JOURNAL OF MADENAT ALELEM COLLEGE

An investigation of mercury in blood and urine samples from 84 workers in two factories the first factory was Weaving Factory (which choose 38 worker) and the second factory was Paper Factory (which choose 46 worker) was carried out using non-inflammable atomic absorption technique revealed that the mercury levels were above that of the maximum permissible limit in the urine samples taken from eight out of 38 workers in the first factory and in three out of 46 workers in the second one. The mercury level in the blood samples from both factories within normal range (which is 50 microgram/L Hg in urine and 30 microgram/L Hg in blood). Clinical examinations of workers showed high level of mercury in their urine samples suggested same symptoms of toxicity with these elements.

In surveys of the last 10 years, an increase has been reported in particular in breast surgery for breast cancer. Breast cancer can cause serious psychological problems due to many factors such as uncertainty in treatment, physical symptoms, fear of recurrence and death. To identify the effectiveness of nursing counseling on Psycho-social Burdens on women after mastectomy, a quasi-experimental design conducted on non-probability (purposive) sample of thirty women who had received a mastectomy as an intervention group selected during period from 2nd August to 10th November 2011. The study was conducted at three hospitals in Baghdad which considered the main settings that provided health care for the patients from all types of cancer. Baseline data collection (pre-test), Post-test1 and Post-test2 took place and application of the nursing counseling on Psycho-social burdens after mastectomy. The questionnaire form is consisted of two parts which included demographic and reproductive characteristics, and Psycho-social burdens after mastectomy. Content validity and reliability of the questionnaire determined through a pilot study, descriptive and inferential statistic is used to analyze the data. Results of the study showed that the highest of study sample 36.7 % were in age group (50-60) years old, 53.3% their age at menarche were 13-14 years old. The highest percentages of study group 46.7% their age at married were 20-24 years old. The highest mean of score related to the psycho-social burdens were referred to the thinking, anxiety, positive behavior, and sexual burdens. Highly significant differences had been obtained for the three matching (pre-post1, pre-post2, and post1-post2) related to psychological burdens, highly significant differences had been recorded for the two matched of testing (pre-post1, and pre-post2) except with the third matched (post1-post2) no significant differences was obtained related to the spiritual aspect, social and sexual burdens.

The study of the effect of lead pollution on the activity of GST GPT , and ALP was undertaken. Occupational workers. The spacemen of the project were divided in three groups according to their occupational period as follows: Group A: 15 workers ,period of occupation (2)yrs in Baghdad fuel station Group B: 15 workers, period of occupation(2-4) yrs in Baghdad fuel station Group C: 15 workers, period of occupation (5-8) yrs in Baghdad fuel station Another group of 15 healthy unexposed to lead were considered as control group. The results showed an elevation in the activity of all enzymes under investigation in the blood of workers. The activity was positively correlated with the period of occupation (i.e lead exposure). The elevation in GPT activity could be used as an indicator of liver damage , while elevated levels of GST occurs in all types of pollution to minimize the toxic effect of pollutant in erythrocytes and vital cells ,elevation in MDA related with the period of occupation (i.e lead exposure).

This study was carried out between December 17, 2008 and August 25, 2009. It included 62 pediatric patients at the age range (1-12) years of both genders: 26 with chronic renal failure (CRF) and 36 with nephritic syndrome (NS), who were outpatients and in-patients in the dialysis unit in both Al-Mansour pediatric teaching hospital and Child's central teaching hospital. The control group consisted of 26 children. Urine and blood samples were collected from children with both renal diseases and healthy controls. Renal function was evaluated by biochemical tests of blood. After culturing the urine samples on both MacConkey agar medium and blood agar medium, general urine examination (GUE) was applied regardless the type of the renal disease. Results explained significant increase in both urea and creatinine concentrations in serum (P<0.001). General urine examination of both CRF and NS patients showed that casts presence in urine was not significant (p=0.056), while albuminuria was significant (P=0.049). The negative urine cultures were present in 64.5% of both patients' groups. The control group showed no bacteria in urine. The positive cultures in patients (35.5%) were indicating urinary tract infections (UTIs) with a significant relation with the type of renal disease (P=0.042). UTIs seemed to be related with gender (P=0.044). The bacterial growth included the following isolates: E. coli (54.55%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22.73%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (9.09%), Proteus mirabilis (9.09%) and Morganella morganii in one case only (4.55%). The bacterial isolates were different in their sensitivity to antibiotics, which included Ceftazidime, Cefteriaxone, Gentamycin, Nalidixic acid, Nitrofurantoin and Trimethoprime).

External morphological of the species Diplacodes nebulosa (Fabricius) belong to family : Libellulidae, suborder Anisoptera, order Odonata was studied using preserved specimens from College of Agriculture Museum, Baghdad University, collected from Derbendekhan region during 1986. The study included: detailed description of most body parts (head, thorax, abdomen and their appendages), identification and recognition of species, in addition to study male genitalia. The species Diplacodes nebulosa (Fabricius) was regarded as new record for Iraqi fauna of Odonata.

The morphological description of inner ear in Liza abu was investigated. The present study revealed that Liza abu has a pair of embedded inner ears, each one situated in otic capsule of the skull, on both sides of hindbrain. The inner ear contains two structures, the first one called Osseous Labyrinth (OL), while the second called Membranous Labyrinth (ML). The last one found inside (OL). Both OL and ML consist of three Semicircular canals (SCC). These were two vertical Anterior and Posterior Semicircular canals (ASCC) (PSCC) and one Horizontal semicircular canal (HSCC). There are three chambers in the (OL) and three Saccular structures called otoliths organs found in (ML), the first one called Utriculus (U), the second called Sacculus (S) and the third called Lagena (L). There are solid structure found in the otolith organs results from calcifying secretions called otoliths, it has different names which is found in (U) named Lapillus, in (S) named Sagitta, and in (L) named Astericus.

This work was conducted to examine the effect of the aqueous extract of cinnamon bark on some reproductive parameters of male mice. Ten healthy adult males of Swiss albino mice (Mus musculus L), their age between 80-100 days and their weight between 28-35 g, were selected, acclimated, then randomly categorized into two groups of five animals each and treated as follows. Group 1: Control mice that received orally by gavage needle 0.1 ml of tap water daily for 30 days. Group 2: Male mice treated orally by gavage needle with 0.1 ml of the aqueous extract of cinnamon bark daily for 30 days. After cervical dislocation both testes and epididymes immediately were dissected out, then the epididyaml sperms parameters and the testes histological structures were estimated and the data were statistically analyzed. Cinnamon bark extract caused a highly significant increase (P < 0.01) in sperms progressive motility which increased from 71 % in the male mice of the control group to 86 % in the male mice of the treatment group. The treated males had a significant larger (P < 0.01) sperms concentration (3.4 X 10 6 /ml) than the males in the control group ( 2.1 X 10 6 / ml). The percentage of vital sperms was significantly increased (P < 0.05) from 89.2% in the animals of the control group to 94.4% in the animals of the treated group. There was a highly significant increase (P < 0.01) in the percentage of normal sperms in the treated male mice (92.8 %) in comparisons with the untreated (control) male mice (85.7 %). Although, the histological examination of the testes showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) between the two groups of male mice, there was an obvious improvement in both of the diameters of seminiferous tubules and the thickness of germinal cell layer in favor of the treated mice. In conclusion, the oral daily treatment of the aqueous extract of cinnamon bark for 30 days improved some significant parameters of semen quality of male mice.

Forty eight isolates belonged to Bacillus spp. were isolated from soil and water samples. Twenty two Bacillus isolates revealed a mucous phenotype when grown on nutrient agar plates. Only seven isolates of Bacillus were grown on starch broth media and gave flocculating activity for kaolin suspension. Isolate B8 (isolated from soil) gave the highest flocculating activity for kaolin suspension (37%). Biochemical tests for this isolate showed that B8 strain of Bacillus coagulans. The bioflocculant produced by B. coagulans B8 was extracted by organic solvents. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis for B. coagulans B8 bioflocculant hydrolyzed by HCl with solvent system showed two brown spots when using phenol-sulphuric acid reagent with Rf =0.41 and 0.58 which resembled to galactose and glucose, and only one red-violet spot when using ninhydrin reagent (Rf =0.68) which may be resembled with phenylalanine. Domestic waste waters were of treated with B. coagulans B8 bioflocculant. Results showed that turbidity removal (flocculating activity) was reduced to 62.7%.

This study investigated the effect of essential oils extracted from peel of Citrus limon and Citrus reticulata on two species of fungui: Penicillium expansum and Fusarium proliferatum and also effect of two fungicides: Hymexazol and Benomyl against this fungi. Results showed that the essential oils of C. limon inhibited the radial growth of P. expansum and F. proliferatum at concentration 4.5 and 5%, respectively. However, the essential oil of C. reticulate inhibited this growth at concentration 5.5 and 6%, respectively. Moreover, the two fungicides inhibited radial growth of this fungi. In conclusion, there is a positive relationship between the increasing of concentration and the percentage of inhibiting of radial growth of fungi.

In most areas in Iraq, dust storms can be classified by the prevailed broad meteorological conditions. Examining the most common events that occurred in Iraq is important, specially the dust storms which caused by prefrontal and postfrontal winds that primarily occurred in the winter, and dust storms caused by persistent northerlies upon which occurred in summer. The objectives of this paper is concentrated on analyzing the synoptic situation leading up to such event south of Iraq and to conduct a complete case study of the meteorological conditions that led to the dust storm. The case study has been included an analysis of the lower level that will be used to assess the placement and timing of the surface cold front and the associated strong winds which lifted the dust. These analyses will be compared with the satellite imagery.

Analytical sequence technique was designed and applied on normal and epileptically human electroencephalography (EEG) data. This technique was composed of three stages. First extraction of EEG spikes and rejection noise, slow and artifacts components. Second determining amplitude threshold which describe spike incidence. Third representation of spikes per second on a bar chart. A set of a band pass filter was designed for extraction of EEG spikes. An accurate detection of spikes was obtained with band pass digital filters of double zero at (z=±1), single pole placed on a circle radius (r1 and r2) and 4th order pole was placed at the origin. A threshold program was successfully used to recognize the spikes incidence. Bar chart program was carefully used to count the number of incidence spikes per second on EEG data.

Intrusion detection systems have sequential steps begin with selecting training and testing dataset, the preprocessing dataset, selecting most important features, and finally constructing the most reliable classifier. This research focuses on building a reliable Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) to detect traditional and modern attacks with minimum number of features. The proposal creates dataset depending on KDD. The proposal will inject KDD with new sessions to represent most modern attacks. This update requires adding new features for the dataset, since these features are critical to detect these modern attacks. The proposal considers updated dataset without any assumptions says that the dataset is idealism, so there are preprocessing steps to be done to make it consistence for training and constructing the classifier. Meta heuristic bee’s algorithm will be used as Feature Selection technique with the support of two of statistical ranking filters. The ranking of features with bee give an optimized ordering to the most critical and intrinsic features in the space of training and constructing classifier. The results obtained by constructing the most reliable classifiers Interactive Dichotomizer 3 classifier (ID3), Naïve Bayesian Classifier (NB), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) depending on both updated dataset and bee’s ranked features sets give effective efficiency in reducing false alarms and increasing detection rates.

The travelling salesman problem (TSP) probably is the most prominent problem in combinatorial optimization. It is simple definition along with its notorious difficulty has stimulated many efforts to find an efficient algorithm. In this research use Ant Colony System to solving TSP and generating good solutions to both. The work has been extended to calculate the correlation coefficient between the number of nodes and number of iterations.