Kirkuk Journal of Science

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is accepted as a risk factor for diabetes mellitus, and it is closely related to symptoms such as insulin resistance (IR) and obesity. The study aimed to compare the levels of pro-inflammatory markers Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and Interleukin-10 (IL-10), as well as C-reactive protein (CRP), in Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients and controls. The association between these genotypes and Body Mass Index (BMI), insulin resistance measurements, and lipid profiles was investigated. In addition, gene polymorphisms will be determined in both groups. The study included 60 subjects divided into two groups. For the patients with PCOS and healthy control groups, the biochemical parameters were measured by the auto analyser, and hormonal, pro-inflammatory parameters were measured using the ELISA method. Serum levels of two groups, TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP, increase significantly. TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP have respective AUC values of 0.763, 0.999, and 1. The AUC value is statistically significant at a 95% confidence level when the p-value for each of the three parameters is less than 0.001. The optimal cut-off values for TNF-α (4.11 pg/ml), IL-6 (2.35 pg/ml), and CRP (1.96mg/l) are determined with a sensitivity of 0.997 and a specificity of 1.00. The total number of biomarkers and these cytokines are significantly correlated. The study concluded that women with PCOS exhibit significantly elevated levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in comparison to the control group. The IL-6 (-174G/C) polymorphism is associated with PCOS and particular metabolic disorders of the syndrome.

In this paper we offer a new distribution due to the most common problem for researchers is to determine a statistical model for analyzing lifetime data. There are many ways to add a scaling parameter or a shape parameter by generalizing the distributions. So statistical model called the Generalized Rayleigh Exponential Distribution (OGRE) is presented. Some different properties of this distribution including moments, moment generating function, hazard function, survival function, ordered statistics and piecewise function are studied. Maximum likelihood estimators are used to estimate the parameters. In addition, the practical significance of )OGRE( is demonstrated by two real data sets and the results are compared with a set of other related distributions. simulation is also performed

The medium-lived radionuclide Gallium-66 (T1/2 = 9.5 hours, β+ = 56% and ε = 45%) plays a crucial role in positron emission tomography (PET). This study presents a comprehensive analysis of twelve distinct nuclear reaction pathways for 66Ga production, examining proton, helium-3, and alpha particle bombardment on copper and zinc targets. Cross sections were calculated using the TALYS 1.9 nuclear reaction simulation code for reactions including 66Zn(p, n)66Ga, 67Zn(p, 2n)66Ga, 68Zn(p,3n)66Ga, natZn(p, x)66Ga, 65Cu(3He,2n)66Ga, natCu(3He, x)66Ga, 66Zn(3He, x)66Ga, natZn(3He, x)66Ga, 63Cu(a, n)66Ga, 65Cu(a, 3n)66Ga, natCu(a, x)66Ga and 64Zn(a, x)66Ga. The investigation encompassed both natural and enriched isotope targets (63Cu, 65Cu, natCu, 64Zn, 66Zn, 67Zn, 68Zn, and natZn), with theoretical calculations validated against experimental data from the EXFOR library. Notably, the 66Zn(p,n)66Ga and 64Zn(a,x)66Ga reactions demonstrated exceptional efficiency, achieving peak cross sections of 400-440 mb and 600-640 mb respectively. For each reaction pathway, optimal energy ranges, threshold energies, and Q-values were determined, providing essential parameters to optimize 66Ga production in medical applications.

Shell model calculations have been used to study the Coulomb C2, C4, and transverse E3, E5, and E7 form factors, including core-polarization effects in the 2+, 3-, 4+, 5- and 7- states of 29Mo. The computations were done using the two-body effective interaction n50j with the model space n50j. The Coulomb Valence Tassie Model (CVTM), which takes into consideration excitations outside of the model space, was used to assess core-polarization effects. The Skyrme potential was used to calculate the wave functions of the radial single-particle matrix elements, which gave a realistic description of nuclear interactions. Core-polarization effects are crucial for effectively improving the form factor calculations because they greatly increase agreement with the available experimental data.

Metabolic syndrome is intricately associated with diabetes and obesity. Elevated obesity fosters inflammation and oxidative stress, which are precursors to several problems, including elements of metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and hyper lipidaemia. This study aims to show that the GSK3β and Arrestin beta 1 serve as effective biomarkers for predicting metabolic disorders Such as diabetes and obesity, which leads to increased oxidative stress that enhances inflammatory reactions, and this contributes to obesity and type 2 diabetes. The research was performed at Yarmouk Teaching Hospital. Out of 180 collected samples, only 135 were measured. The patients were categorized into three groups. The biomarkers Arrestien Beta 1 and GSK3β were measured by ELISA technology, the lipid profile, FBS, and total protein were assessed using a spectrophotometer. Arrestin Beta 1 and GSK3β in the serum showed a significant increase in type 2 diabetic patients with obesity compared to the group of metabolic disorders. The atherosclerosis index (AIP) was measured using a logarithm TG/HDL-cholesterol. conclude from this study the GSK3β and Arrestin beta1 serve as effective biomarkers for predicting metabolic disorders based on the results obtained Which leads to increased production of free radicals in the body, causing diabetes, which may lead to the accumulation of glucose in the blood, which increases levels of oxidative stress. This condition leads to increased production of free radicals and reactive molecules that contribute to the activation of NF-κB inflammatory pathways, which in turn affects the metabolic balance in the body.