Journal of The College of Education

The need to study the conditions of hadith narrators appeared since the first era of Islam. Interest in the science of men has increased as our scholars realize the importance of this science and its Impact in deducing legal rulings. Allama Al-Hilli played a prominent role in classification in the science of men, as he wrote three books on men's sciences. Because of the importance of these books, I chose to teach Allama Al-Hilli's approach in two of his most important works in men's science, whichh are: Khulasat Al-Aqwal and Aidah Al-aishtibah.

The research talks about one of the important topics in financial transactions, which is the topic of Zakat, because of its great importance as it represents the goal of the Islamic approach in the concept of social solidarity through which Islam tried to preserve the rights of Muslims, especially the poor among them, by legislating the obligation of Zakat. We notice the emphasis on it through the many legislative texts and noble verses from which the importance of its legislation is understood. Jurists and interpreters of different schools of thought have addressed the importance of this obligation, so they expanded in addressing the explanations of the noble verses that mention it, and detailing everything related to it. Perhaps among the scholars who wrote a lot about it through his many books, and with a new interpretive approach is the objective interpretive approach that he adopted in most of his books, especially the interpretive ones, and this scholar is (Siddiq bin Hassan Al-Qanuji), who is one of the most important scholars of India in the modern era, due to the abundance of his books on the one hand and the fact that he is one of the great scholars in the Islamic world in its modern era on the other hand. Given the importance of Zakat, we have taken it as the subject of this research, which we have titled “The Purposeful Interpretation of Zakat by Al-Qanuji (d. 1307 AH).”

This research study aims at defining the narrative space of a certain novel, demarcating its boundaries, illustrating its relationship to the reader and manifesting its mechanism. Thus, it is the formative space without which a novel would be impossible.
The researcher has opted to project that space on Elias Khoury’s novel of “Yalu” its being characterized by space depth, semantic depth, narrative description and hermeneutic images that depict an ideal world that is enormously different from the real one.

Abstract: This study deals with the methods of rebuke used by Umm Kulthum (may God be pleased with her) in her sermons and clarifies the answer to the questions that come to mind about how and how to know the types of rebuke and its synonyms. Umm Kulthum (may God be pleased with her) put in her sermon special patterns and expressive methods that gave her the ability to excel in performing them and drawing semantic scenes from the Qur’anic texts and from the inspiration of her linguistic talent that she inherited from her noble and pure lineage. To serve the purposes of her sermon and to produce suggestive semantic structures to leave the desired effect on the listener, and to highlight the methods of rhetorical employment of methods of rebuke, reprimand and rebuke, this study has reached results, the most important of which is the clarity of rebuke in the sermon of the Lady (peace be upon her) according to its connotations and sound levels, as it had connotations that harmonized with the sound context through the repetition of letters and words, and the harmony of the internal music, which led to the predominance of voiced sounds over the unvoiced ones. As for the rhetorical level, it occupied a wide range in the sermon, as it included rhetorical, creative and expressive pauses, including: rhyme, good quotation and inclusion, contrast, metaphor and metaphor. As for the structural level, the study focused on the news methods (nominal and verbal sentences), and the performative methods, including the prominent rhetorical question in the sermon, so the title of my research was “Rebuke and its methods in the sermon of Lady Umm Kulthum (peace be upon her) in Kufa after the killing of her brother - Imam Hussein (peace be upon him)”. A linguistic stylistic study.

The topic of number is one of the oldest topics as old as human civilization, as the phenomenon of counting is considered one of the things that was born with human nature ... in order to differentiate and compare between the one and the group, and by it we mean what is more than one, that is, two, and then three and above. This method is used in individuals, similes, and plurals, as the number that starts from three and above is called the plural form in the language, or many.
The methods used by humans to carry out the counting process varied, including the process of using fingers, which is one of the easiest and closest methods to humans, using the fingers of the hands and toes, which is the basis on which humans built the decimal system. The system of counting with fingers developed and spread in Europe and Asia until the Arabs distinguished themselves by inventing a special system for counting. On the fingers, where the number was expressed in different positions of the fingers on the hands, indicating much more numbers than the number of fingers.
It can be said that the counting process generally consists of comparing the things to be counted with the corresponding things that are familiar to humans at that time. The requirements of life and its development on the intellectual and cultural levels have called for man to come up with the idea of an abstract number. After the number was a tangible thing that could not be inferred without corresponding evidence, it has become an abstract thing that can be known without any evidence.

The research is an attempt in the midst of vocal balances, and to enter into their turbulent depths by applying them to the blessed prophetic text, represented by the sermon of the Farewell Pilgrimage, as an important tributary of rhythm and its direct relationship to semantic formation on the other hand, benefiting from the concepts that rhetoric offers that illuminate the aesthetic aspect of vocal balance. Starting with the smallest phoneme, then the syllable, and phonetic repetition, starting with the sounds and their characteristics And their relationships with each other.

The importance of Russian diplomacy during the British Colonial War in North America emerged significantly in the reality of international relations, especially with the attempts of the Russian Empire to prove its ability to defend international peace, after the failure of All attempts at diplomatic intervention by the countries of the European continent (the West) in the matter of ending the war, as the Russians preferred to delve into the search for acceptable solutions through the window of neutrality, after waiting for the appropriate conditions to be prepared to put forward a proposal to support mediation diplomacy between Britain on the one hand, and the rebellious American colonies and their allies on the other. On the other hand, after the declaration of the alliance between France and Spain to defend the American colonies, the international arena became available for Russian intervention, because the three major countries were preoccupied with the war, in addition to the refusal and stubbornness of both parties to accept political settlements, and they even went to attract and involve other countries in the war, thinking that... The choice of defeat or victory is the best solution. These international conditions created the appropriate ground for Russian intervention after the great political and economic decline in the fields of international politics. The Russian vision had focused on liberating the colonies from British occupation through diplomatic methods, but on the condition that this diplomatic work would not be considered interference in British affairs. Therefore, it was necessary to... Find a way that would not antagonize Britain towards Russia.

The Spanish orientalism is considered to be one of the distinguished oriental streams which provided great services to the Arabic Islamic Heritage in fields like Thought ,Literature , and Sciences as far as collection , indexing , editing , publication , researching ,and translation of books and manuscripts are concerned since the 12th C.AD. This is clearly significant in that period related to Moslems residence in Spain due to the fact that this historical era, being part of the present Spain, was prosperous scientifically and culturally adding a lot, not only to Spain, but also to Europe where people lived in the dark of Ignorance, backwardness , and barbarism .As compared to Arabic Islamic Culture , it was shining in the whole world spreading all aspects of science.

The research shed light on a prominent figure who had a great impact in liberating many Andalusian cities through the battles in which he participated as a military commander and commander of the Islamic armies during the era of Caliph al-Nasir li Din Allah, as he served him throughout his rule and achieved many victories over the enemies of the Islamic nation and those who rebelled against the government. Cordoba, he obtained the highest administrative positions in the state and reached the rank of minister. This was thanks to his military and political ability and skills, so he became one of the distinguished men who are referred to as Lebanon, and under his leadership many achievements were achieved at the military and political levels.

In this study, we reviewed the importance of adopting soft power as an alternative to restore rights and preserve gains, instead of resorting to the principle of force, which has had negative effects that humans have suffered throughout history. Some civilized countries have falsely claimed to adopt the concept of soft power and establish its foundations, ignoring the role of tolerant laws, especially Islamic law, in establishing this principle that the Prophet of Mercy and his honourable family were keen to establish and demonstrate its great importance in their sayings and positions, as we explained in the first axis. In contrast, the second axis clarified their most prominent methods, peace be upon them, in adopting this principle and generalizing it as a social culture. We concluded by stating the effects of adopting soft power on the thought of the Prophet's family and heritage, which was in the third axis. The conclusion includes the most important results extracted from this study.

The study addressed various stances taken by the Imams of Ahl al-Bayt regarding the Islamic conquests during the era of the Rashidun Caliphate. During this period, the Imams of Ahl al-Bayt left an enduring mark by offering counsel and involving their followers to preserve the seat of the Islamic state at that time. However, as these conquests expanded during the Umayyad state, focusing primarily on expanding their influence and seeking spoils and captives, they faced opposition from the Imams.

Religion played a fundamental role in the daily life of ancient Egyptians, shaping their social and political structures. The deification of kings and the belief in divine will significantly influenced governance, justice, and societal order. Ancient Egyptian theology often portrayed gods as omnipotent beings, exerting absolute control over human destiny. This study explores the concept of divine tyranny in ancient Egypt, examining how gods were perceived as both protectors and enforcers of cosmic balance. The research delves into mythological narratives, historical accounts, and religious texts to highlight instances where deities exercised dominance over humanity. Furthermore, it analyzes the consequences of divine authority, including rituals, punishments, and the fear-driven devotion of the people. The study aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the relationship between gods and humans, emphasizing the impact of religious beliefs on governance and social structures in ancient Egypt.

This research deals with the nature of the political and historical geography of Islamic countries in the fourth century AH. The introduction reviews the history of Islam and its geographical expansion from China to North Africa, with a focus on the Umayyad, Abbasid, and Fatimid states. The research deals with the emergence of the Umayyad state in Andalusia and its development through various stages, starting with the conquest of North Africa until the conquest of Andalusia. It also sheds light on the political thought of the Umayyad state. This research aims to shed light on the events and developments of these states in the fourth century AH and their impact on their path and decline in various fields.
Islamic countries were characterized by a diverse and intertwined geographical and political nature. These countries were influenced by many historical and geographical factors that affected the formation of their identity and development. Islamic countries in this era had strategic geographical locations that made them important trading centers between the East and the West.
Political relations and conflicts between Islamic countries in the fourth century AH were largely determined by geographical locations and natural resources. There were rivalries over control of seaports and vital trade routes.
The fourth century AH witnessed the emergence of the Fatimid state and its influence on the political balances in the region, and the nature of the geography of the Arab Maghreb was suitable for the establishment of a strong Fatimid state in that period.
This era also witnessed a major impact of the disputes and wars between the Fatimid state and the Umayyad state on the political distribution in the region, and these conflicts made the Maghreb region a scene of important political and cultural conflicts. In general, understanding the nature of the political geography of Islamic countries in the fourth century AH contributes to understanding the origins of the formation of these countries and their impact on the history and development of the region.

Iraq at the top of countries most affected by climate change. It ranks fifth globally among countries most affected by effects of climate change, including water and food insecurity. threat intersects many other challenges in Iraq, creating a potential multiplier effect could increase social and economic challenges, pave the way for the proliferation of armed groups and stimulate geopolitical instability, could create new conflicts in Iraq that is still struggling to maintain its victory against terrorist groups. challenges resulting from climate change needs to intensify efforts to implement urgent and reforms the public sector, to reach a settlement with Iran and Turkey on long-standing water disputes because of the geopolitical implications o for peace and security in the two countries. problem of research was, what the geostrategic dimensions of climate change in Iraq have emerged from the fact climatic environmental problem happened in Iraq including s foreign policy. theory of research was problem of climate change has a geostrategic dimension to Iraqinne scene and has recently become the priorities of foreign policy . conclusion of research climate change was not just an environmental climate problem, but rather a geopolitical problem. It became part of foreign policy . research conclusions, including the problem of climate change is a global problem threatens the world, including Iraq, research's proposals make climate change one of the priorities of State strategies and to allocate more resources and investments in the State budget in a manner commensurate fit with the problem

Groundwater is the mainstay of all economic activities, especially in relation to irrigating crops, watering animals, or settling people and forming rural settlements. It is also a natural resource, especially in dry and semi-dry areas, which provide the most important means of life for humans through three basic factors: water, people and land. The need for groundwater increases and the continuous demand for it increases, which forces people to dig wells to meet their needs for agriculture and daily uses. The urgent need for groundwater shows us the extent of pressures on the land, as well as the trends of its distribution and pattern of spread. The research shows that the study area uses groundwater in many areas by digging wells in the area, which numbered 63 wells. The average discharge capacity of groundwater reached (4-7) liters/second, and the salinity rate in well water reached (2500-3500) degrees. This shows that the water in the study area is low, and the reason is due to the high salinity rate in it, and that the water in the study area is not suitable for drinking because its total salinity exceeds the upper limits permitted for this purpose, but it is suitable for irrigating agricultural crops and animals.

The current research aims to: identify the degree to which primary school teachers practice the principles of active learning from the point of view of educational supervisors. To achieve this goal, the researcher built a questionnaire for this purpose consisting of (24) items The degree to which primary school teachers practice the principles of active learning is determined from the point of view of educational supervisors, and the criterion for answering it was according to a five-point Likert scale and is as follows: available in a degree (very little, little, moderate, great, very great), The results of the research showed that the degree of primary school teachers’ practice of the principles of active learning was with an arithmetic average of (3.96) and a high degree of availability, which is a good degree. The research recommended (providing an educational environment suitable for this type of learning and adding attached halls to schools in order to practice active learning strategies. Addressing decision-makers to provide financial rewards to teachers who obtain high standard percentages.

The aim of the current study is to identify:
1- The level of emotional understanding of university students.
2- The significance of the differences in the level of emotional understanding among university students, (scientific - human) according to the gender variables (males - females).
The current study community was identified as the students of Wasit University for morning studies for the academic year (2021-2022), who numbered (13940), with (7752) male and female students from scientific disciplines and (6188) male and female students from human specialties, and the current research sample included (400) students. A student from Wasit University, and after reviewing the literature and previous studies, the researcher adopted the (Abbas, 2021) scale for emotional understanding, which consists of (45) items distributed over three areas: (emotion analysis, awareness of emotions, expression of emotions), They were presented to experts and specialists to judge their validity, and then the researcher applied the standards to the research sample. After completing the application, the researcher used the appropriate statistical methods to analyze the data, and the research showed the following results:
1- Wasit University students have good control over their emotional comprehension.
2- There are no differences in emotional understanding among university students according to the gender variable (males, females), while it was found that there are statistically significant differences in emotional understanding in favor of the scientific specialization according to the academic specialization (scientific, human).

The current study aims to assess the level of critical thinking among students of the College of Education at the University of Al-Qadisiyah, as well as to identify the significance of differences in critical thinking levels based on the variables of specialization (scientific – humanities) and gender (male – female). The research sample consisted of 400 male and female students from various scientific and humanities departments within the college. The California Critical Thinking Skills Test (2000), which includes 34 items, was applied as the research instrument.] The results indicated that the critical thinking level among the sample was within the acceptable range, which was educationally defined at 80%. Furthermore, the findings revealed statistically significant differences in critical thinking skills based on gender, with females outperforming males. Additionally, significant differences were observed based on specialization, favoring scientific disciplines. In light of these findings, the study presents a set of recommendations and suggestions to enhance critical thinking skills among students.

This study aims primarily to identify the reality of using second generation applications in developing technological skills by technology teachers and their assistants in the Faculty of Education Teaching Methods, as well as to know who among them has previously attended training courses in this field, with an explanation of the patterns and forms of second generation applications used in developing technological skills, while shedding light on the obstacles that may prevent them from using this technology in education. To achieve the objectives of this study, the researcher used the field method, by preparing and distributing the questionnaire to (90) faculty members and assistants in the Faculty of Education Teaching Methods. Finally, the study concluded with a number of recommendations and proposals that help address the research problem and shed light on it.

The current research aims to identify the effect of the Honey-mumford model of unrealistic optimism among university students ,The sample consisted of ( A) the experimental group that was exposed to the Honey model and ( B) the control group .Ascale for unrealistic optimism was developed to measure the variable of interest the research tools were applied to the students totaling (60) male and(30) female students Results showed the positive influence of the Honey model in building cognitive frameworks and improving awareness to reduce unrealistic optimism Recommendations emphasize the need to adopt this model to enhance the skills of university students in managing and assessing their perceptions realistically

The current research aims to show the degree to which teachers apply the project method by science teachers in Wasit schools. And to clarify the degree to which students benefit from applying the project method in achieving better academic results. This is done through the descriptive approach by applying a questionnaire of (30) statements distributed over three axes, which the researcher applied to a sample of (60) science teachers for the fourth grade, who were randomly selected and applied in Wasit city schools. The study concluded that the application of the project method by teachers is closely related to raising the academic achievement of fourth grade students in science. The research results also showed through the average responses of the sample studied that the extent to which the teacher applies the project method has a positive impact on improving academic achievement among fourth grade students in science, and that some modern strategies may affect raising the level of academic achievement among students. No statistically significant differences were found according to the variable of gender, academic qualification, and number of years of experience for students.

The research aimed to try to identify the role of social media in forming the culture of students in schools in the city of Mosul on a sample of 150 families to identify the extent of the impact of these media on their students. The objectives of the research were to try to identify the nature of the topics that their children follow through social media? What is the role of these means in forming the culture of students at this age? What are its advantages and disadvantages on general culture? The research relied on the descriptive approach and social survey in collecting data, and the research reached a number of results, including that the majority of students use social media, which distracts them from practicing social activities. Social media has left negative effects on students, such as social isolation, hostile and violent behavior, lack of concentration, and indifference. Social media has weakened the educational level of students.

The research aimed to identify Ibn Khaldun's ideas about peace and conflict.As well as identifying Karl Marx's ideas about peace and conflict.In addition to discussing the nature of the dialectical relationship between peace and conflict in both Ibn Khaldun and Karl Marx and comparing them. The research is considered one of the analytical researches and the research concluded that Ibn Khaldun and Karl Marx dealt with peace and conflict through what is called dialectics, as Ibn Khaldun started from the conflict between Bedouins and urbanites, while Karl Marx started from the class conflict between workers and employers, which results from the conflict that causes Bedouins and urbanites and workers and employers in an environment and circumstances different from the period before the conflict. It also showed that peace and conflict in Ibn Khaldun is relative to a specific period, while conflict in Karl Marx in the last stage of development will be absolute.

focusing on the periods of the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries, as well as the modern era. It examines the most prominent philosophers who advocated for and emphasized this concept in their writings and traces its development over time.
The research concluded with several key findings, the most important being that modern hermeneutics calls for prioritizing rational judgment and using reason to evaluate things. It identifies the main features of hermeneutics as presented by modern hermeneutic philosophers, relied on reason for its discoveries and successive civilizations. However, they specifically referred to adopting the scientific experimental method to examine the universe, existence,
Keywords: Hermeneutics, Modern Era
The research aims to study hermeneutics in the modern era, as it has become an independent discipline that has permeated all branches of both human and scientific knowledge.
In the modern era, modernity has occupied a significant space in the discourse of contemporary Western thought. The concept has been attributed various meanings and interpretations, to the extent that overlapping and contradictory understandings have emerged, making each epistemological understanding cancel out the others. This is due to several factors and reasons that have contributed to shaping the awareness of the concept as one formed in historical contexts tied to Western societies.

This research aims to develop an effective media strategy model for addressing security issues in Iraq by identifying the frameworks and media channels most influential in raising public awareness and enhancing security stability. The study also seeks to propose strategic solutions that contribute to overcoming the current security challenges in Iraq through improving coordination between media and security entities, enhancing media credibility, and combating fake news and rumors that may threaten national security. The researcher will use the Quadruple Analytical Method in the study: the SWOT tool, which is one of the strategic analysis tools, is used to identify four key points: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats, which form the acronym SWOT. The study concluded with several findings: Iraqi security media has the ability to deliver clear and direct messages, especially during crises, thus enhancing trust between the public and security forces. This helps build a strong relationship with the community during security challenges.

للأنظمة التأديبية في الوظيفة العامة دور مهم في أرساء مبدأ حسن وانتظام واطراد المرفق العام اللازم لتمكين الإدارة من القيام بمهمتها لتحقيق المصلحة العامة، وسعت قوانين الوظيفة العامة في دولتي العراق ومصر ومن خلال القواعد القانونية الى خلق نوع من التوازن بين مبدأين مهمين في القانون الإداري هما مبدأ الفاعلية ومبدأ الضمان، وذلك بالاستناد الى ما هو سائد في كلتا الدولتين من فلسفة اجتماعية واقتصادية وسياسية، لذا اختلفت التشريعات الوظيفية فيهما عند بيان السلطة التأديبية، فأخذ التشريع العراقي بمنطق الفاعلية أي اسناد النظام التأديبي للسلطة الإدارية وهو ما يعرف بالنظام التأديبي الرئاسي، اما التشريع المصري فغلب منطق الضمان أي اسناد النظام التأديبي للسلطة القضائية وهو ما يعرف بالنظام التأديبي القضائي.

The legislative authority exercises its powers stipulated in the constitution, which is the sovereign authority in the state, and is thus under the direct supervision of the constitutional judge. The legislator may also resort to harnessing his legislative authority to achieve personal, factional or partisan goals that have nothing to do with the public interest, thereby deviating from the exercise of his function. Legislative deviation is achieved by the law issued by the legislative authority violating the rules of constitutional jurisdiction or the procedures set by the constitution for the legislative process, or the general principles and provisions that dominate the rules of the constitution, or by exceeding its goals for the spirit of the constitution. Here, the constitutional judiciary obliges the legislative authority to proceed within the constitutional limits set by the constitutional document, and to achieve the principle of legitimacy and protect the principle of the rule of law, which requires that legislation not deviate from the provisions of the constitution.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the various types of coherence seen in Arthur Miller\'s play \"Death of a Salesman.\" It aims to find out the effect of using coherence devices in the selected text. This study uses a descriptive qualitative methodology to investigate the many types of coherence devices found in this play. It adheres to Oshima and Hogue\'s (2006) model of coherence. The findings of this study revealed that all coherent devices are used in Arthur Miller\'s play \'\'Death of a Salesman\'\'. The most common coherent device utilized in this play is the consistent use of pronouns. It occurs1808 times (39.90%). The play employed the repetition of key nouns as an important coherent device. Repeating key nouns occur 1532 times (33.81%). It is the second frequent coherent device in this play. Repeating key nouns plays an important role in developing ideas and character motivations. Furthermore, transition signals are utilized extensively in this play. It serves as the third coherent device in this play. The play analyzed in this study contains 1190 (26.26%) transition signals. Additionally, the logical division of ideas pattern is the order that is used in this play. Although there are comparisons and contrasts particularly between Willy Loman\'s goals and the brutal facts he meets, the paly is ordered by the logical division of ideas pattern.

The present study clarifies The Book Thief (2005) by Markus Zusak. It provides a detailed depiction of how people and groups deal with repressive regimes by concentrating on the conflict between subcultures and the dominant culture. Using the Sociopolitical Development Theory, the paper analyzes Markus Zusak's 2005 historical book The Book Thief by examining the characters and how their experiences influenced their fates. In addition to showing the individuals' anguish, effort, and fortitude in the face of persecution and oppression, the book illustrates the effects of political disputes and wars on societies.

This study examines mystical visions and Jungian archetypes in Thomas Stearns Eliot’s Murder in the Cathedral (1935) which recounts the martyrdom of Archbishop Thomas Becket in 1170, yet its significance is still relevant today. Historically the martyrdom resulted from the conflict between King Henry II, who represented royal privileges, and Becket, who represented Catholic Church privileges. To grasp these two competing divine and mundane forces depicted in the play, this research Adopts a Jungian psychoanalytic approach in its focus on the conveyed mysticism and archetypes. Through this approach, the study sheds light on Eliot’s attempt at bringing his message home to his modern audiences that the passage of time does not deprive martyrdom of its significance, and that faith still counts.