he lives
Here, the current study attempts to drew some alternative scenarios for child empowerment in light of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and places it in front of those responsible for setting policies and programs directed at children in Arab societies
The study followed the method of a written survey of literature, references and previous studies related to the subject of the study to reach the best scenarios for the policies of dealing with the Arab child in light of the Fourth Industrial Revolution
The study recommended to follow the transformational or radical scenario, to achieve the effective empowerment of the child in the face of the developments of the fourth industrial revolution

The mental image is a simplified model of the individual\'s environment, arising from the individual receiving messages through direct and indirect contact, and from the environment in which he is raised, passing through many psychological filters, and this is done within a specific socio-cultural framework. The study seeks to know the mental image of the US government that the research community received through communication and its various means, as well as what the respondents received from the environment around them, and the extent of that image.

The current study aimed to identify the effect of using the Feynman model on the achievement of fifth-grade students in science.
In order to ascertain the objectives of the research, the two researchers took the following measures:
Formulation of the following null hypothesis:
-There is no statistically significant difference at the significance level of 0.05 between the average scores of the students of the experimental group that will be taught using the Feynman model and the average scores of the students of the control group that will be taught in the traditional way in the achievement test.
To verify its validity, the two researchers conducted an experiment that lasted an entire semester, and the following procedures were adopted:
-The experimental design was chosen for two equal groups (experimental and control), as the two researchers selected (Barada and Al-Bashaer) primary schools, which are day schools, within the Tikrit district, intentionally as a field for experiment, and the research sample consisted of (76) students. They were distributed (randomly) into two groups, an experimental group that was taught with the Feynman model, and a control that was taught with the method. For the sake of the safety of the research, the researchers rewarded the two research groups with some variables that may have an effect on the independent variable, such as (chronological age, intelligence, and previous information test).
- The scientific subject for the research has been identified, represented by chapters (2 and 3) of the science subject book scheduled for the fifth grade of primary school (2019-2020). (40) behavioral objectives were identified, and the researchers prepared the teaching plans for the two groups.
- The two researchers prepared the necessary tools for research, as they prepared an achievement test, the number of which was (38) test items of the multiple choice type.
- After preparing the research requirements, the researcher applied the experiment in the first course
From the academic year (2019-2020), the two researchers have assigned subject teachers to teach the two research groups, after teaching them its steps and confirming the necessity of preserving the integrity of the experiment. Central tendency and correlation coefficients), and inferential and include the T-tests, as well as non-parametric statistical methods such as (chi square), and the results have shown:
-The students of the experimental group who study science using the Feynman model outperform the students of the control group who study using the traditional method of achievement.
Based on the results, the researchers concluded that adopting the Feynman model in education has a positive effect on increasing student achievement, and in light of this, the researchers put forward a number of recommendations in addition to a number of proposals.