iklil for Humanity Studies

The science of the Qur’an has a great place among the legal sciences, especially the sciences related to the Holy Qur’an and its subjects. From the Qur\'an I have dealt with an important topic, which is the subject of magic . This is what attracts the soul and increases the desire for it , due to its longing to know the unseen because of what it contains of stored secrets and hidden sciences , and the soul may strive hard to touch the features of that hidden .
The subject of magic has branched out , sometimes with intuition, sometimes with astrology, and sometimes with fortune-telling , but practicing magic is a transgression against the power of ALLAH Almighty and an interference in His affairs, therefore, the punishment for those who do it and those who seek it is sever , as it is one of the major sins that unfortunately have spread in our societies despite the prohibition of the Holy Qur\'an and the prophetic Sunnah .
In this modest researc, the scholars\' definition of magic was examined, with a statement of its truth and wisdom from the Qur\'an and Sunnah, as well as an understanding of its types, causes, stages of treatment and prevention, with an explanation of the effects of magic, as evidenced by stories from the Holy Qur\'an.

If the signs of the Hour are integrated, and the time of the specific moment known to the Lord of the worlds, and hidden from all His servants, comes, that time at which the term of the world, including it, ends, then life ends from this earth and all other parts of the universe, and this cosmic system is scattered as a whole, after it has been a long time in the service of his master, adhering to the approach he has set in it that does not deviate from it, until the moment comes when the Almighty gives permission to blow into start behind it a new phase of creation, formation and organization, this end when there is no life from the universe and collapse then its system and change its features and scatter its parts, this is what the Qur'an calls the Day of Resurrection, which extends its beginning from blowing in the images in which the destruction of creation and then published, and then to the length of the account and balance and passing the path until the owners of Paradise settle in the paradise of their immortality and settle the owners of torment in their price.
All of the above Quranic texts show the different conditions of people and around them from the color change in the Qur'anic text has a significance on their faces in terms of health and disease and in terms of the appearance of signs of faith and the emergence of humiliation of sin, and this is evident in the understanding of the Qur'anic texts with different connotations according to the different download of the statement of the constants of faith and the statement of legislation provisions and conditions of the Last Day and the statement of the moral construction of the Islamic community

Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the one sent as a mercy to the worlds, Muhammad bin Abdullah, and upon his family and those who follow him in righteousness until the Day of Judgment.
This research entitled Narrations on War Permissions deals with studying the narrations of the Imams of the Household (peace be upon them) and the majority to explain the permission for those who have a permissible excuse to stay away from joining the fighters on the battlefield. In the context of talking about the hadiths that included explaining the status of these people with the Messenger of God (may God bless him and his family) and the reward and recompense they have in this world and the hereafter, even though they are not in the ranks of the fighters on the battlefield, for example, while we are discussing the topic of permission for some fighters not to join the war, it has its fruit and cause, not sitting and staying away from joining without an excuse. We find this beautiful characteristic and observation in the person of the Messenger of God (may God bless him and his family) and it was manifested in Imam Ali (peace be upon him) and in every leader and every shepherd. In this topic, we have collected the narrations from the Sahih books (Bukhari and Muslim) from the majority, and from the reliable hadith books of the Imamis (Al-Kafi, Al-Tahdhib, Al-Istibsar, Man La Yahduruhu Al-Faqih, Wasa’il Al-Shi’a, and other books in which the hadiths of permissions were mentioned). Despite the keenness and effort of scholars in collecting and studying the narrations of the majority and the Imamis and keeping the Prophetic Sunnah valid until the Day of Judgment, we note that these topics still need research, study and learning, as knowledge is an inexhaustible sea, the more we draw from it the more it increases.

Praise be to God, the Most Honorable, whom we seek help from, seek guidance from, and seek refuge in God from the evils of ourselves and the bad deeds of our deeds. To Him is praise always and forever. Imam Al-Mawardi’s fundamentalist opinions varied on various important issues in the principles of jurisprudence, and this is evidence of his extensive knowledge of the special principles in the science of jurisprudence, and his opinions in the books of others have spread and expanded, and they are Scattered in other books about the book - The Holy Qur’an, the researcher has collected it in this book of his. He had many different opinions, as he agreed in some of them with his previous opinions in his book Al-Hawi and disagreed with some of them. This is an indication of the mentality of the fundamentalist researcher, complete according to Al-Mawardi, because the fundamentalist revolves around the evidence wherever he finds it. And wherever he finds his way.
His opinions on the decisive, the similar, the operative, and the understood, compared to the opinions of other fundamentalist scholars, are very important in terms of forming their preliminary definitions and restrictions on which one can build, and comparing his opinions with the opinions of other scholars is very important.
The majority of fundamentalists agreed with most of them, and he was able to crystallize his unique idea from his precise fundamentalist thought. Al-Mawardi’s scientific opinions are widely spread in the books of others. In some of his opinions, he contradicts the fundamentalist Shafi’i doctrine, and some of them agree with the majority of Shafi’is, and his definition of what is spoken and understood is sometimes different from others. His definition of the general was a unique definition that resembled it to many issues that differed from others, and most of his opinions in which he disagreed with the scholars were in the chapter of applying the absolute to the restricted, and his opinions on the issue of abrogation are almost a rule for other fundamentalists, and in the midst of this matter we ask God to help me to do what is right, for He is in charge of that and He is capable of doing so. on him

The Sabians share with the heavenly religions the story of the creation of Adam (peace be upon him). The Sabians attributed the creation of Adam (peace be upon him) to the angels, not to God Almighty. Adam (peace be upon him) was created to be one of the angels, but the claim contradicts what was reported that Adam (peace be upon him) was created on Earth. The angels assigned to create Adam (peace be upon him) fell into confusion as they were unable to create him, and they fell into a dilemma of how to breathe life into him. The Sabians attributed human characteristics to the Lord Almighty and to the angels, and that they wear human-like clothes. Two angels disputed the creation of Adam: Bathahil and Mandadhiy. Adam (peace be upon him) was not in Heaven but on Earth. Some angels were assigned to guard Adam (peace be upon him), a guard that did not achieve its results.Expanding the study of some scattered topics in a comparative study to clarify the greatness of Islam.

If two contradictory actions were reported from the Prophet (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family), then this contradiction is only apparent; Because actions do not conflict with regard to the origin of their reality; Because each of their actions takes place in a specific time, and the condition of opposition is equal time between the two opposites. If he did it at one time and then left it at another time, that would not be a conflict.
Just as entities do not conflict, neither do actions. Because they are existential universes, each action has an action that is separate from the other action, so it is not conceivable that a contradiction would occur between the actions

The Holy Quraan contains all the incentives and pillars that enable researchers to continuously retrieve human efforts in reading and re-reading it with the aim of correcting, expanding and enriching their knowledge. The philosophical interpretation of the Holy Qur’an is one of the contemporary approaches of understanding this Holy Book. This includes the contemporary philosophical reading presented by Dr. Mohammad Shahrour of the Qur’anic Text, which aims at re-examining the verses of the Qur’anic revelation according to the latest contemporary science and human knowledge. Shahrour’s reading is an interpretive one that seeks to provide a new vision and contemporary understanding of the Holy Qur’an. His method is based on researching the broad meaning of the Arabic language and the Qur’anic vocabulary in light of his division of the Qur’anic verses into: definitive verses, representing the message of Prophet Mohammad (Prayers and peace be upon him), and referred to as the “Mother of the Book”, which are subject to “Ijtihad” [personal Islamic judgement] according to social and economic circumstances except for worship, ethics, and limits. The other type of Shahrour’s division is the allegorical verses, referred to as “The Qur’an and the seven Repeated Verses”, which are open to interpretation according to the relative knowledge. This encompasses the verses of belief and other verses which are neither definitive nor allegoric referred to as “Details of the Book”.
The present research highlights the most prominent interpretations with a comparison between this method and those of a group of researchers specialized in Qur’anic studies.
To fathom Shahrour’s thought and method, the current research addresses the narration of the Qur’anic creation and the creation of Adam, as the ontological aspect of the Qur’anic narration through which there is an endeavor to connect the laws of existence, movement, and becoming in a number of verses. The research arrives at results that can be considered as novel and different. It also provides some critical observations on his views and results, discussed within the body and the conclusion.

In this research, we attempt to present Newton’s influence on the philosophy of Immanuel Kant, before his critical philosophy, as it is known that Kant was greatly influenced by Newton’s laws, and their influence was clear in his philosophy, and it was said that Kant was more Newtonian than Newton himself. In adhering to Newton's laws of mechanism, Kant tried to explain everything according to Newton's laws.

This research aims to clarify Heidegger\'s stance on metaphysics, which has characterized the history of Western thought. It questions whether he truly offered a new and different understanding through his reading and critique of metaphysics, or if he became entangled in establishing a new metaphysics himself. Despite his critical attempts, he may not have completely liberated himself from metaphysical concepts, even as he proposed unconventional formulations and coined unique terms that sometimes proved difficult to comprehend, complicating what he intended to clarify and challenging the simplifications he aimed for. This necessitated a critique of the critique

The research seeks to reveal the contents of the media discourseof Zagros Satellite Channel an Arabic-speaking Kurdish satellite channel. The study aimed to uncoverthe content of the media discourse including prominent topics ,influential forces, arguments,evidence, , and frameworks used by the channel.
The most prominent results reached by the research are as follows:
1. The research found that the media discourse on Zagros Satellite Channel
pre dominantlyfocused on political topics (48.6%), and economic topics (26.4%)
2. The infiuential forces in the media discourse were primarily(political researchers) (33.1%),and deputies(26.5%).
3.The analysis identified(162) paths of proof,with (statements of officials) (43.8%),and (presenting the two points of view) (29%) as the mostcommon forms of evidence presented.
4.The studyalso highlighted the use of divers frames of reference in the media discourseincluding political, economic, and security references,depending on the nature of events discussed

The current study aimed to identify the developments that occurred in the journalistic writing style as a result of the emergence and spread of electronic media, and to identify the advantages and conditions of electronic journalistic writing.
The study adopted the descriptive analytical method by applying a questionnaire of (24) statements divided into four areas on a sample of (118) Iraqi journalists.
The study found that Iraqi journalists highly appreciate the developments in journalistic writing style as a result of the spread of electronic media. However, these estimates are not affected by gender variables and journalists’ years of experience.

Based on the great importance of these principles, which govern the system of government, the form of the state, the definition of the rights and freedoms of individuals, and commitment to the principles of democracy, the formulation of these principles required more skill and precision than others in formulating sentences that require only one meaning to be accepted, and greater effort. Because the formulation of these principles should not be looked at according to their carefulness with words only, but rather they must be looked at in light of the results that will result from the scientific and realistic application of the provisions of the Constitution.

The general goal of this research is to identify the role of strategic thinking and its impact on the health performance of medical staff at Najaf Teaching Hospital (German Hospital). The research relied on the descriptive-inferential approach through the opinions of a sample of doctors at Najaf Teaching Hospital. The research adopted the topic of strategic thinking within the conceptual framework as an independent explanatory variable, and health performance as a responsive variable. The analysis was conducted using a set of statistical tools compatible with the research objectives, and the SmartPLS program was used as a statistical package on the sample of 60 doctors. The research included a number of conclusions, the most prominent of which is that strategic thinking is considered one of the most accurate concepts capable of preparing a comprehensive, multi-directional vision, given that it stems from intuition and creativity to develop a comprehensive and integrated vision for a strategic project. The most important recommendations reached by the research are the need for administrative leaders at Najaf Teaching Hospital to pay attention to practicing strategic thinking, given its important role in improving health performance. This includes working to develop their skills and abilities in this field through specialized training courses that develop their scientific and cognitive abilities. The strategic leader must also possess the skill of allocating available resources and capabilities and using them efficiently and effectively, in line with the hospital's strategic objectives.

Interest in developing the educational process is one of the necessities of building acontemporary society, in order to keep pace with the technological and cognitive development that is witnessing a kind of acceleration in its outcomes. Therefore, developing educational applications in our era has become a basic term in strategies to advance educational processes to the highest levels of effectiveness and flexibility in supporting the student in learning, so that he is able to progress according to his capabilities and special needs. One of the most important terms of development is what has become known as artificial intelligence, which has caused a major breakthrough, as it has contributed to solving challenges facing the educational system and contributed to innovating advanced practices for teaching and learning, and has worked to accelerate progress towards achieving the goals of the educational system, as the use of artificial intelligence technologies and applications in education has led to great progress in theory and application, and has produced new educational practices such as online learning and distance learning by engaging students and connecting them with each other and with their teachers in asynchronous environments, in addition to what these technologies have provided in reducing the burdens that teachers suffer in performing their educational duties. This study addresses the topic of artificial intelligence technologies and applications and their effects on the entire educational and pedagogical process by shedding light on the concepts and means of artificial intelligence, and clarifying the applications of artificial intelligence and their effects in the educational field.

The current research objective is to identify:
1- Visual knowledge of university students.
2- The essential-apparent identity of university students.
3- Statis tically signify cant differe nces in the research varia bles according to the gender variable (male، female).
4- The correlation between the cognitive insight and the essential-appearance identity.
In order to achieve the objectives of the current research، the researcher built ranges of visual knowledge and approved scales from (Algeria Disease 2022) for a sample consisting of 422 male and female students from the university، and the data was processed with appropriate statistical means. The following results emerged:
1- There is a high level of cognitive insight among university students
2- The emergence of statistically significant differences in the visual and cognitive variable according to the gender variable.
And in favor of females
3- There is a high level of intrinsic identity among university students
4- The emergence of statistically significant differences in the core identity variable according to the gender variable and in favor of females.
5- There is a correlation between the two research variables.
In the light of the findings، the researcher made a set of recommendations and proposals.

This research addresses the challenges facing media ethics in light of the proliferation of low-quality content in the digital age. It examines the concept and characteristics of substandard content and analyzes the impact of technology and economic pressures on the quality of media content. The study discusses current mechanisms for addressing this challenge, including legislation and regulatory bodies. It proposes strategies to enhance media ethics, such as media education and the development of professional codes of conduct. Finally, the research explores innovative opportunities and solutions, such as using technology to improve content quality and new models of self-regulation, focusing on achieving a balance between freedom of expression and media responsibility.

The research addressed the issue of the impact of political conflicts on the macroeconomic variables of North African countries and the nature and forms of political conflicts. He highlighted the basic concepts about political conflicts and their repercussions on North African countries as an introduction and the impact of political conflict on the economic variables of a number of North African countries. The research clarified an important problem: What is the extent of the impact of these conflicts on the macroeconomic variables of a number of North African countries?
The descriptive approach was used to study the research phenomenon, and the research reached a number of results, the most important of which are: Maintaining the political stability of these countries achieves economic stability in general, and then controlling a number of economic variables that affect people’s livelihood, such as maintaining prices and controlling their changes, As well as controlling the inflation rate. The other conclusion is to work to reduce the deficit in their budgets, and direct their governments’ spending towards providing necessary goods and services, such as health and education, which will reflect positively on people’s standard of living, leading to the absence of investment incentives. Violence and violence. Rebellion and gaining popular support for these countries.

Political and economic reform in Iraq witnessed several changes in the structure of political and economic institutions. Political and economic reform has consequences and repercussions on political stability in Iraq in particular, and this requires enacting laws, developing institutions, and privatizing public projects. Iraq witnessed the beginning of a new phase in the nature of governance, through the presence of institutions. A democratic state that aims to enhance political participation, expand freedoms and rights, and respect the principles of human rights.
The research aims to explain some of the challenges that stand in the way of achieving economic reforms, and the role of the state in adopting economic reform policies and reaching a solution to these challenges. Research Problem: The Iraqi economy witnessed many crises and difficulties, which negatively affected Iraq’s ability to implement its foreign policy. Research hypothesis: There is a direct, reciprocal relationship between balanced Iraqi foreign policy and achieving security and economic stability. Conclusions: Political and economic reforms come through adopting a reform policy in the Iraqi state systems capable of finding solutions to the problems that the Iraqi economy suffers from. Research structure: The study was divided into three sections, in addition to the conclusion, which includes conclusions and recommendations.

The discretionary authority of the legislator is among the most important topics of constitutional law, because the legislator does not have all absolute freedom to enact laws, although the political system is characterized by democracy, this is democratic, because most of the countries of the world have imposed on the authority to confront the legislation, the need to respect the Constitution and the principles of justice to which states are adhered. Among its most important pillars is that the legislator is the only one entitled to intervene in the enactment of laws that express the public interest, but this is governed by the need to observe the Constitution and the accepted principles. Most countries are also work to give the executive authority to enact laws in certain cases, which makes it necessary, which made the constitutional judiciary address such issues in order to achieve respect for the constitution. The purpose of the purpose of the research seeks to clarify the discretionary authority enjoyed by the legislator, which we concluded.

With the emergence of the Internet revolution and the enormous and advanced technologies that accompanied it، it transformed the world into a small village، which led to all people relying in one way or another on these technologies and in all aspects of their daily lives (including e-mail)، which made the user trust them. To a very great extent، however، the reliability of these technologies has now become threatened by the spread of messages in the form of advertisements that reach the user via e-mail، which are considered undesirable. They arrive randomly، intensively، and targeted to certain groups that were not previously known to the advertising party، as they were able to send based on information. A personality that was collected earlier through tracking tools available on the Internet due to the cheap cost of advertisements available through e-mail messages، so that advertisers take advantage of this advantage and send messages from their e-mail to the largest possible number of consumers containing content that may be legitimate، such as advertising their goods and services. Or it is illegal، it could be fraudulent or immoral content، because it reaches him without his prior request at all، in addition to the fact that it takes up space in the user’s email and exhausts him in order to remove it. Therefore، it represents a violation of the privacy of his life، as he is surprised by messages (advertisements) that reach him without his desire or prior notice. Request from sender.

The topic of civil liability of robots is one of the topics worthy of research, interest and investigation, as it contributes to finding a justification for demanding compensation for the damage caused by the use of artificial intelligence technologies in general and robots in particular, as liability arises when the use of these technologies causes damage to either their users or others, which raises questions about the adequacy of the general rules in stating the legal basis for civil liability. The research will include within its folds a specification of the person responsible for these damages. The research concluded that the legal basis for civil liability of the robot differs according to the existence of a contract or not. In the event of a contract, contractual liability is imposed on the robot on the basis of a hidden defect or a breach of the protection provided for the consumer. In the event of the absence of a contract, the basis of its liability is a breach of a legal obligation imposed by law, which requires the principal to be responsible for the actions of his subordinates and the liability for mechanical objects, as well as the Islamic jurisprudential basis for civil liability of the robot. It may be based on the basis of the rank of the thing, so the robot is responsible by analogy with the responsibility of the animal, or it may be based on the basis of the rank of the personality, so the robot is responsible by analogy with the responsibility of the slave. In addition, the concept of robots should be interpreted broadly to include, in addition to the artificial structure designed in the form of a robot, all active machines and structures such as self-driving cars, drones, and other applications of artificial intelligence, to which the provisions of robot liability can be applied.

Being a human being، regardless of his color، gender، or nationality، a human being enjoys rights، some of which are closely related to him and the other part enjoys them after them. These rights were initially approved in local internal laws، except for the progress and development that made the world like a small village and the effects left by wars، including World War II. It demonstrated to the international community human rights that individuals must know and protect، whether in time of peace or in time of war، which are represented in humanitarian law

The Hierarchy between custom and the treaty is one of the thorny and controversial topics in general international law, and the reason is mainly due to the difference in the legal and methodological philosophy that the researcher or specialist considers the sources of international law, in addition to the lack of bodies competent to issue international legal rules, however, states have developed Possibilities to facilitate this task, the most important of which is the establishment of international organizations to exchange views and viewpoints, issuing decisions or concluding treaties to establish the foundations and pillars of the international system, which contributed to the emergence of a formal and objective Hierarchy between types of custom and treaty, and this resulted in a number of important effects.

This study aims to reveal the concept of crime and the criminal responsibility resulting from it, and this study is included in the framework of comparative studies, where the researcher tended to study criminal responsibility and the extent of its association in crimes, as we pointed out very important points related to the contraindications to that responsibility as well as the legal pillar in Iraq and Syria on the principle of legality, where there is no crime or punishment except by a specific legal text (Article 2 of the Syrian Penal Code) as well as covered by Iraqi law.

The relationship between climate change and comprehensive human security is an intertwined, complex, and fraught with many ambiguities. It was one of the main reasons for reviewing the concept of traditional security with its military dimensions at the end of the Cold War, and expanding the concept more comprehensively after the developments that occurred in the global arena, most notably the environmental threat, as nations proposed The United Nations introduced a new concept of security with seven dimensions, and environmental security was one of them. In light of the wave of climate change that various regions of the world (including Iraq) are witnessing, it has cast a harsh shadow on many aspects of life, negatively affecting many aspects of comprehensive human security.
As for Iraq, it is considered one of the countries affected by climate change to a large extent, according to reality data, and according to what was indicated by reports and statistics of specialized international organizations in this field, which classified Iraq as the fifth country at risk in the world in terms of water and food shortages. Drought has led to The marshes in southern Iraq and the scarcity of water resources (compared to the past) in the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, as well as the scarcity of rain, have created new conditions characterized by embarrassment, difficulty, pressure on natural resources, and a threat to the ecosystem and population. Climate changes (in the past and present) have negatively affected Iraq by greatly threatening its water and food security. This has greatly affected the scarcity of resources, increased the volume of internal conflicts and migration from the countryside to the cities, and doubled the social pressures due to poverty and unemployment, which is This constitutes one of the prominent reasons for the increase in the rate of crimes of various kinds as a natural result of this.

Transfer of possession to the heir if he is of good faith and to a carrier of ownership for a period of five years that acquires the property and does not prevent the acquisition by the owner of the bad faith of the designated successor, If there is an agreement between the holder and the non-designated successor of the transfer of the sold item to the buyer evenif delivery has not already been effected which is the second form of transfer to the succession by general successor and by private posterity as heir in common part and as recommended continuation to the possession of the predecessor as for possession of the private successor is nodal bond with the bredecess or the buyer it is anew possession .

This study aimed to identify the different methods of appeal against judicial decisions, a comparative study in the Iraqi and Egyptian legislation. The study used the descriptive and analytical approach in accordance with what was stated in both the Iraqi and Egyptian legislation and the results resulting from each method of appeal, We find that most legal legislations have allowed the filing of appeals against judicial decisions, including the Iraqi and Egyptian legislators, who decided on a set of means of appeal as legal methods aimed at paving the way for the plaintiffs to ask the judiciary to reconsider the dispute, through specific procedures and deadlines, and if those are used means, or if the prescribed legal deadlines expire without the ruling being appealed, it becomes final and cannot be appealed, and becomes a sign of truthof appeal are usually divided into ordinary methods of appeal and extraordinary methods of appeal. The Iraqi legislator has decided on a group of ordinary methods of appeal, such as objecting to the absentee judgment, and unusual methods, such as correcting the discriminatory decision and objecting to others, which were not decided by the Egyptian legislator. The appeal may be directed to the decision itself in the event that The court committed an error in deducing or evaluating the facts, or in implementing the law on the aforementioned facts, or in the event that a rule was applied that may not be applied. In all of these cases, the court has strayed from the application of justice. The main problem was in researching how to submit appeals, and accordingly it was decided. Comparison between Egyptian law and Iraqi law and the differences between them

The crime of mediation in the transfer and transplantation of human organs is one of the most serious crimes facing humans and constitutes a flagrant violation of their rights and an infringement on their dignity. This crime is considered modern-day slavery due to the practice of trafficking in human organs and treating them as a commodity that is bought and sold. This crime has become a global crime that troubles societies and governments, and may take the form of cross-border crimes or criminal acts within the territory of the state. It is not a problem of a particular state, but rather concerns the international community as a whole. Therefore, international efforts have been combined to combat this crime, by concluding a set of international agreements to prevent it. Because the human body has a special importance, it constitutes an essential element in the formation of the legal personality of the human being, and the right of the human being to his body is one of the rights inherent in the personality that is connected to the physical entity of the human being, as it arises with his existence and ends with his death, and harming it will lead to reducing the person's ability to exercise his social functions and duties towards society. Therefore, the human body is surrounded by prestigious protection in the law, as the Iraqi legislator in the Human Organ Transplantation and Prevention of Trade Law No. (11) of 2016 did not stop at criminalizing dealing in human organs and tissues, whether by selling, buying or trading, but rather expanded the scope of criminalization to include all acts that fall within the scope of crimes of human organ transplantation and transfer, including acts of participation, advertising and mediation. The mediator is the link between the seller and the buyer and plays a fundamental role in these crimes by gathering people who wish to sell their organs or tissues due to financial distress and facilitates all medical procedures for them. The goal that the legislator seeks to achieve is to close all loopholes of organ trade brokers who mediate in buying and selling operations, whether they are individuals, organized criminal groups or institutions, in addition to the legislator's desire to extend the greatest protection to the sanctity of the human body by criminalizing all acts committed by perpetrators to keep the body outside the scope of prohibited dealings, as it bestowed special respect on it and made it immune from any aggression. The infallibility of the body gives its owner a right to physical safety that he can claim against everyone. It prevents others from assaulting a person by beating, wounding, torturing, or treating him in a degrading manner, and prevents the owner of the body himself from touching his body in a way that affects the natural functioning of the body’s systems that allows them to perform their functions. However, as a result of the progress of medical sciences and the development of their means, it has become possible to benefit from the human body and its components, whether alive or dead, in treatment and in conducting medical and scientific research. This has led to the destabilization of the principle of the sanctity and dignity of the human body and its exit from the circle of dealing. Therefore, the Iraqi legislator has emphasized in the Human Organ Transplantation and Trade Prevention Law No. 11 of 2016 the prohibition of performing the process of transferring an organ or human tissue from the body of a living person for the purpose of transplanting it into the body of another living person except for a therapeutic necessity. It is necessary that the transfer and transplantation of human organs be done as a donation and without any financial compensation. Organizing human organ transplantation operations in this manner does not prevent these operations from still being and will remain in the corner of exception, at least from a criminal perspective. Therefore, these operations must be organized with the utmost care and precision, so that they do not go beyond the circle of exception. These operations must always be between two intersecting circles, which are the circle of exception and the circle of criminalization. If these operations go beyond the circle of exception, they will inevitably enter the circle of criminalization. Violating any condition of the conditions for permitting human organ transplantation operations takes these operations out of the circle of exception, and this results in the commission of crimes of human organ transplantation operations and then the imposition of penalties and precautionary measures against anyone who violates the provisions of the Human Organ Transplantation Law

This study aimed to explore the principle of complementarity in criminal law and its impact on punishment within the constitution of the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the criminal laws of Iraq and Sudan. The study employed an inductive-deductive methodology. Consequently, it was essential that some individuals who committed crimes be appropriately punished for their actions. This study addresses the concept of impunity in the context of crimes against humanity. As such, the phenomenon of impunity emerged as a systematic method used by some criminals to evade justice and compensation, whether material or moral.
The study highlights a series of criticisms directed at the ICC, particularly its failure to achieve its intended goals. It underscores the importance of closing loopholes and preventing the undermining of its provisions, which would in turn prevent criminals from escaping punishment and contribute to enhancing international peace and security.
The key findings of the study include the obligation of ICC member states to enact local legislation to limit crimes against humanity and deter perpetrators. The study also recommends the establishment of a specialized body to enforce ICC rulings on crimes against humanity, as leaving enforcement orders to member states might lead to impunity or the evasion of law enforcement so Among the most important recommendations of the study is the application of the principle of pardon over time and adherence to orders from superiors in courts. It also emphasizes the importance of implementing extradition principles, particularly regarding the ratification of legislation to ensure legal guarantees.
The study includes a significant proposal to encourage the establishment, enhancement, and expansion of national funds dedicated to victim compensation.

The cartoon concept strategy defines a visual tool for expressing problems related to daily life through cartoon characters that stimulate thinking and whose idea is based on discussion and conclusions or Correcting existing concepts through images based on representation or cartoon characters is one of the educational strategies that works to increase the motivation of kindergarten children. It is also considered a kind of luxury because of its great benefits in simplifying and consolidating information، developing creativity، trying to create a good discussion، and paving the way for educational conflict. Inspiring dialogue and encouraging participation. It encourages children to compare and contrast to search for evidence and justify their reasons for responding to cartoon characters in order to find an answer and participate in educational dialogue. All of these answers، whether correct or incorrect، are used as steps to reach a broader and more comprehensive understanding that is compatible with the child’s learning style.

The bee is considered an integral part of the ecosystem، and climatic characteristics significantly affect their health and breeding continuity. This article provides an overview of the impact of climatic characteristics on bees، focusing on the key factors that affect their health and productivity. It is evident that climatic characteristics such as solar radiation، temperature، relative humidity، rainfall، wind speed، and dust storms have a significant impact on bees، as they can lead to a negative effect on them. Understanding the impact of climatic characteristics on bees contributes to the development of more effective breeding strategies and sustainability، and contributes to preserving biodiversity and the overall health of ecosystems.

A linguistic problem among intermediate students is caused by: Some of it is related to the student, some is related to the teacher, and some is related to the methods he learned during the lesson, with distinctive signs of the most prominent interpretations in which the students make mistakes, and explanations are given to them for that linguistic interpretation, including: Prepared by language teachers Arabic in sufficient academic preparation, and the necessity of speaking the Arabic language in coordination with students, as well as giving the student a lot of linguistic exercises, using linguistic dictionaries, reading extensively in libraries, and urging them to learn the Arabic language.