AL-MUBEEN

The pragmatics of communication witch is a branch of literary criticism is specialize in studying of intended meaning in the field of speaking uses communicational process of the speaker and his purpose of discourse which is the essence of communicational process.
The discourse in the pragmatic sense is an act of achievement and linguistic work with process of construction and acceptance.
The intention of discourse is formed only in fundamental elements that are formed inside human mind and thoughts to make the speech rich with meaning which are formed with coherent layout without prolongation and infinite.
The imperative formula is considered one of the form of discourse which is providing it by net of symbolic connection.
It is not merely verbal function is intended by writer to connect and report the object but it goes beyond that to form verbal formulation intended and conscious to chive communication by reveling, which is touch the meaning and purposes them to form communication speech. This is what the covenant of Imam Ali ( peace be upon him) contain as rhetorical, writing and apostolic massage with homogenous knowledge and knowledge process.
It is based on communication equation according to the production of writing should be equals to production of rhetoric.
This study attempt to detecting pragmatic communication in the imperative formula, clarifying it`s meaning and revealing.

Convenant of Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him) to his alderman of Egypt the companion Malik bin Al-Harith Al-Nakhai is consider one of the most prominent Islamic text for, It`s comprehensiveness, increasing and containment of multiple uses which is treat various requirements of human life, it is also deal with different intellectual aspect.
The great Alawi thought is reflected in establishing an integrated theory of state building as well as, theory of governance, orginzation of constitution of intellectual reference.
This study attempt to deconstruct the text of convenant and try to understand them in accordance with the date of (argumentation theory of Pereleman) which sought to drive Al-Hajaj from logical rigor to open mental dialogue based on means of persuasion.
The persuasion of Pereleman is intended to the act convicition not convineigly. Because he believes that the convicition is comprehensive and permanent either, persuasion is individual and temporal, therefore the research aim to employ the legacies of Al-Hajaj at Pereleman theory, namely, the fact, assumption values, etiquettes, and meaning which is applied on the text of covenant and then moving to disclouse of Al-Hajaj technigues which are mentioned by Pereleman and how can be applied to the text of covenant.

Imam Ali (peace be upon him) make sure in his covenant to Malik Bin Al-Ashtar Al-Nakhai (may Allah pleased him) a set of laws and rules which is used by government to governing and administering the state affairs of citizens . The covenant also stressed on the rule of justice , establishment of equality justice among citizens , preservation of human dignity and rights avoid greed , love of lusts , commitment to mention good speech and not to injustice others . And others human meaning which are contained in the letter to be the constitution of mature and complete rule in Egypt .
All this was done between Imam Ali (peace be upon him) and Malik Ibn Al-Ashtar through the language which is in essence consider as means of organizing human societies. It's also considered as a means of communication as , the term of communication occupies a central position in research and studies in several field.
One of this topics that pragmatic research has given the most importance in order to reach it's nature . It may be a vague term for its overlap with other terms such as connecting , receipt, communication and announcement , ete.. for this covenant has contained a lot of communication to contain the manifestion of communication and it's means. The covenant was chosen as the communication between three main pillars : the sender Imam Ali (peace be upon him), the recipient, the citizens and the mediator , Malik Bin Al-Ashtar.

The principle of politeness is one of the modern linguistic principles which is used after cooperation principle establish by Grace. This research depend on the definition of this principle, attempt to find it`s roots in the Holly Quran and speech of Prophet Muhammad (may Allah prays on him and his pure family) and in the Arabic linguistic heritage to provide it.
This research reveals some of the modernist studies that can emerge this principle from it. Before the obligation of dialogue or conversations which is created it`s featured by Grace.
It`s also show the effort of Arabic linguistic, those who are eloquent in this principle.
The search discour it`s presence in the Arabic rhetorical heritage.
After that, the research deals with stage of development by modernist and what is criticed during it`s stage. The research began by shows Grac`s stage (principle of cooperation), then Lycoff stage (principle of politeness ), after that Lench (principle of unlimited politeness) and Brown Wolfenson(principle of confrontation) finally, Taha Abd Rahman who called it`s principle ( principle of honesty or confirmation) which is extracting it`s concept from the Islamic heritage, where he deals with two part: The rhetorical and the rectification aspect.
Then he conclude the research by making an applied study on phrases at Imam Ali Bin Abi Talib covenant (peace be upon him) to Al-Ashtar ( may Allah pleased him) which can be attributed to the politeness principle to tray discuses it according to the pragmatic principle.

The public as a center in Imam Ali's covenant represents an area which is not limited to the type of speech but it is a space in which all the views work to produce a type of politics that feels the human identity in life. So it is not a reading from one side and it is not an identical reading with that of the public in their relationship with the governor or among themselves. This centralization is a multifaceted space in which there are many meanings, different standings in which the link between the governor and his people goes on in a process of development and products that leads to behavioural and cultural changes in society. This is what Imam Ali (peace be upon him) wants to practice when he delivers Malik Al-Ashtar (may Allah be pleased with him) in a way in which he intends to dig deeper in the bases of the society which has many levels each has its uniqueness and at the same time each one represents a duality with the governor in which the latter is a conscious power who does not intend to divest the public from its existence and rights but it is a tool to discover the hopes and willingness of each level of the public. This does not mean stopping at this level but it goes further from questioning to the strategies of sharing the ruling between the governor and the public. From this perspective the present study tries to approach this centralization in the speech of Imam Ali ( peace be upon him) with the public through his covenant to Malik. A precise analysis of the words in this covenant in comparison with his other speeches reveals a unique and special inclination to work on the public in this covenant more than other speeches. No other speeches of him dig deeper into the levels of the public and it can be said that this covenant becomes a logical document of how to establish the relationship between the governor and the public. Generally, the public is the aim of Imam Ali(peace be upon him) beyond the ideologies and other things deal with the characteristics of the society. So the aim is to invent a new perspective able to convoy the events by the governor in which it becomes an effective way in discovering the society and knowing the secrets of how to rule it.
This is the aim of the present study which is composed of an introduction and two sections followed by the footnotes, conscious and bibliography.

After the emergence of the concept of discourse and its prospects are enlarged, it becomes evident that there is a need for a method which aims at exploring its embedded elements which are spread over the life besides those clear elements through the text. Here lies the difference between the text and the discourse. The method which pays attention to the latter is called discourse analysis. Besides this wide vision to the discourse, there's another one which looks to the aspects of politics and society and how do people refer to their intents through their speech. This is what is called the critical method for analyzing the discourse which starts from diagnosing the defects in the discourse and trying to deal with such defects through criticizing the discourse.
Because Imam Ali's (peace be upon him) Covenant is considered a political and social one characterized as a global and ideological covenant which has an influential power and authority on the Islamic world. All these make that covenant the aim of the present study.
The first section of the present study aims at analyzing the basics of the critical analytic method of the discourse.
The second part sheds light on types of discourse and it concludes that there are many different types of discourse such as, the political, social, economical, and judicial. Then how these types are composed which is discussed in the third section.
The fourth section sheds light on the intents of the covenant through analyzing the authority, magistracy, domination and ideologies which are mentioned widely in the covenant.

It is known that for each literary text or discourse there must be a contextual, basic referential belonging. Because of that we cannot comprehend the text or discourse unless we have an idea about the contextual, basic referential belonging. In 1976,Halliday and Ruqya Hasan discussed in their book «the consistency in English» the referential belonging. They believe that the place belonging shares in building the text because it links the language with the place. While the content belonging works with the consistency of the text.
The referential belonging refers to the content ability to link the interlocutor, the speaker and the listener, with something in the real world. This is called «the referential» by the modernists, while linguists called it «reference» in old studies. Therefore, each simple word has the following characteristics: its pronunciation, denotation, and reference. The reference is that part of the world to which all the signs or symbols are referenced. It is worth mentioning that these signs are parts of the world and the process of communication may reference to another way of communication which is its reference. The reference can be divided into two parts: content reference which refers to a preceding or a following element inside the text. The second part is the standing reference which refers to an element outside the text. What is worthing in the present study is the reference outside the text which enable us to comprehend Imam Ali's (peace be upon him) Covenant when we refer to its personal, temporal, spatial, social, and economical referent. Many of these references are mentioned in Imam Ali's (peace be upon him) Covenant to Malik and it is classified into:
First, exterior references in its political dimension.
Second, exterior references in its economical dimension.
Third, exterior references in its social dimension.

Imam Ali (peace be upon him) uses a special strategies for composing his speech aimed to special recipient, Malik Al-Ashtar, through a narrow speech or to the public recipient through an abroad speech. One of these strategies is the Nested Speech which is composed by using many techniques aims at employing the cultural knowledge, previous speeches and recompose it in present speech (The era of Malik Al-Ashtar). This process produces a nested speech which has a very big role in convincing the Muslim recipients in a very good way and especially those who believe in the prince of believers(Imam Ali).
The present study consists of two sections. The first entitled «the theoretical scope in the study and its method» aims at studying the theoretical background of the key words of the study and the method it follows in the present study. So it is divided into two parts, the first entitled «the discourse, strategy, nested discourse: concept and consequences», the other part entitled «the followed approach: techniques and consequences», which is a suggested approach followed by the present study. The second section is the main section which is entitled ‘procedures- strategies of the nested speech with the Qur'anic discourse' in which the strategies of rumination and absorption are investigated.