URUK FOR HUMANITIES

This research deals with the study of the standard and auditory sources in the book (Sharh Al-Hidayah) by Al-Mahdawi (d. 440 AH), which represents a broad text for linguistic studies in general, and morphological studies in particular; because this book has rich texts that enrich and saturate the study with many examples, and this is what made the researcher undertake to delve into studying the texts of this book, according to the rules of Arabic morphology, so the choice fell - in this research - on the structures of the sources, and their morphological direction; to understand the structure of the Arabic word and the nature of its parts, so the research came on two axes, the researcher dealt with the study of the standard sources, in the first axis, and the auditory sources in the second axis.

The present topic matter is considered one of the important studies as it identifies the foreign military bases established in Djibouti and the extent of the impact of Djibouti's geographical location on their presence. It also explains the objectives of these bases, identifies the geopolitical repercussions they imposed on Djibouti at the internal and external levels, and sets a set of their future developments.
Djibouti enjoys geopolitical importance due to its important strategic location along the cost of the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden and the Bab al-Mandab Strait, which made it the focus of attention of the great powers. It is the first French base that existed since the occupation period, and its importance came after 2001. In the same year, the United States opened a military base there, and after that, other countries opened military bases such as Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain and the latest of which was the Chinese base in 2017. These bases took the fight against terrorism as a pretext for their existence, but they have economic, military and security goals. They are also intelligence and espionage sites for African countries in general and Djibouti in particular, in addition to monitoring international navigation. International powers compete with each other according to what their interests require, and they may turn at any moment into a state of conflict making Djibouti an arena for settling scores. Among its positive aspects is that it constitutes revenues for Djibouti and constitutes a type of protection in the event of an external or internal threat. On the other hand, it has negative aspects among which is that it is a source of terrorist attacks and causes a state of chaos and espionage and affects the sovereignty of Djibouti and its security.
The study included four chapters preceded by an introduction. The first chapter focused on studying the natural and human geographical characteristics of Djibouti that affect the presence of foreign military bases in it, while the second chapter was concerned with researching the most important economic and political components of the state of Djibouti. The third chapter reviewed a geographical analysis of foreign military bases in Djibouti and the goals and motives for establishing them. The fourth chapter specifies and highlights the most important repercussions resulting from the presence of foreign military bases in the study area and its geographical vicinity as well as the future of these bases. The study concluded with a set of results and recommendations, in addition to a list of references.
One of the most important conclusions reached by the study is that the Djiboutian government exploited its location overlooking on the Red Sea and began to trade in foreign military bases, and that the bases constituted a form of occupation that countries brought in another form. On another level, foreign military bases have economic goals, which are to find markets for their products and search for natural resources in the countries of the Horn of Africa in particular and the African continent in general. The bases constituted a form of income, and Djibouti benefits from about 161 million dollars annually. Among the risks caused by the bases is Djibouti’s exposure to terrorist attacks, and that these risks are not only at the internal level of Djibouti, but also the Horn of Africa region.

The research aims to shed light on the reality of school dropout in Iraq at its educational stages (primary, secondary, vocational) between the academic year (2003-2004) to (2020-2021) and to know the percentage of dropouts compared to the number of students and pupils, as the number of dropouts in Iraq during the academic year (2020-2021) reached (232452) dropouts, of whom (150871) dropouts in the primary stage and (79923) dropouts in the secondary stage, in addition to (1658) dropouts in the vocational stage, and the research included a set of results and proposals, the most prominent of which are the increase in the number of dropouts in the country from (193550) dropouts during the academic year (2003-2004) to ((232452 dropouts during the academic year (2020-2021), and the increase in the number of students and pupils who dropped out in the primary and secondary stages and the decrease in their number in the vocational stage between the academic year (2003-2004, 2020-2021), in addition to Baghdad Governorate occupying the first place in school dropouts at all educational levels. The most important proposals are to work on reducing the percentage of school dropouts by raising awareness in society about the seriousness of this phenomenon through all media and through field trips to all regions of the country, in addition to financial support by continuing to provide financial grants to students and pupils and not cutting them off, as they have an impact on reducing school dropouts.

This study aims to identify the phenomenon of urban deterioration of heritage housing units in the study area and diagnose the most significant and evident causes. Heritage homes suffer from continuous deterioration, which poses a significant risk that neither the residents nor the concerned authorities have fully realized. Thus, this study came to understand the reality of urban housing deterioration in the Abbasiyah District (Eastern and Western) as a case study. It seeks to interpret and analyze the main reasons behind the decay of its residential neighborhoods using advanced statistical methods to find relationships and correlations between research variables. These are then represented on maps that depict the factors contributing to the deterioration of the housing in the Abbasiyah District. Finally, a set of strategies and solutions are proposed to revive these housing units and preserve their architectural heritage from various forms of decay.

The book “The Moroccan Statement” by Ibn Adhari al-Marrakshi is one of the most important historical sources that dealt with the history of Morocco and Andalusia in the Middle Ages. In the part that deals with social life in the city of Seville, Ibn Adhari presents an accurate picture of daily life in the city during the period of Islamic rule.
Seville is one of the major Andalusian cities that has witnessed great economic, cultural and social prosperity. Social life there was diverse and complex, influenced by a diverse population that included Arabs, Berbers, Mozarabs (Christians who lived under Islamic rule), and Jews. This cultural mixture added a unique character to social life.
Social life in Seville is characterized by diversity in social classes, where there are upper classes consisting of scholars, merchants, and notables, and lower classes that include peasants and artisans. There was also significant social interaction among residents through markets and religious and cultural events.
In addition, Ibn Adhari was interested in describing social institutions such as mosques, schools, and libraries, which were the center of science, learning, and social interaction.

The study area is located in southwest Iraq, within the administrative borders of Al-Salman District, affiliated to Al-Muthanna Governorate in its southern part, and is located between latitudes (30° 40- - 30° 00-) north, and longitudes (44° 55- - 44° 20-) east, and the total area of the study area is (4340.99) km2. This research followed the analytical and descriptive approaches, as the area was visited twice and 42 soil samples were taken at different depths. Through the research, it was found that there is a variation in the chemical properties of the soils. It was found that the soils with the lowest content of organic matter (0.35 -0.02%) constituted the largest percentage, amounting to 62.5% of the studied soils, and it became clear that 50% of the soils fall within the category of temperate basic soils. Calcium ions were characterized by generally high concentrations because the study area is located within the dry climate zone characterized by low rainfall.

The Tsarist Russian Empire adopted several policies that it had previously pursued during its conflict with the Persian and Ottoman empires, as the Russians adopted an expansionist policy in its regional surroundings, including the South Caucasus region. Therefore, the Russians began implementing a demographic strategic plan to transfer Christian Russian Armenians to the South Caucasus and expel nationalities of Turkish origin, including the Azerbaijanis. The research revolves around a fundamental issue, which is the core of the conflict, which is the issue of the Nagorno-Karabakh region disputed by Armenia and Azerbaijan, in addition to analyzing the political
developments and geopolitical transformations in the South Caucasus region and its regional surroundings, and the results of these developments, the most prominent of which was the emergence of several wars between them, most notably the 1992 war and the 2020 war, which changed many concepts about the nature of modern wars and turned the balance of power in favor of Azerbaijan, which subsequently regained all the territories occupied by Armenia during the war of the nineties of the twentieth century.

This research dealt with climatic elements and their impact on crime in Al-Muthanna Governorate for the years (2022, 2023), as climatic elements and their relationship to bioclimatic comfort in the study area were studied, as well as studying some crimes in the study area represented by (premeditated murder, suicide, attempted murder, intentional injury and assault, habitual theft, car theft, fraud, crimes affecting the family). It was found that climatic elements have a large and clear role in influencing bioclimatic comfort, which contributed to the spread of these crimes for most months of the year. By comparing the number of crimes in four months (January, April, July, and October) during the two study years as models of the seasons (winter, spring, summer, and autumn), it became clear that climatic conditions have an impact on the mood and emotions of individuals, which reduces the bioclimatic comfort of the population and thus increases the possibility of conflicts and tensions that in some cases lead to the commission of various crimes.

When the author publishes his work for circulation among the public, whether the author is the publisher or he contracts with others under a publishing contract for others to publish the work to the public, and then serious or serious moral reasons arise for the work, which make the circulated work cause harm to the author's scientific and literary reputation, or the author has changed his religion so that the work contradicts the author's new beliefs or may conflict with public order and morals in society, or modern theories have proven a scientific error in the work, the author requests the court to rule to withdraw that work from circulation based on those reasons that justify the withdrawal, and if the court is convinced of the moral reasons that justify the withdrawal of the work, it issues a ruling to withdraw the work from circulation, provided that the author compensates the owner of the exploitation right with fair compensation within a period determined by the court for the material loss he suffered as a result of the withdrawal of the work, according to procedures stipulated by the legislator.

This research aims to assess the geomorphological hazards in the Rawanduz district, a region characterized by its rugged mountainous terrain located in northern Iraq, specifically in Erbil Governorate. Due to its diverse topography and high natural risk, the Rawanduz district requires a thorough analysis to identify potential hazards such as landslides and erosion. The research relies on the analysis of geological, topographical, and climatic data using Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. The primary goal of this assessment is to develop strategies for risk mitigation and disaster management in the Rawanduz district by identifying sensitive areas and providing recommendations for urban planning and optimal land use, thereby contributing to the protection of lives and property and achieving sustainable development in the region. The study concludes that the geomorphological hazards in the study area are distributed across five levels. Very low hazards occupy 29.46% of the area, concentrated in geologically stable regions with low slopes. Low hazards, covering 32.16% of the area, are found in regions with moderate slopes. Medium hazards, accounting for 22.77%, are present in areas with more varied terrain and steeper slopes. High hazards, constituting 12.10%, are concentrated in areas with rugged terrain and steep slopes. Finally, very high hazards occupy the smallest area at 3.51%, located in regions with severe terrain and very steep slopes, making them the most dangerous in the area.