AL-ADAB JOURNAL

The role of the father has always been that of the breadwinner of the family in most of the American novels. Little was mentioned about his involvement in his familial duties and his relationship with his children. This created a gap between the father and his children and turned him into a far-fetched person for them. Anne Tyler(1941-), a southern female writer presents a new image of fathers. She highlights the role of the father within the family and gives an insight to the way fathers think. This paper deals with Tyler\'s novel Saint Maybe (1991), exploring the character of Ian Bedloe, an unmarried person whose mistake leads him to lose his only brother, Danny. He suffers for his mistake and tries to make up for it by taking care of his brother\'s children offering a new image of fatherhood.

This study is primarily concerned with examining the speech acts and politeness strategies manifested in American presidential victory speech. The study aims at showing the applicability of both Searle's classification of speech acts and Leech's politeness maxims appeared in this genre by finding out the frequency and percentage of the two types. Then, analyzing the variation of these types among the selected samples. The research follows a mixed method of analysis as both qualitative and quantitative methods are used. It has been concluded that four forms of Searle's illocutionary acts have appeared in American presidential victory speech. These acts are assertives, expressives, directives and commissives, while declaration speech acts have never been used by the selected candidates. Regarding politeness theory, it has been found that approbation and agreement have the most frequent occurrence in this genre compared to the other maxims.

The two plays, No Exit and The Condemned of Altona, are works of modern French theater. The author presents the detainee’s suffering and his relationship with others within a specific reality and time circumstance. In the first chapter, we review the play of a closed session and the story of three criminal suspects living their fate after death in Hell in a strange and unimaginable atmosphere. As for the play the Condemned of Altona, the writer portrays the tragedy of a generation of young people after World War II as they live the tragedy of their actions that they took against humanity during the war. In the second chapter, we examine the study of the pre-detention period and the world of memories, in order to reach the reality of the events separating the detainee between his past and present, once with himself and the other with others. In the third chapter, we examine the detention between illusion and reality, and that the detainee in theater’s Sartre is nothing but confined to others' view of what he is doing and how voluntary detention will ultimately be the existential act. And how that encourages the individual to make conscious choice embodied in personal freedom to commit and acknowledge his actions to the end of his life.

Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar is considered one of the successful Turkish authors in the twentieth century. Undoubtfully, he left his own print during the age he lived in. He wrote several books in several literary fields like poetry, novel, short story, essay writing and analysis. Although he wrote so many literary works in several fields, we often know him as a poet. I decide to make my research paper deal with the concept of sadness and distress which is the main subject for our paper. It reflects the nature of Turkish society. The reason behind that is the condition of sadness and pains in the Turkish history. Turkish people suffered from persecution and pain from the beginning of their settlement in central Asia. This resulted in deep wounds. Accordingly, the poet made use of sadness and agonies in his literary texts. We can also notice that Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar is a poet and scholar in the history of literature. Hence, the poet who knows his history well, he will witness more sadness and distress. This will include, without any doubts, those two concepts intensively in his works. It is noteworthy that the poet introduced a few works in this field because of his accuracy in poetry. Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar is considered one of the pioneer figures in psychology. This is why we see that the poet deals with the concept of sadness and distress in a very wonderful way in his poems. This is clear in his writings about human psychology.

We can say that the literary criticism movement in Andalusia was an active movement whose body was represented by many personalities that had a resonance, starting with small scientific councils and ending with critical writings that occupied a clear space in the field of literary criticism, which was divided on two sides, the application side through books of explanations and biographies, and then the theorizing side of its extent The broad spectrum, beginning with books of literary anthologies in one aspect, then rhetoric, then books specialized in the field of criticism, and in terms of miracles, literary criticism in Andalusian has dealt with several critical trends that are compatible with the nature of the critic and his culture. These trends are a distinct monetary activity for the critics of Andalusia, from the basic purpose that Ibn Said pursued is his search for the features of quality and goodness, their causes and their potentials in literature, and in various times and places. And that it must be associated with good taste, especially with regard to what is preserved and recorded through selection and then filtering of what is collected before recording.

Perhaps the interest in the linguistic structure and the changes that affect it and the connotations it contains was not without us from tracking and observing the ancients such as Hebron, Sibawayh, Al-Farabi, Ibn Faris and Ibn Jinni. Perhaps the system of polarization in the single structure, and its transformation from one form to another by the way of derivation, and the issue of attaching the building in the meaning is evidence of evidence for Their effort and what they tried to memorize from the genius of the language and followed them on this disagreement of the ancient and modernists analyze, explain, compare and deduce.
Perhaps the formula (effective) is among the formulas that have not been devoted to research that collects the scattered issues in the stomachs of linguistic sources, which is what encouraged me to devote to this formula a study that collects its scattered kernels according to an approach that requires tracking the property of the building, i.e. what was said in its derivation, what this increase indicates and the meaning of exaggeration Its presence in nouns and adjectives and their use is a plural form and its connotations.
And the appearance of this combination in the Holy Qur’an and the meaning of exaggeration in it, the difference between it and the actions of dilution, and the disagreement in some terms between this weight and the weight of two actions, leading to the conclusion and the sources, I ask God to grant success in knowledge and action.

My desire directed to study inflection (Morphological) critics as extracted research. Because this level of linguistic research levels, it is interesting with utmost benefit, functional tasks were linked to build the word. They are interrelated, interconnected with topics of voice, grammar studies, attempting to arrive to perfect morphological textbook. It is close to mind of receipt, to present concepts, smooth structure theories to move acceleration of research progress
I have searched many of critic examples of verbs in SAHAH ALJAWAHERY with study, analysis and critic after classify them. And after start to state analysis of ALJAWAHERY critically for them, to elucidate articulation of its linguistic using and to state its correctness and mistake. To link that with meaning, motions of the verb which determine its weight and category and I divided the abstract as following: (Motion of AYEN of the verb in the past, Motion of AYEN of the verb in the present, the last reasoned part, Stripped and extra, Place invert)

It is one of the important textual criteria adopted by Abu Ala; As intertextuality had an effect on the recipient in creating a special atmosphere for the ends, Abu Ala 'used intertextuality, in its direct and indirect types, and religious intertextuality was the dominant one over the other types of intertextualities, especially with the Holy Quran.

That the king of Shalmaneser (Šulmanu-ašarid) I (1274-1245 BC.) leave to us about 48 cuneiform Texts through which we were able to review the very important details about his life and the most important architectural, political and military achievements, most of these texts are too long and may be its lines reach to (30-60 lines), it is preceded by an introduction and he repeated it in most of his texts, perhaps he took it from his father's texts, Therefore, many similarities between his texts and his father's texts appeared in it. As for the second parts of his texts, it is alone in some paragraphs which was his own without other kings, it was not mentioned with the previous or successor kings, he also relied in some of his paragraphs on describing military events in the form of story narratives.

The research deals with one of the royal personalities that had an important influence in the history of ancient Mesopotamia. This figure is represented by King Sen_kashd (Sin-kasid), who was headed as ruler of the ancient Babylonian era (2004_1595 BC) .in the city of Warka in particular and Mesopotamia in general, due to his political and urban achievements, his liberation of Warka comes from the control and influence of the king of the contemporary city of Larsa for Warka, and then his establishment of a ruling dynasty under his leadership to rule Warka independently starting from about 1860 BC.

The city of Al Dhaid, in the Emirate of Sharjah, has witnessed development in various aspects of life.
It has become a city full of architecture and services.
In this research, we will shed light on how the social conditions in the city of Al Dhaid have developed from 1971 to 2015 AD, so that it constituted a remarkable change in different aspects of life, as we studied the following topics:
In the first topic, "The social conditions of the individuals, the family and the tribe in the city of Al Dhaid, we explained the Badiah (the desert area) of Al Dhaid, its location, population and environment.
As for the second topic, we will discuss the customs, traditions and conventions of the city of Al Dhaid.
And finally, in the third topic we discussed the role of social services department in serving the city, and indicating the health and educational services.

The research aims to know the effect of different individuals' ability level on differential performance of Master Brian's nonverbal mental ability test consisting of (60) items distributed by ten paragraphs and on six components which are (1. Symmetry or symmetry 2. The matrix 3. Exclusion of the strange shape 4. Similarity) 5. The code symbols 6. The string or strings). The current research was limited to middle school students in Baghdad and for the morning study (2019-2020). To achieve the objectives of the research, the test was applied to a sample of (600) middle school students in Baghdad in a random, stratified manner, and then the assumptions of the response theory of the singular were verified (one-dimensional positional independence, the characteristic curve of the paragraph, the test is not a speed test). The results showed the following: Matching (55) items of the Master Brian test vocabulary for the two-parameter model. The results showed that 10.90% of items and that for individuals' sample as a whole and 18.18% for individuals with low ability and 16.36% for individuals with high ability with differential performance according to the single response theory and the two-parameter model. The absence of statistically significant differences in the percentage of items with differential performance according to the single response theory and the two-teacher model according to the ability level, where the comparison was made between the sample as a whole and the higher ability level and the lower ability level two by two. There are no statistically significant differences in the value of differential performance according to the singular response theory and the two-teacher model and its average level of ability.

This study aims at the measurement of the development of chronological cognition Children aged 7 to 11 years old. In Nasiriyah, the center of Dhi Qar governorate, for the year (2019-2020). The sample of the study included (150) children, by (75) male and (75) female. The researcher approved the test (DeNigris, 2017) and the theory model (McCormack, 2015) to measure temporal cognition in children. The results showed that children in the research community have a chronological awareness of a continuous evolutionary path through age advancing.

Scientific progress and evolution of technology made many things easier for people, but at the same time the pressures of life have increased, and the burdens on the individual have increased.
There are differences between individuals, each individual responds to situations and difficulties in a way differs from others, we may show positive behaviors in dealing with family difficulties and disputes.
Also, one may show negative behaviors to express anger or discomfort from what he is exposed to inflicting physical and moral damage to the dearest people on him, which can be his wife, children, sister or even his mother.
The current study highlights the concept of battered woman syndrome, which describes the psychological response of women who are abused and treated violently by men and is considered by some researchers as a type of behavior associated with PTSD
The current research goal is to:
1- Identify the prevalence of battered woman syndrome.
2- Identify battered woman syndrome in battered women.
After examining the data statistically using the T-test for one sample, Pearson correlation coefficient and other statistical methods, the researcher reached the following conclusions:
1- The prevalence of battered woman syndrome is 27.17% higher than in some other societies when compared to other studies.
2- The members of the sample were subjected to violence, which leads to their entry into the cycle of violence.
In light of these findings, the researcher presented a set of recommendations and proposals for future researches.

In general, subjective vitality can be described as an individual feeling of the inner energy that drives the individual towards life with vigor and activity, which is affected by physiological and psychological factors, and since the sixth preparatory students are living a reality full of new changes day after day, they are subjected to psychological pressures that cast its shadow over Their academic reality, so the researcher chose that his study sample be students of the sixth intermediate school. The study aimed to identify the extent of their possession of subjective vitality in the educational process, and the statistically significant differences in their subjective vitality according to the variable of sex (male-female) and specialization (scientific-literary). The researcher built a scale of subjective vitality based on the theory of Ryan Frederick (Ryan, & Frederick, 1997), to fit with the objectives of the research and his sample, and the paragraphs of the Self-Vitality Scale were in its final form (40) paragraphs distributed into four domains. In two methods, the two groups' extremist method, and the relationship of the paragraph to the total degree, and to verify the objectives of the research, (468) students from the sixth middle school were selected from Baghdad governorate, and after applying the statement The results showed the following:
1-The sixth preparatory students (males - females) have an intrinsic vitality.
2-There are no statistically significant differences in the subjective vitality of the sixth preparatory students according to the variable of sex, specialization, and the interaction between sex and specialization.
In light of the results of the research, the researcher puts forth a set of recommendations and proposals, some of which are for you Recommendations:
• The Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research should set plans with regard to lowering the high admission rates by expanding admissions, thus ensuring acceptance for students in the colleges they want in addition to not resorting to private colleges.

This research aims at:
1. Building a program to develop positive thinking skills for literary fifth graders.
2. Know the effectiveness of the proposed program for positive thinking skills and their relationship to development of literary awareness.
To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher developed an educational program include educational objectives, content and teaching methods, activities appropriate accompaniment and teaching aids for the program implementation. The researcher check validity by presenting it to the group of arbitrators and experts.
To find out the effectiveness of the proposed program the researcher depends an experimental design with tuning part, which is the design of the control group with the before and after test.
The Researcher select a sample consist of (60) students from fifth grade literature in Al- Rafidain and Al-Nahrawan schools for Boys, the researcher taught the proposed program to the sample by himself, and prepare two tests the first used to measure positive thinking skills and their relationship to reading comprehension included 24 items distributed on the major and minor skills in the search.
The experiment lasted an entire semester, and after analyzing the data using a t-test for two independent samples and interrelated the study finding out the following results:
First: there is statistically significant difference between the average grade's students in the two sets of research reading comprehension in post-test, for the experimental group at the level of significance (0.001).
Second: There is a statistically significant difference between the average scores of students of the experimental group that are taught according to the proposed program and the average scores of students of the control group that are taught according to the traditional method of post-test for literary awareness, and in favor of the experimental group at the level of significance (0.001).
Third: There is a statistically significant difference between the average of students' scores in the reading comprehension test, and in favor of the experimental group (post) at the significance level (0.001).
In light of the research results, the researcher concluded a number of conclusions, including:
1. The proposed program has proven effective in reading comprehension for fifth-grade literary students. Therefore, learning positive thinking skills is not an inherited talent or an innate queen. All individuals can possess positive thinking skills if the capabilities and the appropriate programs for training on them are available.
2. Training procedures, including teacher modeling and learner practice, have helped students in the practical application of each skill better, giving students a great deal of responsibility for their learning process, giving them confidence in themselves, and making them more positive in educational situations.
The researcher suggested conducting a number of studies to complement this study, including:
1. Building a suggested program for developing positive thinking skills in other studying stages (elementary, middle and university levels).
2. Evaluating the levels of students of the different educational levels in positive thinking skills.

Studying the mechanisms of selecting the perfect sites for water harvesting is of great importance for the area in which the basin of Wadi Kayfa is located, as it is located within the borders of the Iraqi Jazeera Badiat Al Jazeera-the desert along the northern side of the Euphrates- and its climatic conditions characterized by aridity. The study is based on the American soil hypothesis (SCS-CN) to estimate the volume of surface flow by adopting a set of variables represented by Land cover sorts and hydrological soil types and dealing with them using ArcGIS 10.4.1 and 9.2 Erdas Imagine. The (CN) values showed that there are (6) values for the Wadi Kaifa basin, which ranged between (77 - 91), and the most prevalent one was the value (90) because it occupies a percentage of (59.9%), wears the value (86) has the least prevalence to occupy just (0.6%) of the basin area. Concerning the annual surface flow (QV), it recorded values ranging between (181400-21150800 m3), and then arriving at the suggestion of four perfect sites for the construction of dams for watersheds based on the topography of the area and the results of the (SCS-CN) method.

This research aims to estimate the quantitative relationship between the elements of the climate in Baghdad and the amount of electricity consumption in Baghdad for(2006-2017), and the climatic elements were statistically tested for the purpose of tracking what the change of any element of the climate can cause in the consumption of electric power, so the element of solar radiation, temperature, wind, rain, dust storms and analysis of the quantitative relations between them using the Pearson correlation coefficient and draw conclusions.

The study dealt with climatic changes of the temperature component and its impact on the productivity of the tomato crop in Anbar Governorate. The study focused on a very important problem facing the agricultural sector, which is (climate change), which represents the most important factor in agricultural production, as the exacerbation of this problem contributed to the shortening of the period of crop growth and productivity Because the rise in temperatures above 48 ° C contributes to the cessation of the physiological processes of the crop, as the rate of evaporation / transpiration increases, and consequently the production processes stop, and then the death of the seedlings, and then the plant withering and then its death gradually and rapidly
The study found: -
- The annual rates of change in the normal temperatures of the stations of the study area reached the highest amount of change in Al-Rutba station by (1.42) and the lowest rate of change was recorded in Al-Ramadi station by (1.15).
- The rate of change of yield per dunum of tomato yield reached in Anah district (1.04) tons per dunum, in the districts of Hadith and Al-Qaim (1.14) tons per dunum, in Heet district (1.1) tons per dunum, and in Ramadi district (1.08) tons per dunum.

The study is about the issue of climate volatility and its effect on the anomalies of some climatic elements in the undulating region of Iraq. Five stations were chosen representing the undulating region (Sinjar, Mosul, Kirkuk, Tuz, Khanaqin). The study also touched on the concept of climate volatility, and the difference ratio equation was used to extract the volatility values of climatic elements, and it was concluded through this that there is a volatility in climatic elements in the study area where the highest volatility of solar radiation was recorded at the Khanaqin station. It reached (4.1 mW / cm2 / day), as for temperature volatility, the Toz station recorded the highest rate of volatility, reaching (4.7) degrees Celsius, as for the fluctuation of rain, the Sinjar station recorded the highest fluctuation, which reached (41.7 mm) due to the influence of the dynamic factors as well as the height factor.

This paper entitled Being and Corona: Contemporary Philosophy in the Face of the Unexpected seeks to present a new vision for the act of philosophical thought, after the Corona event, with which we are facing a new stage of challenges that require the discovery of new mechanisms that stimulate the act of thought to create new frameworks for thinking in environments of the unexpected. Ancient philosophy plunges into the depths of being in order to search for an origin, principle, or goal for beings and events in the context of the cosmos, and through the web of spider metaphysics that absorbs its vitality and makes it outside the stream of time and history by establishing a preconceived plan for play, but contemporary philosophy today does not develop plans and preconceptions. For events, but leave those plans to the circumstances in a timely manner that will determine the quality of the appropriate concept for his creativity, due to the randomness of the current reality, which is characterized as far from balance, that is, it is a chaotic environment nonlinear.

Hassan Hanafi was influenced by Western philosophers, especially Espinosa, Feuerbach and Husserl, by adopting their ideas and methods and applying them to the religious phenomenon. Referring to the original texts instead of taking the authority of the clergy to reveal the relationship between theology and politics. And then Feuerbach’s materialism, whose centrality revolves around the attempt to humanize religion and to eliminate the idealistic and contemplative philosophies on which religion depends and its call to eliminate human alienation through the return of the individual to his human qualities that he attributed to God and thus his independence of mind and will, “The future has no religion.

From the emergence of sociology to the contemporary period, social theory has been subjected to conflict and an intellectual crisis within the field of social research; this led to the emergence of a group of thinkers who sought to arrive at an approach to keep pace with the changes and changes taking place in social reality. Max Weber (1864-1920 AD) is one of the most important Tibetans who dealt with sociology. In his study of sociology, Weber discussed several categories that helped define the features of social theory through which he sought to build an ideal model that serves the phenomenon or cause to be discussed. Among the most important of these sayings: understanding, meaning, causal interpretation, social action, ideal model, and finally social relationships.

Efforts to study the repercussions and social cost of the occupation of Mosul were incidental or secondary efforts compared to the efforts to study those conflicts and conflicts and their manifold and manifold themes. Most studies and research were preoccupied with the search for the causes and motives for the outbreak of that war. And its political, military, and international consequences, but we can hardly see a few in its study - the war against ISIS - in terms of the extent of the losses and effects it causes on the lives of citizens and subjects within society - its social cost - the military cost of crises and wars is often foreseeable and calculable. Its social cost is unforeseen. The importance of this study lies in what one cannot talk about the events experienced by the Iraqi society after the year 2014 And the horrific events that happened in it - beginning with the occupation of the city of Mosul - and what happened to the Iraqis and their extreme human suffering without evoking the images of death, violence, destruction, and the threats left by the terrorist gangs of ISIS that brought the country to its level of confusion, crises, and divisions, And cracks in addition to the state of weakness and weakness that ISIS exploited, to advance and rush in its attacks to seize more areas after its occupation of the province of Mosul and use it as a base and base for declaring its so-called state, and then expanded towards occupying other areas of Iraq until it reached what it seized about a third of the Iraqi territory, And the devastation that followed

In this research a comparison between single and sequential S.P are performed. A special inspection cost model is built to compare between the two kinds of sampling, this model show that the sequential S. P is superior to the single S. P. All the notations needed for this purpose are explained.

The research dealt with the genetic structure or the genetic fingerprint: that is, the identity of each particular individual, as it is a method characterized by accuracy to facilitate the task of forensic medicine to know and verify the personality to be known and to know its genetic characteristics by taking it from any cell of blood, saliva, semen, urine, or other Forensic medicine has an important role in this aspect, and with all the terrible scientific progress in all areas of the universe, mankind and life, but there was no contradiction between the words of God fixed in the Qur’an and the purified Sunnah and any established scientific rule and truth. Rather, the Qur’an touched upon a set of scientific facts discovered by modern science After a few years, he found it very accurate, both in terms of the stages of embryos and how they were created Or in the fields of the creation of the universe, its origin, its basic elements, and so on, and this indicates something that indicates the existence of the greatness of the Creator, the truthfulness of the Muhammadan message, its validity for every time and place, its comprehensiveness and its ability to survive and continue and keep pace with the times, regardless of development and progress.
Therefore, the genetic structure in contemporary Islamic jurisprudence represents the major role in establishing or denying crimes and attributing it, as well as the areas of its uses, including those of unknown lineage and the foundling, preventing access to curse and in the case of low suspicion, the exchange of births in hospitals, and other matters of great importance in the folds of this research and not the informant as the meanings.

The sequential developments in internet web contributed in creating this new form of media, The denotations and classifications of this new form of media increased for those who are concerned and experts in media; they called it several names: New Media, the alternative Media which comprises the hypothetical social webs, blogs, electronic forums, in addition to multiple types and forms, all this met by an increasing demand by the internet browsers worldwide. Some see it as an important means for engendering (bringing) human development within societies, a means for societal collaboration, approximating the notions and visions with the other, acknowledging the diverse cultures of other peoples, not to mention its effective and distinguished role as a successful communication means in the mass uprising and revolts.
Hereby, emerges the significance of the relationship of the electronic interaction or interplay with the societal activities which comes to be considered as an imperative necessity for the youth generation in particular, since it is regarded as one of the youth collaborations sources and their participation in various societal and cultural fields. In fact, the societal collaboration is impossible without the youth’s contribution in it. In this respect, it is to be noted that the studies and field researches that are specialized in media gave a significant priority for the youth society in terms of its being a new society that owns its distinctive peculiarity. And hence came the need for the study of the nature and orientations of the youth towards the alternative media and more specifically, the internet webs and the social webs (Facebook).
More importantly, the emergence of the social communication webs represented revolutionary conquest that led the media to move to unprecedented horizons and granted its users grand opportunities for influencing and moving beyond borders without limits and censorship, however with consideration for some relatively limits.
Hence, this study aimed to bring to light the reality of the role that the alternative media plays in the treatment of the Iraqi society issues with a special and deliberate focus on the societal communication sites (Facebook) for its enormous and remarkable popularity on the global, Arabic and local level, And also because most of the vast majority of its users belong to the category age of the youth (who are the essential component of any societal and collaborative work), the researcher attempted to shed the lights on that serious role.

The process of making journalistic texts recently take the interest of the researchers that specialized in studying media speech and know how to build journalistic texts and what they carry of linguistic inferences within the text and the inferences related to the external contexts in which they produced in .Thus the researchers study the texts according to the course of critical analysis of the speech and circulated analysis of the speech that concern in study the used language ,what follow that by expose the acts of speech ,its intentions by the inferences of the appeared meanings and their communicative contexts .
This research objective is briefed in learn the circulation use in building journal article and the process of producing the speech reaching to analyses the deep building of the intended meaning, learn the role that the context performs in knowing the speaker intentions and objectives through the acts in certain contexts and in social and cultural and political conditions that have strong connection with the conditions of the speech production.
The researcher depends on the circulation theory by Austen and Seral (The Speech Act) in order to reach how to build the texts.

Singing is one of the prominent artistic features in Iraq, and the city of Baghdad in particular, in which many colors and singing experiences have emerged and crystallized in different periods of time, especially the seventies of the twentieth century, being an important and distinctive era in the Iraqi song’s march in which it reached the height of melodic and performance formulation. The hand of a distinctive constellation of composers, including the artist (Talib Al-Qargholi), Which is considered one of the most prominent contributors to the development of the song and the enrichment of its artistic career, and despite the importance of his works, they did not study a specialized scientific study, and this research is concerned with studying it by revealing the characteristics of the lyrical melodies of this artist. The importance of research is highlighted by the new knowledge it adds, shedding light on the career of a distinguished artist and the characteristics of his lyrical music, as well as providing new information and opinions as a new source added to the Arab library in general and the Iraqi library in particular.
The research reviewed the Iraqi song and its stages of development in the twentieth century. It also talked about the life of the artist Talib Al-Qargholi and his role in the Iraqi song. The research examined samples chosen in a random manner that represented the community represented by the songs composed by the artist Talib Al-Qargholi, by analyzing them with a standard designed for this purpose, to come to a set of results and conclusions, the most prominent of which is the diversity in the Maqam scales that he uses, especially the common ones in Arab and Iraqi music and singing, with Moving to other nearby stairs, of a purely local character, which indicates the expansion of the Maqamid diversity, as well as the distinctive melodic density of his works.

It is natural that after global convergence and the exchange of information and communication, the demand to translate ideas from one language to another will be greater and unprecedented, especially with regard to the work of international companies and governments, due to the essential role of translation.
We have learned about events in human history that led to an incorrect translation severing relations between countries, and in this case; The translation was not just a process of translating words, but rather transformed into a change in meaning and intent.
In recent years, the importance of machine translation has increased and its role expanded with the development of communication tools, as various institutions have realized the importance of communicating with people around the world through this type of translation, including international news sites.
International news sites, including Farsi-speaking, included automatic translation services from Persian to Arabic in their news, and despite the development of this type of translation, it was not without errors that required identifying and criticizing it in terms of translational criticism.
Given the increasing importance of translation criticism in the field of Persian and Arabic studies and the lack of topics that address this issue in study and application, we have assumed the responsibility of criticizing the automatic translation of news in Persian news sites according to specific criteria.
Therefore, in our research, we selected models of machine-translated news whose translation does not match the original text, and we performed translation criticism with analysis on them.

In this research٫the Researcher studied the legal words in the legal documents and then studied the statement of the relationship between these words According to the theories. Also ٫the researcher uses the Descriptive analytical method for these terminologies found in the legal Iranian documents. The goal of this study to aim the meaning of a lot of special terminologies that would help the translator during the work.