Journal Dawat

Hence the idea of the research, which was identified in the structures of the Qur’anic call that indicate universality, and these structures differed according to their different Qur’anic contexts; Perhaps the most prominent of them is the speech “Oh, children of Adam” and “Oh people” and “Oh, people”; There may be other terms that will appear in the search pages; But what matters to us is the composition, not the singular pronunciation.
And I tried to gradual talk in the discourse from the most comprehensive and broad to the least comprehensive, all of which are indicative of universality.

This study examines the discourse of the self among some poets of the Islamic era. It had a special presence in their poems when it relates to topics that revolve around the return to the human self, the conflicts that occur in it, and the existential anxiety represented by the present. The return to the past represented an obsession that worried and preoccupied the poet. Thus, his relationship with it was based on fear of it with the suffering and pain of the present. In the research, we read the images of the discourse of the self in certain cases in which it reveals its reality. The self-talk represents one of the forms of searching for the truth of those deep-seated feelings in the human soul that disappeared with the days of youth. Hence disclosing it reveals something of its hidden reality as it displays the contemplative self that looks with some wisdom into the nature of the universe and human beings through the self-explicitness of what the soul has caused in the spiral of conflict with time in its life experiences. Therefore, the self becomes a subject that is readable and analyzed according to the interpretive system and the new reading.

This research includes a reading in one of the studies that appeared present in the grammar lesson, which is the so-called Qur’anic grammar, and it seems that the label has an undeniable effect in attracting supporters for these studies. Poetics of grammar, and avoiding immersion in controversy, philosophy and logic, relying on the Qur’anic witness only in building rules, leaving what is similar and then being in harmony with the primary goal that these studies were born from, which is to facilitate grammar and go to the field of descriptiveness away from strict normativeness.

Talking about the image of the Messenger (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) was not something new in our Arab literary heritage. He (PBUH) was the subject of people’s attention from the day he was born until the day he was resurrected because he possessed a personality made by Allah, endowed with dimensions of personal and moral perfection. This is something that is not hidden from the reader or follower of his biography (PBUH). This personality, with its unique characteristics, was the subject of interest in the Holy Qur’an, as the noble verses were received to paint some of its immortal features. This personality was also the interest of poetry and literature in general. They all paint for us the image of beauty and perfection, both material and moral. His image (PBUH) was present in the minds and imaginations of poets and writers throughout the ages and times. This research came to stand on the features of his honorable image by standing at the heritage of Sheikh Dr. Ahmed Al-Waeli for what this character represents and what is distinguished by him in combining poetic talent in loaning poetry and organizing it with the Husseini rhetoric in which he excelled and became famous.

A number of important intellectual concerns have possessed mankind in the scope of his search for the truth and his quest for perfection. It is represented in believing in the truthfulness of religious claims that the sacred texts carry. Among those concerns was the subject of truth and metaphor in religious texts as it represents one of the issues of great importance and impact in the field of the language of religion. Here we raise a basic question: Were all the Qur’anic issues genuinely presented, or has metaphor found its way into the Qur’an? If the metaphor is used in the Qur'an, what is its nature? What are its mechanisms in detecting the transcendental and metaphysical?
Keywords: religious language, metaphor, symbolism, truth.

This study aims to reveal the formulas and methods that indicate perfection. It is well known that there is a common formula for scholars, which is (i.e. perfectionism), but are there other formulas indicating perfection in Arabic?
Accordingly, it is necessary to study the speech of the Arabs and the people of the language to reveal these formulas, to show the capacity of Arabic, the abundance of its methods, and to facilitate those who use it. The research required that it be divided into an introduction, a preface and three sections.
It turns out that there are other forms other than ( ايi.e., perfectionism), including: ( الthe nationality), (elimination), (indefinite form), (the repetition of the subject and predicate with one word, or the repetition of the word gender), and (combining two things).
Keywords: perfectionism, formula, methods

Behind every creative critical vision lies a holistic knowledge that should represent the culture of the age with its topics, references, and renewable scientific methodologies that are always in need of revision in order to reveal the value of this vision and know its characteristics and features. Hence, this research seeks to present a brief depiction of the critical path that one of the Arab critics of modernity (Dr. Abdul-Azim Al-Sultani) charted through seven books that were completed within three decades, during which the critic tried to formulate a special critical discourse expressing an open mind that believes in the necessity of critical acculturation. It also tends to the inevitability of transformation in critical practices and attitudes as a prerequisite for presenting consistent and consistent theoretical and methodological alternatives in the midst of that creative vision.
Keywords: Abdul Azim Al-Sultani, the critical path, the critical method, criticism of criticism, cultural criticism.

This study deals with (the rhetorical structures and its impact on the cohesion of the Qur’anic text: Surat Al-Shura as a sample). It is concerned with the impact of the rhetoric strategies on the harmony of the Qur’anic text. Cohesion is one of the standards of text linguistics that are concerned with semantic cohesion at the text level.
The applications of cohesion in previous studies were made on linguistic and grammatical tools and their impact on making the text characterized by semantic continuity. In the light of this study, I showed that rhetorical strategies have a great and central effect upon creating text cohesion in general and the Qur’anic text in particular. The researcher also discusses the notion of structure and the notion of cohesion, identifying Surat Al-Shura, then explicates the places of rhetoric in the intended Surat and its semantic impact and its textual function on making the Surat cohesive. The study shows that rhetorical strategies are deliberately used. It also shows that the internal relations amongst such strategies participate in making the Surat well-structured in constant texture. In the light of the current study, rhetoric in its multifunction aspects has significant textual functions, which contribute to text cohesion at the semantic level.
Keywords: structure, rhetoric, cohesion, Quranic text, Surat Al-Shura.

The Iraqi novelist in general, and the author of Nohadra in particular, is concerned with the dialogues of multiple identities in a society that is supposed to be imaginary. However, it is clear that this society is representative of reality, so the inherited identities appear as if they were a sin committed by the real society that affected the text the imaginer. Therefore, the novelist works on plowing reality in order to germinate a narrative text that represents it. He also discusses the fatherhood of the dominant force that fragments the national identity into small ones that struggle with each other to lead to small and major wars, leading to the division of the divided, and affecting the personality that no longer finds itself except by negative belonging to a sect. This would lead to fragmentation of personality and a sense of alienation. From these perspectives, I will address in this research the issue of the conflict of identities in the novel (Nohadra) by its author, Dr. Karim Mohsen Al-Khaiyat, published by Dimuzzi - Damascus in 2021. The study required that I divide it into a preface and two axes: The first axis: (the conflict of identities and alienation), while in the second axis, I will study (memory and the concerns of the present). Then I conclude with the most important results that I reach.
Keywords: conflict, identities, Nohdra, Al-Khaiyat, alienation, memory.

This research deals with an issue of poetry related to the emotional suggestions that are stored in some words and expressions, which have been called poetic words. It will appear that there are great differences between the words according to their relation to this phenomenon and that the creative poet is the one who knows the emotional suggestion in the words so as he uses them in their positions and improves their use in their places in order to achieve an additional advantage of expression and beauty for his poetry in addition to the other elements on which the artwork is built.

The efforts of Arab scholars in revealing the ancient Arab heritage were of the utmost importance to them. This is because the heritage is not poetry or prose as it seems to some interested people; rather it is a multi-directional historical and cultural heritage of various kinds, which goes beyond literature to science, art, philosophy, ethics, jurisprudence, history, language and everything that can an aspect of the ancient social and intellectual movement. On this basis, Al-Damiri’s view was crystallized in showing the Arab heritage in its intellectual, cultural, scientific and historical aspects despite the fact that the book ‘The great Life of the Animal’ has mainly adopted the study of animal species. Accordingly, the study adopted the monitoring of the most important literary and critical efforts in this book, following the objectivity as well as the analytical method, trying to monitor the relationship between the poetic and prose texts that were mentioned and the historical, religious, jurisprudential, and scientific topics, relying on some significant sources and references.

The purpose of the research is to identify an important part of speech, namely the speaker’s intention which is largely based on in knowing the meaning and directing the linguistic structure, through which the discourse analysis, its meaning and justifications for its use are known. At the same time, the effect it has on speech is evident in Sibawayh in two ways:
The first is a type related to the difference in syntactic formulations, and the changes that occur in them or come in a contradiction from the apparent analogy in use by the speaker’s intention, and its detail after knowing the other effect of what the speaker’s intention causes.
The second matter: a type related to the unity of syntactic formulations. This type is related to the semantic change that occurs from the variations caused by the intent of the phonemic changes from the speaker, so the connotation can only be known after it is attributed to the speaker’s intent.
From this and that, the research resulted in the importance of the speaker’s intent as a means of grammatical recitation, a major element of linguistic communication, and a cornerstone of the process of understanding. It highlights an important and indispensable part of the discourse that Sibawayh came up with in explaining and justifying linguistic use. The invocation of the grammatical rule is of an explanatory nature for linguistic use.

The Ahwazi Dialect Encyclopedia is the most comprehensive book which is written on the Ahwazi dialect so far. This encyclopedia includes the colloquial vocabularies which is common on the mouths of Arabs in Ahwaz, southwest of Iran, recording the word and explaining its meaning or connotation in the minds of the public and clarifying its origin. This study, in returning to the Etymological and contrastive approach, identifies etymological errors. The intended purpose is to refine the encyclopedia, rid it of impurities, and deliver accurate information to the recipient as well as promote etymological criticism.
The study classified the etymological errors in the encyclopedia according to four axes: 1- Arabic words that entered foreign languages and returned in their foreign form. 2- Returning Arabic words to their origins. 3- Determining the origins of foreign words. 4- Foreign words thought to be Arabic. Among the most important findings of the researchers is that the most important factors that caused the researcher to make mistakes are the author’s dependence on the opinions of other researchers in a large number of vocabularies, not following the contrastive approach in presenting the vocabulary to the English and Ottoman dictionaries directly. In addition, not studying all the vocabulary phonetically to detect exposure to phonemic phenomena such as spatial reversal and letter substitution
Keywords: Encyclopedia of the Ahwazi dialect, etymological criticism, Abdul Amir Hassonizadeh

It is said that time is the nervous system of the novel. There is no novel without time, and there is no event without apparent or hidden temporal framing. In synchronicity, the element of vision becomes clear and other narrative structures are manifested. This is because the novel, which is the difficult labor of a human experience, needs to revolve with the human’s rotation in this life. In the details of the narration, they depend on the details of the situation and its temporary evidence to be a starting point or a regression, as all dialogues, memories and events involve an inevitable agenda for a time that depends on what will be through the narration ether.
In this research, we tried to investigate time in one of Faliha Hassan's novelist experiments because Namsh Mai, which will represent the applied text, was at the time an uncalculated transition to a narrative type characterized by shortness. It is a short novel with the most accurate and most literary descriptions. Because we are accustomed to flattening and extending events through the long novel, we will find the text here filled with both times and places and the writer intends to be brief because it is working on a short narrative literary text. It is therefore trying to be brief and economic in the events to prevent the plot from being fragmented.
The most important question in this research is how the writer reduced time, to prove to us her (literary) theory based on the strategy of (accelerating - stopping) time. Then proceeding from it to construct events that the reader may see as deviated from what came before or separated from the rhythm of real time. Therefore, we will confront this question by analyzing the event itself and clarifying its relationship with what (before - after) to draw a close picture of what is intended (chronologically).
We will try to read the novel (chronologically) according to the structural approach and Todorov's sayings, to identify the characteristic transformations that formed a milestone in the structure of the novelist's time, and how they are far from or close to real time.
Keywords: Nimish Mai, Time, Retrospect, History

Despite the claimed problematic issue often claimed about the contradiction of religious and literary discourse, especially in its inconsistency with the story and the novel. This discourse had an effective presence and a deep semantic space in contemporary Persian and Arab narrative texts, especially the short stories. That is why the prominent role of such religious discourse can be seen in the semantic structure of the works of Muhammad Ali Jamalzadeh and Mikhail Naimy as pioneers of Persian and Arabic short stories, which was highlighted in different ways and in an in-depth semantic space. Perhaps one of the reasons for their success in the short story is the correct and appropriate use of this type of discourse within the textual connotations. Since Jamalzadeh and Naimy were considered as pioneers of short stories in Persian and Arabic literature in many sources, in this paper we shed light on the study of the status of religious discourse in their fictional works as a model for the interaction of religious and literary discourse based on the descriptive-analytical and comparative approach. The research tried to answer a specific problem, that is how was the religious discourse reflected in the structure of the narrative text of the pioneers of Persian and Arabic short stories? The article concludes that religious discourse has been used in the semantic context of Jamalzadeh and Naimy's short stories moderately and socially, in keeping with their literary texts while not leading to any alleged contradiction.
Keywords: religious discourse, literary discourse, short story, Muhammad Ali Jamalzadeh, Mikhail Naimy.

The Qur’anic discourse remains in need of approaches that justify its techniques, clarify its contents, and verify its dimensions. Based on the foregoing, we urgently need to make use of a number of implicit mechanisms that contribute to the formation of meaning. Among these mechanisms is the theory of mental spaces, which is considered one of the methods of stimulating thinking and generating new unfamiliar creative ideas. It works with the same steps as the human mind, which helps to re-read and explain the structures of the Qur’anic discourse through mental spaces that are interconnected in the light of structural, maqam, cultural and social clues in order to enable the addressee to reach the desired significance.
Keywords: Quranic discourse, mental spaces, slanderer, goal, link, principle of guidance

Recalling history with its past incidents constitutes a luminous sign between the center and the periphery in proving the relation of one to the other, especially if those incidents were hidden or obscured by a party for political reasons. The relationship between the present of the center and the periphery is linked to the past of each of them with what carries values, concepts and social perceptions religious or political, where each is subject to the evaluation of the other. This research includes a retrieval of the events of the past by looking at the messages of Imam Ali - peace be upon him - as a center - addressed to the parties from the rulers, princes and others.
keywords: The center, the margin, the hidden past

It is remarkable for the ancients that the term dialectic did not have limit in their works. Because of the many arguments that took place between grammarians in their debates, dialogues, and disagreements, they lacked the definition of the grammatical debate, and perhaps they may have replaced it by defining dialectic as the science of speech and logic.
Not until when Abu al-Barakat al-Anbari (d. 577 AH) came who laid down his principles and laws in his letter (Al-Ighrib fi fi-Dijal al-Arabiya), meaning ‘Strangeness in the polemics of parsing’ to be the first to classify this industry in the laws of controversy and morals. These laws are to be when arguing and debating the through path of truth and righteousness. Also, to be polite upon dialogue, controversies, and quarreling in discourse. Later, it has been developed to be an approach in the study of controversial issues based on discussion and dialogue, conducted by a grammarian with a real or supposed opponent, grammatical or non-grammatical (linguistic or nonlinguistic), whose aim is to defend his thesis and convince the opponent. Each of them presents his point of view on the issue, reviewing his evidence on which he relies, and the objections he sees to the evidence of his opponent, and responding to the objections that the justified makes to his evidence. The grammatical controversy appears in three forms: the first is that it is purely scientific. The second is that in which science is mixed with nervousness. As for the third, it is based mainly on conflict and strife.
Keywords: debate, arguments, grammatical disagreement, grammatical views.

This study attempts to address an important criterion of textual standards set by (De Beaugrand), which took a good place among modern scholars, which is “textual cohesion.” In most of the social verses, a textual cohesion was noted through (semantic relations), where these relations worked within the framework of a higher structure that is the structure of these relations in line with the subject of the social verses, which has achieved the strength and coherence between those verses.

Differentiation is the mainstay of linguistic phenomena of great importance. It is a mechanism used by speakers to generate words in the language because the processes of derivation and inflection - which are the mainstay of language in generating its words - are based on differentiation. The change between the opposites that is intended to differentiate represents an emergency difference in one of the two parties to be a sign of its difference from the other side. The differentiation is employed, on the other hand, as a mechanism whose purpose is to remove confusion from words and structures, which are similar to other words and structures.
Among the changes that grammarians and linguists have been keen to follow up and provide an appropriate linguistic explanation for are the changes that they have justified with the reason for differentiation in view of the availability of the correspondent that may be ambiguous, or the contrast whose type must be indicated by the difference in the verbal structure between the opposites. The changes in the places that we will study in this research have been attributed to differentiation although they did not come to indicate a morphological, grammatical, or semantic value. These changes were the result of taking into account the syllabic effect of Arabic. The process of limiting the change in these places to what is required for differentiation is in the area of wasting the effect of observing the taste of classical Arabic in building its syllables, and it is one of the foundations upon which the locational phenomena are based. Many phonemic changes in words are in response to the syllabic system of language because these changes represent contextual and positional solutions that seek to take into account the taste of syllabic Arabic, which has its own system.
Keywords: differentiation, change, syllable

Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the most honorable of all creation, Muhammad, his family and his chosen companions.
The dawn of Islam dawned in Mecca, spread its golden rays on the pillars of the Haram, the shrine of Abraham, and the black stone. The breezes of truth flew with wings of light towards simple horizons, carrying the light of God in the hands of Muhammad, his family and his chosen companions to enter peace and tranquility in hearts that have long been afflicted by drought, anxiety and pain because they need to fill hunger in belief and religion. Hearts and souls needed a savior, so he was Muhammad, and they needed a follower and guardian to complete the journey, so Ali (peace be upon him), a mother, a lady and an example reflecting the light of Muhammad (may God bless him and his family) himself was Fatimah, who was quickly kidnapped by death and sought after her father in few months later. This made her a few in production, with a great impact, while thereafter a line of history filled with a thread of blood that flowed and did not stop, holy blood that was a beacon to every rebel for truth and demanded equality.
This now puts us in front of something of that woman's product; a sermon which was the spark for what was to come and the cornerstone for what was shed of pure blood. We will try to follow all this with the research entitled ‘The argument Structure: The sermon of Al-Zahra (peace be upon her) as an example’, trying to guide and probe its depths through some of the mechanisms of the argument and its basic elements. According to the requirements of the subject, the research included a preface in which we explained the subject of the sermon, the reason for delivering it, and the most important factors that necessitated the emergence of the Lady of Women and Kawthar of Muhammad to the public in order to guide the people. Then we quickly go through to clarify the nature and concept of the argument. In the first part of this study, we talk about the dialogic imperative, in the second, we discuss the study of the theory of speech acts, and then a conclusion in which we show the most important results, followed by a list of sources and references
It should be noted that the researcher relied to study the sermon on what was reported by Ibn Abi Taher, known as Ibn Tayfur (d. 280), as it was transmitted from his way with reliable chains that did not come out in its men on the authority of Abi Al-Hussein Zaid bin Ali
bin Zaid bin Ali bin Al-Hussein informing Fatimah.