AL-Mostansiriyah journal for arabic and international studies

Abstract
Education is considered one of the most prominent indicators of progress and prosperity in all countries of the world and it is the only way to maintain the provision of human cadres to achieve the progress of any people and achieve their ambitions and future aspirations. Therefore, we can classify education as, in addition to being one of the basic pillars for achieving the ambitions of the people, there is a strong link between education and indicators of progress in general. Education is also one of the foundations and pillars for preserving national identity by enhancing awareness and deepening the national sense among new generations by emphasizing national identity and deepening citizenship among the sons of one people, and ensuring the development of the national spirit among generations by enhancing awareness and insight into the components of the civilizational identity of countries and peoples, and thus reaching the construction and development of the country and achieving sustainable development in order to preserve the national identity and adhere to it with all its manifestations and components.
Since the world has recently witnessed major and rapid changes, whether on the political, economic or social level, reaching the religious, intellectual and cultural level, including Arab and Islamic societies, these countries have become concerned that these changes will lead to marginalization and obliteration of identity and targeting its values, principles, customs and traditions, and thus the absence of the true national voice from the scene. Here, the role of the educational curriculum emerges through its effectiveness in instilling the concept of citizenship in the student to achieve educational goals. The individual's sense of citizenship has a major role in consolidating his loyalty to the homeland, such that it goes beyond his sense of privacy and individuality, as the principle of citizenship was associated with the movement of human history's struggle for justice and equality. This was before the term citizenship and similar terms of political, intellectual and educational literature were established and the struggle escalated in Mesopotamia since ancient times, which contributed to these civilizations in laying the foundations for the nation and equality. Citizenship is one of the fateful issues that express the standards of belonging and the level of participation by individuals in protecting the homeland. It also expresses the individual's awareness of rights and duties, accepting others and preserving money. The year and keenness on the national interest, as it reflects the extent of the citizen's awareness of his role in confronting the challenges facing society, and the importance of this research lies in that knowing the concept of citizenship and instilling it in the souls of students, especially from the early stages and understanding its dimensions and basics is what develops love of the homeland and loyalty to it and defending it and commitment to its laws and duties. The researcher aims to identify the role of national education in acquiring the concept of citizenship among members of society and the extent of its application by instilling the concept of citizenship and acquiring the concept of citizenship through practicing democracy and the citizen's sense of justice and equality.
Keywords: citizenship, identity, education.

Abstract
It is natural that the term historical identity is taken into account by researchers. Because it relates to a cornerstone upon which the state is based, as well as being one of the unifying elements of any society, therefore we find countries seeking to preserve their identity because they realize the value of history and its impact on their lives. After the surrender of the city of Granada, Andalusian society tried to preserve that identity from loss and ruin, and for that reason they experienced the most horrific forms of torture against everyone who embraced the Islamic religion, used the Arabic language, and wore traditional Andalusian clothing, and criminalized everyone who practiced customs and social traditions. These methods can be described as brutal, because the Inquisition realized that their true victory over the Andalusians would not come without eliminating historical identity.
Keywords: Andalusians, Islamic identity, Granada.

In fact, Islam made several Islamic features for the Arab Islamic homeland during its stages of evolution like modifying the modern humanism principles in terms of its followers, the generous forgiveness, the avoidance of aggression towards the neighbors, the peace and peaceful coexistence, the aim of creating a modest community focusing on the evolution of human being, the belief of good deeds and building a prosperous civilization which we still be proud of it. Then, as a matter of duty fulfilling, the Islamic citizens should inspire, as an inspiring flashback, their flourished cultural integrity in order to be a powerful basis for the recall of future civilization renaissance. In accordance with what mentioned, the Arab Islamic civilization had come from a stable roots based on the holy Qura'n and the holy prophet's sunnah.
Key words: recall, the civilized features, the Islamic historical era, ..etc

The Problem of identity in the Digital age, which began with the invention of the internet at the at the beginning of the nineties, and the subsequent achievements in terms of digital technology and its high-precision, is considered one of the most important problems facing countries and societies, as a result of the open atmosphere, so it was necessary to search for Ways to ensure By preserving the authenticity of national Identity, while into account the privileges of Digitization .
Key Words :Identity, Change, Digitization, Citizenship, Society

Hardly any research or study is presented or a conference is held on globalization unless the subject of identity is the other side of this research or study, whether at the level of Arab and Islamic intellectual works or even at the level of global intellectual works. In order for the interconnectedness of the topic to become clearer, and for us to understand it in a better way, we must examine the relationship between identity and globalization.
The truth is that the topic of identity has not had such an active presence in global literature or at the level of international relations, but after the emergence, spread, and aggravation of the phenomenon of globalization, the topic of identity and culture also began to emerge on the intellectual scene. During its long history, the Islamic nation has been exposed to a series of major and dangerous challenges, during which our nation entered into various confrontations, in order to preserve its identity and cultural and civilizational specificity.
The phenomenon of globalization comes as another episode in a series of challenges facing the Islamic nation, distinguished from its predecessors in terms of quantity, quality, strength, ability, seriousness, and seriousness in achieving goals that other ideas and methods have been unable to achieve, or that have not achieved them in the desired manner.
If man in the Islamic world is living a double struggle at the current stage, where he struggles with himself to identify, achieve, confirm and consolidate his true identity, and reconnects his present and future with his past and principles and seeks to reconcile them, then his struggle with the other, at all levels, and for various reasons, is the most prominent and dangerous. The struggle that Muslims are experiencing today is the struggle of identity in the age of globalization and the civilization of the information revolution.
Keywords: identity, globalization, belonging

Abstract :
Arab and Islamic migrations to the West and America alike are of great importance to Western thinkers, as Western perceptions of Islam have taken their forms through Muslim immigrants, and the Western image has gradually begun to change, sometimes towards peace and admiration and sometimes towards hatred and malice. Many Western concepts towards Islam and Muslims have changed, especially after the events of September 11, 2011, and killing and terrorism have become the distinguishing features of Islam for most Western thinkers, which has exposed Islamic identity to misconceptions, the direct cause of which was hostile attitudes towards Muslims and the renewal of the view of hatred and malice, and the concept of Islamic identity began to change according to the change in Western policies with Islamic countries. This research is an attempt to define the concept of Islamic identity in the West and the problems of dealing with others in light of modern variables.
Keywords: West, identity, migrations, Arabic.

Abstract:
The research aims to highlight the destruction of cultural heritage in recent years, armed conflicts around the world have caused widespread destruction of cultural heritage sites, and the deliberate destruction of these international cultural heritage sites is a form of cultural genocide that deeply affects citizens at the local, national and global levels, as cultural heritage is an expression of fundamental and recognized human rights such as water, including the right to freedom of expression, freedom of thought, freedom of conscience and religion, and freedom of culture.
Keywords: Cultural heritage, human rights, international protection

Abstract:
The research dealt with the biography of a young Egyptian Muslim man from the countryside, who completed his postgraduate studies in Europe. Through this trip, he saw and admired many European writings and ideas. Then he returned to Egypt to express those ideas and observations in his writings in a moderate, Islamic, Eastern character. It carries a lot of modernity within it. The research focused on the most controversial topics on the political scene at that time, such as freedom, equality, fraternity, socialism, and other ideas, which occupied a large part of Heikal’s various writings, expressed in a simple style directed to the general readership and not to a specific group. Without others, it has been widely popular and welcomed by Arab intellectuals, readers and thinkers.
Keywords: contributions, structure, thought, Egypt, twentieth century

Abstract:
Identity and its problems are related to the human personality and do not cease from him and enhance his confidence in himself and his affiliations, and recognizing it and not marginalizing it is one of the basic human rights in Islamic thought through the sources of legislation represented in the Holy Quran and the hadiths of the Prophet and what the thought of Muslim scholars has derived since the birth of the Prophet (peace be upon him) to this day, as well as the principles of contemporary human rights represented by international conventions and instruments annexed to them, especially the conventions ratified by Iraq.The research included three sections, the first section: the definition of the terms of the title of the research and included the concept of identity and Islamic thought and the concept of contemporary human rights principles and some related terms.The research included three sections, the first section: the definition of the terms of the title of the research and included the concept of identity and Islamic thought and the concept of contemporary human rights principles and some related terms.The Almighty said: ﴿ And from 1 A۰ۦ Khalāq Al-Samā and 0t and 1 Ari1 and 1 Akh1 Tal0 1 Sunnah 1 and 1 O 0 Nakm1 If you are in the same for 1 Aalmeen 22) The difference of human races and colors between white or black skin and multilingualism is not a cause for discrimination and preference between human beings, as all human beings refer to the Prophet Adam (peace be upon himThe right to speak the language to which a person belongs and is cherished, as stated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the relevant international conventions, such as the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities, and the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights and Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.
Keywords : Religious identity, Ethnic identity, Islamic Thought

Preserving Islamic culture, spreading it among people, defending it, and graduating specialists in it, its bearers, and those who uphold it, is one of the most important duties in this era. Knowledge of Islamic culture and working with it, calling people to it, and defending it in all its areas: belief, worship, morals, dealings, values, thought, systems, and behavior, is one of the most important tasks, especially in an era like ours, full of doubts and desires, an era in which the enemies of the Islamic nation have taken control of it from every side, attacking it in all areas of its culture, sometimes with military force, and at other times with intellectual force, attacking it in its belief, its law, its morals, its systems, its thought, and its methods. The tangible and intangible cultural heritage of any society is not limited to merely recording and documenting it, but rather society must strive to protect it from dissolution and also activate it so that it has a tangible impact towards achieving sustainable development in all its social, economic and cultural dimensions and serving the environment surrounding this heritage
Keywords: reality, culture, Iraq, treatment methods.

Abstract
The crisis of national identity in contemporary Iraqi political thought represented a state of internal division in its societal structure, as the intellectual premises that were based on different ideologies of the theorists of Iraqi political thought did not arise on purely national foundations, in an attempt to reduce national identity in its general concept to the partisan identity formed according to external ideologies in an attempt to present it as Iraq’s national identity, which directly or indirectly affected the unity of that intellectual structure of Iraq and its national identity, going beyond the saying “know yourself", As an introduction to knowing the other thought with its gender, nationality, type and affiliation, therefore, political thought in many cases did not know itself as an introduction to knowing the other, mixing many intellectual concepts and political references, arriving at subsequent dualities about national identity, party identity, affiliation, belief, liberalism, leftism, progressiveism, nationalism, Baathism and Islam, the duality of “truth and error", It ended up as a formless rubble. In fact, the historical context of the concept of national identity went through a difficult labor that ultimately produced a troubled identity after it lost its constituent elements, from the liberal identity far from the identity of Arabism and Islam, even from the East originally, to the leftist identity, this is explained by the explicit despair of rising again, not by accusatory language that is not innocent of sectarianism, from the besieged thinker to the dependent, we confirm the dilemma of preserving the national identity after it lost its value due to the decline of Muslims and the advancement of the West over the East, according to the description of some historians.
Keywords: National identity, political thought, political parties, Iraqi society.

Abstract:
Historically, Arabs have excelled in various sciences, knowledge and literature, relying on the values of the Islamic religion and meeting with the cultural production of other civilizations. However, they suffered from a period of weakness and backwardness represented by the reduction of the movement of ijtihad and renewal since the third century AH and the fall of the Abbasid Caliphate in 1258 AD, while the signs of progress began in Europe through the adoption of modernity, of which the French philosopher Descartes was the first theorist, so materialistic philosophy and the experimental method developed, at the same time that the Arab world became subject to the Ottoman state, which was weakened and the European influence through trade and colonial invasion began to constitute an effective element that disrupted its conditions, especially the French invasion of Egypt in 1798, whose governor Muhammad Ali Pasha (1805-1848 AD) embarked on a broad modernization process in the Western style. Thus, modern and contemporary Arab thought has faced since the nineteenth century the problem of authenticity, which is its rich heritage with all its religious, cultural and economic dimensions, and imported Western modernity and the requirements of renewal. This problem has occupied Islamic thought in particular, which has been divided into three currents: the first is religious reform and renewal, which sought to find a pattern of harmony between heritage and modernity, and between adherence to its principles and the process of ijtihad and renewal, and was represented by Sheikh Rifa’a Rafi’ al-Tahtawi, Muhammad Abduh, Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, Sayyid Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr, and the Muslim Brotherhood current represented by Imam Hassan al-Banna, Sayyid Qutb, and Sheikh Yusuf al-Qaradawi, and finally the Salafi current, which adhered to authenticity at the expense of modernity.
Keywords: authenticity, modernity, Arab thought, Sheikh Mustafa Abdul Razzaq, Sayyid Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr.

Abstract:
Since the second half of the nineteenth century, international law has been developing rules for the preservation of cultural heritage and the organization of cultural property seized during armed conflict. Today, it is recognized that international law prohibits looting. The 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict stipulates that artifacts seized from conflict-affected territories must be returned. The protection of cultural heritage, as part of the contribution of every people to the culture of the world, constitutes a link between the present and the roots of the past and the contributions of civilization. Throughout the ages, humanity has sought to limit resorting to war because of the destruction it causes to cultural heritage property. Therefore, efforts must be doubled to protect such property through international law, which obliges all parties to the conflict to commit to protecting it regardless of the violation of the rules of war by any party, which should be prepared to respect international law.
Keywords: Cultural property, cultural heritage, war, international law.

Intellectual projects, with their effort, methodological coherence, delving into the most complex and difficult problems and their approaches, and reconsidering the philosophical contemplation of these projects, their successive methods and approaches, and their organic overlap, represent a distinct moment in the context of general culture. Especially the "modernity project" that occupied important spaces within the discourses of contemporary thought, because the modernity project gave connotations and meanings that began to reach the point that made every cognitive understanding cancel some other concepts. This is due to a set of factors and reasons that contributed to the crystallization of the contemporary mind's awareness of this concept. Such as the predominance of the "struggle tendency", for example, and the "ideological alignment" over the cognitive and philosophical understanding of modernity. Which led the contemporary intellectual mind towards negative debate which did not lead to a cognitive understanding of the modernity project and its general achievements.
Keywords: Modernity, elite, leftism.

Abstract
Moderate religious discourse has an important and effective role in the cultural change processes ,that have occurred in society, which included all components without discrimination between any group over the other, this in turn made the process of renewal in moderate religious discourse a must considering that it is a comprehensive global discourse that keeps pace with all changes and developments, which is Particularly suitable for the targeted groups, namely the youth considering that it is a discourse that does not stop at a specific place ,color, gender or sect ,meaning that is a discourse that works to meet the needs of the current generation, and for all parties with their differences, it is a diverse discourse that targets all classes of intellectuals, scholars and politicians, the poor and the rich, lnterest in religious discourse has emerged and increased after the rapid development and cultural invasion that society has witnessed due to the development of social media and the media, it has gained wide spread, and has an effective role in establishing principles and the resulting change in ideas and beliefs, considering that it is one of the source of continuous education, through its distinctive nature because it affects thought and treats behavior.
Keywords: religious discourse, moderate cultural ,discourse ,society, cultural reform.

Abstract:
The success of any satisfied country contributes to enjoying innocence and defending privacy, on conditions of the depth of promising practical knowledge in the age of technology, and the means in all of this depends on its self-proving perfections, I mean clearly that it is opposition. I am not forced to be American or French, or otherwise; rather, I must preserve my identity, culture, customs and morals, with the experience of the scientific boom that deserves culture, and this can be achieved through:
1. Formulating a modern strategy for Arab dealing with science and technology, and proposing consideration in university and university curricula on how to plan to communicate the civilized features in the Arab personality to the transformations of today's world.
2. In full cooperation with the Ministry of Education and Higher Education, Endowments and Islamic Affairs and Justice; in order to preserve the Islamic passport from anything bad.
3. It does not have a mature scientific creation that builds the conscious Arab person who is able to be effective in a long dialogue, and is protected against culture, and preserves the identity of the nation and its values.
4. Ensuring and empowering cultural freedom; Whereas freedom of culture did not stem from justice in the commonalities of human orientations on people, nor at the same time is it a fundamental factor in enriching cultural life and their giving; but he does not have the right to understand freedom as being open to every expression, and accepting every thought; but freedom is freedom controlled by controls. 5. Getting to know the cultural culture, revealing its strengths and weaknesses, and studying the complementarities and their positives with an open vision, the goal of which is scientific research and study, and at the same time we define those global eras with what we have of heritage, traditions and deep-rooted social value.
Keywords: identity, cultural identity, economic culture, cultural globalization.

Abstract:
Islamic literature plays a central role in reclaiming Arab culture and enhancing its identity, as it combines Islamic values with the Arabic language in a manner aimed at strengthening cultural belonging and connecting the past with the present. Islamic literature focuses on instilling ethical values derived from Islam, such as justice, tolerance, and benevolence, contributing to the building of societies based on strong foundations of ethics and coexistence.
This type of literature also contributes to highlighting and revitalizing the rich Arab cultural heritage through texts that reflect the depth and diversity of Islamic thought, thus restoring the Arab culture\'s position in the global cultural scene. Islamic literature relies on the Arabic language as the foundation for expressing ideas, which enhances the status of the Arabic language and helps preserve it as a living language and a medium for expressing identity.
Furthermore, Islamic literature helps address the cultural challenges imposed by globalization, by offering authentic literary alternatives that enhance self-awareness of one\'s cultural heritage and encourage positive interaction with other cultures, without compromising values and principles. Therefore, it can be said that Islamic literature is an effective tool for revitalizing and consolidating Arab culture in the face of contemporary challenges.